第节，倒装句

(1/16) 倒装句简介

      英语句子的语序一般是固定的：主语在前，谓语在后，这叫陈述语序。谓语的全部或一部分(助动词或情态动词)放在主语之前的现象称为倒装，把谓语动词置于主语前，称为完全倒装，把助动词或情态动词置于主语前，称为部分倒装。我们学习倒装的主要目的是增加对英语句式多样性的认识，以便在写作和口语中使用，这也是我们学习英语语法的主要目的。

(2/16) 简单倒装1

简单倒装1：

一般疑问句和特殊疑问句要倒装

How are you getting along?

你目前怎么样？

When will there be lasting peace in the world?

什么时候世界上才能有持久的和平？

(3/16) 简单倒装2

简单倒装2：There be 句型当中

There be 句型表达的意思是“某处有……”，这个句型的主语在谓语动词后面，因此这是倒装语序。

There are not many people who want to read this book.

想看这本书的人不多。

There is going to be a change in our arrangement.

我们的安排将有一个变化。

(3/16) 简单倒装2

简单倒装2：There be 句型当中

There be 句型表达的意思是“某处有……”，这个句型的主语在谓语动词后面，因此这是倒装语序。

There are not many people who want to read this book.

想看这本书的人不多。

There is going to be a change in our arrangement.

我们的安排将有一个变化。

(4/16) 简单倒装3

简单倒装3：

以so开头，表示“也一样”“也这样”的句子要倒装。

so 用于肯定句，代替上文中的形容词、名词或动词，通常指前面所说的肯定情况也适用于其他人或物。结构是“so+be (do, have, 其他助动词或情态动词)＋主语”。

Production is going up, and so is the people's standard of living.

生产不断发展，人们的生活水平也一样。

Society has changed and so have the people in it.

社会变了，社会上的人也变了。

He saw it, and so did I.

他看见了，我也看见了。

They can swim now, and so can we.

他们现在能游泳，我们也能。

We must start for the work-site now. So must you.

我们该动身去工地了，你们也该去了。 "

(5/16) 简单倒装4

简单倒装4：

用于以表示处所、方向等意义的副词开头的句子。

用表示运动的不及物动词(如go, come, rush, fly 等)作谓语时，为了表示生动，可将某些副词放在句首，谓语动词放在主语之前，形成倒装结构。
Away flew the birds.

鸟儿飞走了。
Out went the children.

孩子们出去了。

(6/16) 简单倒装5

简单倒装5：

用倒装来避免头重脚轻，使句子显得平衡，这主要是因为主语过长或强调表语或状语 。

At the center of the big room over there is a table that is made of wood which is imported from Brazil of South America.

这句话主语和谓语间隔太长，不平衡，故而倒装。

正常语序：A table that is made of wood which is imported from Brazil of South America is at the center of the big room over there.

在那边那个大房子的中央有一张用从南美洲的巴西进口的木头做成的桌子。

(7/16) 简单倒装6

简单倒装6：

倒装还可用在强调表语和宾语的句子中，把表语和宾语提到主语前。

Such was Albert Einstein, a simple man of great achievements.

爱因斯坦就是这样一个取得了伟大成就的单纯的人。
Not a word did he say along the way.

一路上他一句话也没说。

(8/16) 简单倒装7

简单倒装7：

以here, there, now, then 等副词开头的句子中。

There comes the bus!

汽车来了。
Now comes your turn.

该轮到你了。
Here is a letter for you.

这儿有你一封信。

(9/16) 简单倒装8

简单倒装8：

在表示祝愿的句子中。

May you have a pleasant trip.

祝你旅途愉快。

(10/16) 重点倒装1

重点倒装1：

当连词as表示“虽然，尽管”引导让步状语从句时，句子要倒装。准确地说，是将需要强调的词提到as的前面。as 相当于though,两者可以替换。
Tired as he was, he went on working. =Though he was very tired, he went on working.

虽然他很累，他还是接着工作。
Child as she is, she knows a great deal.

她虽然是个孩子，但她懂得很多。
Teacher as he is, he knows little about teaching.

尽管他是个老师，但不懂什么教学。

(11/16) 重点倒装2

重点倒装2：

虚拟语气条件从句中的if 被省略情况。

虚拟语气条件从句中的if 被省略时，要把从句中的were, had 或should 移到主语之前。
If I had been in your place, I wouldn't have given it up so early.=Had I been in your place, I wouldn't have given it up so early.

如果我处于你的位置，我不会这么早放弃。
If he were to succeed, the sun would rise from the west.＝Were he to succeed, the sun would rise from the west.

如果他能成功，太阳就会从西边出来。
If you should be asked about this, say that you know nothing.=Should you be asked about this, say that you know nothing.

如果有人问起你这件事，你就说你什么也不知道。

(12/16) 重点倒装3

重点倒装3：以neither或nor开头的句子。

以neither或nor开头的句子，表示“也不”时，句子倒装，neither 与nor 意思相同，可以互换，结构是：Neither (Nor)+be (do, have, 其他助动词或情态动词) ＋主语。
I won't do such a thing. Nor/Neither will anyone else.

我不会做这样的事。别人也不会。
I won't go there. Neither will she.

我将不去那里。她也不去。

(13/16) 重点倒装4

重点倒装4：

表示否定或半否定意义的词或词组开头的句子中，主谓要倒装。

在以never, hardly, scarcely, rarely, barely, seldom, not only, not until, nor, little, nowhere, hardly…when, no sooner…than, by no means, under no circumstances 等表示否定或半否定意义的词或词组开头的句子中，主谓要倒装。
Never have I come across such a difficult problem.

