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基本考点分析

时间:2022-09-23 百科知识 版权反馈
【摘要】:基本考点分析一、考博英语词汇考点归纳考点一:名词1.Too much ________to X-rays can cause skin burns,cancer or other damage to the body.A.disclosure  B.exhibition  C.contact  D.exposureDexposure to意为“暴露于……”。考生在复习时要随手查阅英汉双解辞典,一方面要明确词的确切含义,另一方面要注意词的搭配关系。考生应注意近义词的辨析。

基本考点分析

一、考博英语词汇考点归纳

考点一:名词

1.Too much ________to X-rays can cause skin burns,cancer or other damage to the body.

A.disclosure  B.exhibition  C.contact  D.exposure

【答案】D

【解析】exposure to意为“暴露于……”。

2.A man has to make ________for his old age by putting aside enough money to live on when old.

A.supply  B.assurance  C.provision  D.adjustment

【答案】C

【解析】make provision for sth.意为“(为未来的好事或坏事)做好准备”。

注意:为提高试题难度,近年经常考查“动词+名词+介词……”的惯用搭配。

3.When traveling,you are advised to take travelers’checks,which provide a secure________to carrying your money in cash.

A.substitute B.selection C.preference D.alternative

【答案】D

【解析】alternative的词性是名词,意为“两者之中的另一个选择”。substitute的词性是名词,意为“代用品”。selection作不可数名词用时,意为“选择,挑选,淘汰”;作可数名词用时,意为“选择,供选择物”。preference意为“宁愿,优先选择”。

注意:易混淆词在词汇试题选择项中经常遇到。考生在复习时要随手查阅英汉双解辞典,一方面要明确词的确切含义,另一方面要注意词的搭配关系。

4.A ________of the long report by the budget committee was submitted to the mayor for approval.

A.shorthand  B.scheme  C.schedule  D.sketch

【答案】D

【解析】sketch意为“要点,概要”。

注意:本题考查形似易混淆词。

考点二:动词

5.As a defence against air-pollution damage,many plants and animals ________a sub-stance to absorb harmful chemicals.

A.relieve  B.release  C.dismiss  D.discard

【答案】B

【解析】release(=set free)意为“释放”。

6.In that country,guests tend to feel they are not highly ________if the invitation to a dinner party is extended only three or four days before the party date.

A.admired  B.regarded  C.expected  D.worshipped

【答案】B

【解析】regard sb./sth.highly意为“尊重(某人),重视(某事)”。

例如:His work is highly regarded by other painters.

其他画家对他的作品评价很高。

We all regard him highly.

我们大家都很尊重他。

注意:考博英语经常考查动词的一些常用搭配,考生在复习词汇时,除了应掌握它们的第一词义外,还应掌握其他词义,其范围应以词汇总表所给词义为准。

7.John complained to the book seller that there were several pages ________in the dictionary.

A.missing  B.losing  C.dropping  D.leaking

【答案】A

【解析】missing意为“丢失的,缺少的”。考生应注意近义词的辨析。

8.It is strictly ________that access to confidential documents is denied to all but a few.

A.secured  B.forbidden  C.regulated  D.determined

【答案】C

【解析】regulated在本题中意为“控制,规定”,而不是“调整,调节”。本题译文:严格规定:除少数几个人以外,其他所有人都不准接触机密文件。

注意:从上述两题中可以看出,近几年的词汇试题对考生近义词的辨别能力提出了很高的要求。因此考生复习时既要掌握词的确切词义,又要注意其搭配关系。

9.To survive in the intense trade competition between countries,we must________ the qualities and varieties of products we make to the world-market demand.

A.improve  B.enhance  C.guarantee  D.gear

【答案】D

【解析】gear..to..意为“使……适合”。

注意:词汇的选择既要看搭配关系,又要使所选词的词义与全句在逻辑上保持一致,这是一条很重要的解题原则。

考点三:动词短语

10.If any man here does not agree with me,he should ________his own plan for improving the living conditions of these people.

A.put on  B.put out  C.put in  D.put forward

【答案】D

【解析】put forward sth.意为“提出……”。

11.The news item about the fire is followed by a detailed report made________.

A.on the spot  B.on the site  C.on the location  D.on the ground

【答案】A

【解析】on the spot意为“当场,在现场”。这道题实际上是考查固定短语。这里的固定短语一般指介词与名词的惯用搭配。试题的命题方式有两种:一种方式是把介词放在题干里,四个选择项均为名词。这类题表面看来是考查名词,但实际上是考查固定短语。另一种方式是选择项为四个意义不同的固定短语,要求考生根据题意进行选择判断。

12.The farmers were more anxious for rain than the people in the city because they had more at________.

A.danger  B.stake  C.loss  D.threat

【答案】B

【解析】at stake意为“利害攸关”。本题译文:农民比城里人更渴望下雨,因为雨水对他们而言是至关重要的。

13.The supervisor didn’t have time so far to go into it________,but he gave us an idea about his plan.

A.at hand  B.in turn  C.in conclusion  D.at length

【答案】D

【解析】at length意为“详细地”;at hand意为“在手边,在附近”;in turn意为“依次”;in conclusion意为“最后,总之”。

14.The pollution question,as well as several other issues,is going to be discussed when the congress is in ________again next spring.

A.assembly  B.session  C.conference  D.convention

【答案】B

【解析】be in session意为“(正在)开会”。

15.The discussion was so prolonged and exhausting that ________the speakers stopped for refreshments.

A.at large  B.at intervals  C.at ease  D.at random

【答案】B

【解析】at intervals意为“不时,时时”;at large意为“一般地,普遍地,逍遥自在地”;at ease意为“安逸”;at random意为“随机地,任意地”。

考点四:形容词

16.As your instructor advised,you ought to spend your time on something________ researching into.

A.precious  B.worth  C.worthy  D.valuable

【答案】B

【解析】(be)worth doing意为“值得做”。例如:The book is worth reading.这书值得一读。

17.We should always keep in mind that ________decisions often lead to bitter regrets.

A.urgent  B.hasty  C.instant  D.prompt

【答案】B

【解析】hasty意为“匆忙的,仓促的,草率的”。

18.I never trusted him because I always thought of him as such a ________character.

A.gracious  B.suspicious  C.unique  D.particular

【答案】B

【解析】suspicious意为“可疑的”。但suspicious作表语时,意为“可疑的,疑心的”,后常接介词of。例如:The dog is suspicious of strangers.那狗对陌生人怀有戒心。

考点五:副词

19.While typing,Helen has a habit of stopping ________to give her long and flowing hair a smooth.

A.occasionally  B.simultaneously  C.eventually  D.promptly

【答案】A

【解析】occasionally(=now and then,at times)意为“偶然地,间或”。

20.Your advice would be ________valuable to him,who is at present at his wit’s end.

A.exceedingly  B.excessively  C.extensively  D.exclusively

【答案】A

【解析】exceedingly意为“非常”;excessively意为“过分地”;extensively意为“广泛地”;exclusively意为“只是”。

注意:at one’s wit’s end意为“智穷计尽”。

21.Language,culture,and personality maybe considered ________of each other in thought,but they are inseparable in fact.

A.indistinctly  B.separately  C.irrelevantly  D.independently

【答案】D

【解析】independently of意为“独立地”。本题译文:人们认为语言、文化个性在思想上是相互独立的,但实际上它们是不可分割的。

二、考博英语词汇复习建议

在词汇复习中,考生应该注意以下几点:

1.近义词的辨析。如damage、break、destroy、ruin,wound、injure、hurt,deliberately、on purpose,comply with、conform to,agree、consent、approve等。

2.习惯用语的含义和用法。如without question(二话不说地)、beyond question(毫无疑问)、out of the question(不可能),in brief(简短地,总之)、in short(总之),first of all(首先)、above all(最重要的),on the other hand(另一方面)、on the contrary(相反),not to speak of(更不用说)、to say nothing of(更谈不上)、not to mention、let alone、much less等。

3.词汇的搭配。如动词与介词:accuse sb.of sth.(控告……犯有……)、object to sth.or doing sth.。动词与副词:take sth.seriously(重视)。形容词与名词:common flowers。形容词与介词:superior to。介词与形容词或名词所构成的固定搭配:in brief(简短地)、on one’s own(独自地,独立地)、in relation to(与某人/某事有关)。动词与名词构成的短语:take pains(尽力,煞费苦心)。

4.易混淆词的区别。如considerate(体贴人的)、considerable(相当大的);respectful(充满敬意的)、respectable(品格高尚的)、respective(各自的)、respected(尊敬的);snatch(攫取)、scratch(抓、搔);alone(单独)、lonely(孤独地)等。

下面总结了考博英语中易混淆的词汇,供考生复习时参考。

(一)同义、近义形容词和副词辨析

1.continuous,continual

continuous意为“不间断的,连续的”。

continual意为“频繁的,不时的,有间隔的”。

The continuous hot weather is oppressive.

这持续的炎热天气使人难以忍受。

Continual interruptions distracted him from his work.