我还从没有遇到过这样困难的问题。
Seldom do I read such magazines.

我很少读这种杂志。
No sooner had they left than the bus arrived.

他们刚走，公共汽车就来了。
Never before have I met him.

我以前从未见过他。
Not only should we not be afraid of difficulties, but we should try our best to overcome them.

我们不但应该不怕困难，而且要尽最大努力克服困难。
Not until midnight did it stop raining.

直到半夜雨才停。
By no means will this method produce satisfactory results.

这种方法绝不会产生令人满意的结果。
Under no circumstances should we do anything against the will of the people.

在任何情况下我们都绝不可以违背人民的意愿。

(14/16) 重点倒装5

重点倒装5：

在以“only+状语”开头的句子中，主谓要倒装。

在以“only+状语”开头的句子中，主谓要倒装，这里only后面必须跟由它修饰的状语或状语从句，这是关键，否则就不倒装。
Only after the war was over was man able to realize the wickedness of the atomic bomb.

只是在战争结束后人类才意识到原子弹的可恶。
【注意】
①only 引导的状语从句部分不倒装，主句部分的主谓倒装。
Only then did I realize the importance of English.只在那时我才意识到英语的重要性。
Only in this way can we improve ourselves.只有用这种方法我们才能不断提高自己。
Only after you finish it can you leave.只有结束它以后，你才能离开。
②only若不在句首，或only 修饰的不是状语，则不倒装。
The contract was signed only after bitter negotiations.只有在艰苦的谈判以后，合同才得以签署。

改成倒装：Only after bitter negotiations was the contract signed.
Only the senior staff are allowed to use this room.只许资深的职员使用这个房间。(only修饰的是名词，不倒装)
Only five passengers survived the accident.事故中只有五位旅客生存了下来。(only修饰的是名词，不倒装)
 

(15/16) 实战检验

【考题1】Never before _____ in greater need of modern public transport than it is today.
A.has this city been   
B.this city has been   
C.was this city    
D.this city was
【答案】 A
【解析】 never位于句首要倒装，把has提前。
【译文】 这个城市从来没有比如今更急需现代公共交通了。
【考题2】Only when the war was over_____ to his hometown.
A.did the young soldier return  
B.the young soldier returned   
C.returned the young soldier   
D.the young soldier did return
【答案】 A
【解析】 only加时间状语位于句首要倒装，且本句是过去式，所以把did提前。
【译文】 只有当战争结束的时候，这名年轻的士兵才能回到家乡。
【考题3】Only in this way ____ to make improvement in the operating system.
A.you can hope  
B.you did hope  
C.can you hope   
D.did you hope
【答案】 C
【解析】 only加in this way(方式状语)位于句首要倒装，且本句不是过去式，所以把情态动词can提前。
【译文】 只有这样你才有希望在操作系统方面有所进步。
【考题4】Only when your identity has been checked, _____.
A.you are allowed in  
B.you will be allowed in   
C.will you allow in  
D.will you be allowed in
【答案】 D
【解析】 only加时间状语位于句首要倒装，且本句是被动句，故选D。
【译文】 只有当你的身份证被检查后，你才被允许进入。
【考题5】Not only ____ interested in football but____ beginning to show an interest in it.
A.the teacher himself is; all his students are   
B.the teacher himself is; are all his students   
C.is the teacher himself; are all his students   
D.is the teacher himself; all his students are
【答案】 D
【解析】 Not only位于句首的时候，not only所在的分句要倒装，but (also)后面的句子不用倒装。
【译文】 老师不仅自己对足球感兴趣，所有的学生也开始对足球感兴趣。
【考题6】____snacks and drinks, but they also brought cards for entertainment when they had a picnic in the forest.
A.Not only they brought
B.Not only did they bring
C.Not only brought they
D.Not only they did bring
【答案】 B
【解析】 Not only位于句首的时候，not only所在的分句要倒装，并且本句是过去时，所以选择B。
【译文】 他们在森林里野餐的时候，不仅带了零食和饮料而且带了纸牌进行娱乐。

(16/16) 真题例句

【真题例句1】Odd though it sounds, cosmic inflation is a scientifically plausible consequence of some respected ideas in elementary particle physics,and many astrophysicists have been convinced for the better part of a decade that it is true.
【考点揭秘】 Odd though it sounds是个倒装句型，其正常的语序应该是Though it sounds odd。主句是由连词and 连接的两个并列分句组成。应注意代词it指代cosmic inflation。另外，for the better part of a decade的意思是for more than half of a decade，故翻译成“七八年”。
【参考译文】 宇宙膨胀说虽然听似奇特，但它是基本粒子物理学中一些公认的理论在科学上看来貌似可信的结果，并且许多天体物理学家七八年来一直相信这一论说是正确的。
【真题例句2】 Emerging from the 1980 census is the picture of a nation developing more and more regional competition,as population growth in the Northeast and Midwest reaches a near standstill.
【考点揭秘】 这是主从复合句，逗号前面是主句，是个倒装句，主干结构其实是The picture is emerging from the 1980 census，of a nation developing more and more regional competition是定语，修饰the picture，而as引导的是时间状语从句。
【参考译文】 从1980年美国人口普查浮现出的画面是：随着东北部和中西部人口增长近乎停止，国家地区间的竞争越来越激烈。