不断的干扰使他无法专心工作。

2.respectful,respectable,respective

respectful意为“尊敬的,有礼貌的”。

respectable意为“令人尊敬的,高尚的”。

respective意为“各个的,各自的”。

The respectable old gentleman has contributed a lot to the building of his hometown.

那位令人尊敬的老人为家乡的建设做出了很大的贡献。

A respectable man is respectful towards others.

令人尊敬的人对他人很尊敬。

The delegates went back to their respective rooms after the meeting.

会后代表们分别回到各自的房间。

3.sensible,sensitive

sensible意为“明智的,可察觉的”。

sensitive意为“敏感的,易受影响的”。

It is sensible of him to seize the opportunity.

他明智地抓住了机会。

A sensitive woman is quick at understanding.

敏感的女人领悟得很快。

My skin is sensitive to cold.

我的皮肤对寒冷很敏感。

4.worthy,worth,worthwhile

worth作表语时,表示“值得的”。

worthy作定语时,表示“有价值的,可敬的”;但后面接of时,也可作表语。

worthwhile意为“……是值得的”。

He is a worthy man.

他是一位高尚的人。

The man is worthy of his name.

这个男人名不虚传。

The film is worth going to see.

这部电影值得去看。

It is worthwhile reading the novel.

这是本值得一读的小说。

5.alive,live,living

alive意为“活的,在世的,活跃的,充满的,注意到的”,作表语或后置定语。

live意为“活的,重要的,大家关心的,现场转播的”,作前置定语。

living意为“活着的,现世的,当今的,一模一样的,现存的”,作定语或表语。

Who is the greatest writer alive?

谁是当代最伟大的作家?

He caught a live fish bare-handed.

他徒手捉住一条活鱼。

She is the living image of her mother.

她活像她母亲年轻时的样子。

6.altogether,all together

altogether意为“完整或总的来说”。

all together意为“一起或总共”。

I was not altogether satisfied.

我不完全满意。

All together fifty people registered.

总共有50个人登记。

7.able,capable

able意为“能,有能力的”,可作定语或表语,作表语时后接不定式。

capable意为“能,有能力的”,可作定语或表语,作表语时,后接of+名词或动名词

He is able to solve many difficult problems in study.

他能够解决学习中遇到的很多难题。

The boy is capable of learning at least 20characters a day.

这个男孩一天至少能够学20个字。

8.accurate,correct,exact,precise

accurate意为“准确的,精确的”,表示“准确无误”。

correct意为“正确的,恰当的”。

exact强调“照原样不加改动”。

precise侧重于微小细节方面的高度准确,即精确度很高。

Clocks in railway stations should be accurate.

火车站的钟应该是准确的。

His answer to the question is correct.

他对问题的回答是正确的。

Give me his exact words.

告诉我他究竟说了什么。

They made precise measurements.

他们进行了精确的测量。

9.scarce,rare

scarce意为“缺乏的,不足的”。

rare意为“稀有的,难得的,珍奇的”。

Water is scarce in the desert.

沙漠中缺水。

The panda is now a rare animal.

熊猫现在是稀有动物。

10.effective,efficient

effective意为“有效的,产生预期结果的”,可用于人或物。

efficient意为“效率高的,有能力的”,可用于人或物,强调高效率和高性能。

The government should adopt effective measures to reduce unemployment.

政府应采取有效的措施来减少失业。

The old man used to be an effective speaker.

这位老人过去是一位能打动听众的演讲者。

A lawyer needs an efficient secretary.

律师需要工作效率高的秘书。

Our efficient new machines are much more cheaper to run.

我们所买的高效机器运转消耗要小得多。

11.economic,economical

economic意为“经济学的,与经济有关的”。

economical意为“节俭的,节约的”。

United Nations intend to apply economic sanctions in order to urge the ceasefire.

为促使停火,联合国打算实施经济制裁。

She has to be very economical because she hasn’t much money.

她不得不节俭,因为她的钱不多了。

12.individual,personal,private

individual意为“单独的,个别的,个人的,独特的”。

personal意为“个人的,亲自的”。

private意为“私人的,私有的,不公开的”。

It is difficult for a teacher to give individual attention to children in a large class.

对老师来说,在大班里很难关注个别的孩子。

The Prime Minister made a personal appearance at the meeting.

首相亲临会议

I’d like to have a private chat with you.

我想和你进行一次私人谈话。

(二)同义、近义动词辨析

1.lay(laid,laid),lie(lay,lain)

lie意为“躺,位于”,属于不及物动词。

lay意为“放,放置”。

The university lies in the east of the city.

这所大学位于城市的东部。

It’s Sunday.Many people are lying on the grass in the garden enjoying the sun while some workers are busy laying bricks across the river.

今天是星期天,很多人躺在公园的草地上享受阳光,而一些工人正在河对岸忙着砌砖。

He laid his books on the desk and went out.

他把书放在桌上,然后出去了。

2.arise,rise,raise

arise意为“出现,发生,兴起”,不及物动词。

rise意为“上升,起身”,属于不及物动词。

raise意为“举起,提高,唤起,饲养”,属于及物动词。

Many problems arose as a result of the use of a new fuel.

新燃料的使用引发了很多问题。

He rose from his seat and embraced the young man.

他从座位上站起来并拥抱了这位年轻人。

He raised the box without any effort.

他不费劲地举起了箱子。

3.affect,effect

affect意为“影响,触及,感到,侵袭”。

effect意为“实现,带来,产生,促成”。

She was deeply affected by her mother’s death.

母亲过世这件事对她的影响很大。

The reform has effected great changes in China.

改革给中国带来了巨大的变化。

但effect作名词时,意为“影响”。

4.assure,ensure,insure

assure意为“使……相信,使……放心”,固定搭配是assure sb.of sth.或assure sb.that。

ensure意为“保证”,其结构为ensure sth.或ensure that从句

insure意为“保险,投保”。

He assured us of Tom’s ability to do the job.

他向我们保证汤姆有能力去做这项工作。

We can ensure his safety.

我们可以保证他的安全。

I ensure that the work shall be finished on time.

我保证这项工作将会按时完成。

We insured the goods against War Risks.

我们给货物投保了战争险。

5.arouse,rouse

arouse意为“引起,唤起”,常跟一个抽象名词作宾语。

rouse意为“唤醒,激发”。

The man’s strange behavior aroused suspicion in the policeman’s mind.

这个男人奇怪的行为引起了警察的怀疑。

The noise roused me out of a sound sleep.

噪音将我从酣睡中吵醒。

6.replace,substitute

replace意为“代替”,属于及物动词,其搭配结构为replace+宾语+by。

substitute意为“代替”,属于及物或不及物动词,其搭配结构为substitute+(宾语)+for。

They substituted red balls for blue balls to see if the baby would notice.

他们用红色球代替蓝色球看看婴儿是否注意到了这一点。

They replaced blue balls by red balls to see if the baby would notice.

他们用红色球代替蓝色球看看婴儿是否注意到了这一点。

7.remember,remind,recall

remember意为“记得,记住”,所记起的是以前知道或经历过的事情,通常指无意中记起。

remind意为“提醒某人注意,使……想起了”,结构为remind sb.to do sth.,remind sb.that从句。

recall意为“回想起,回忆起”,表示一种有意识的回想。

I remember seeing that woman once.

我记得见过那个女人一次。

The picture reminds her of the village where she once spent her holidays.

这张照片使她想起了她曾度假的那个村庄。

I don’t recall what he had said at the meeting.

我想不起来他在会上说了些什么。

8.contract,condense,compress,compact

contract意为“(使)缩小,缩短”。

condense意为“浓缩,凝结”。

compress意为“挤压,压缩”。

compact意为“将(某物)紧压在一起”。

Metals contract as they get cooler.

金属遇冷则收缩。

If steam touches cold surfaces,it condenses into water.

如果蒸汽接触冷的物体表面,它就会凝结成水。

Wood cuttings and saw dust can be compressed into boards.

木屑和锯末可压制成板。

Cars have compacted snow until it was like ice.

汽车压着积雪,直至成了冰。

9.wound,injure,hurt,harm

wound意为“伤,创伤”,指利器或子弹对肉体造成伤害。

injure通常指偶然事故对人体健康、机能等造成伤害、损害,有时也可指对人的声誉、感情等造成伤害。

hurt指在肉体上或精神上造成伴有痛苦的伤害。

harm多指在精神上造成痛苦和伤害,但是仅引起不便或不安,程度不及hurt。

Thirty soldiers were wounded in the battle.

在战斗中30名士兵受伤了。

He must have injured his ankle when he jumped from the tree.

当他从树上跳下来时,他肯定伤到踝骨了。

His words hurt her bitterly.

他的话深深地伤害了她。

It wouldn’t harm you to work a little harder.

工作努力点对你没害处。

10.damage,destroy

damage指直接对外观、价值、使用性和完好性造成的损害。

destroy指十分彻底地破坏,常含有不能或很难修复的意思。

Many buildings were badly damaged during the war.

战争期间,很多建筑物遭到了严重的毁坏。

The building was completely destroyed by the fire.

这座建筑物彻底被大火烧毁了。

11.decline,refuse,reject

decline意为“婉言谢绝”,后面可接名词或不定式。

refuse属于普通用词,意为“不接受,不同意”,后面可接名词或不定式。

reject意为“拒不接受,断然拒绝,驳回”,后接名词。

She declined to have lunch with her friend,saying that she wasn’t feeling well.

她说她身体不舒服,婉拒了与朋友共进午餐。

They declined further comment on the proposal.

他们没有对这个建议作进一步的评价。

I refused his offer of money.

我拒绝接受他提供的钱。

They rejected his application for membership.

他们拒绝了他申请成为会员的要求。

12.deny,deprive

deny意为“拒绝给予,不给予”时,后面多跟双宾语;意为“否认,否定”时,后可跟名词、代词、动名词或从句。

deprive意为“剥夺,使得不到”,用于deprive sb.of sth.结构中,常用于被动态。

He denied the students a chance to speak.

他不给学生们讲话的机会。

The Negroes were deprived of equal educational opportunities.

黑人被剥夺了同等受教育的机会。

13.disappear,fade,vanish

disappear属于常用词,意为“消失,失踪”。

fade意为“慢慢消失或逝去”;也意为“褪色,凋落,衰弱”。

vanish意为“突然完全消失”。

The sun disappeared below the horizon.

太阳消失在地平线下面。

All memory of her childhood has faded from her mind.

她对童年的一切记忆逐渐从脑海中消逝了。

The thin mysterious woman passenger vanished.

那位又瘦又神秘的女乘客不见了。

14.ignore,neglect,overlook

ignore意为“有意地对某人或某事拒绝考虑”,其宾语一般是名词或代词。

neglect意为“有意或无意地由于不在乎、不喜欢或粗心所造成的‘疏忽’”,其宾语可以是名词、代词、动名词或不定式。

overlook意为“无意间所造成的‘忽视’或‘漏看’”,其宾语是名词、代词或动名词。

They ignored our warning.

他们不听我们的警告。

They are so diligent in their study that they neglect their meals.

他们学习勤奋,以至于忘了吃饭。

In a hurry she overlooked a paragraph in the letter.

匆忙中她没看信中的一段。

How could you overlook paying the rent?

你怎么会忘了付房租?

15.charge,accuse

charge意为“指控,尤指在法庭上控告某人”,与with短语连用。

accuse属于常用词,意为“指责某人有错、犯罪或犯法,指控”,与of短语连用。

He was charged by the police with breaking the law.

他因违法而受到警察的指控。

He accused the senator of accepting a bribe.

他指控参议员受贿。

The police accused him of murder.

警察指控他谋杀。

16.contain,include,involve

contain意为“包含,含有”,指一个整体内包含一些不同的事物,侧重点在整体。

include表示所列举内容是整体的组成部分或整体,侧重点在附属特征。

involve强调涉及某一方面或兼有补充说明的作用。

It is a long document containing 26separate articles.

这份文件很长,包括26项不同的条款。

The price includes both house and furniture.

这个价钱包括房子和家具。

The plan involves the cooperation of both young and old.

这个计划需要老人和年轻人的共同合作。

(三)同义、近义名词辨析

1.shade/shadow

shade意为“荫,阴凉处”,相对于“热”而言。

shadow意为“阴影,影子”,相对于“光”而言。

I feel hot.Let’s sit down in the shade of that tree.

我感到很热,我们坐在树荫下吧。

Shadows are longer when the sun is low in the sky.

太阳很低时,物体的影子就很长。

2.mood/temper

mood意为“心境,情绪(暂时性的)”。

temper意为“脾气,性情(永久的)”。

He’s always in a bad mood on Mondays.

他在星期天时总是心情不好。

He has a quick temper.

他脾气不好。

3.habit,custom,routine,practice

habit意为“习惯”,指一个人因长期或多次重复而形成的习惯。

custom意为“习俗,风俗”,指某一社团或社会的人在某些特定场合下总是要做的事情。

routine意为“固定而有规律性的程序,常规,例行公事”。

practice意为“惯例,常规”,也可指一个人根据某种信仰或理论培养成的做法。

He has the irritating habit of smoking after meals.

他有饭后吸烟这个令人讨厌的习惯。

It is difficult to get used to another country’s customs.

适应其他国家的风俗是很难的。

She found it difficult to establish a new routine after retirement.

她发现退休后很难养成新的生活规律。

It is accepted practice to pay a deposit with one’s order.

在预订时交付定金是普遍遵守的惯例。

It is my practice to rise early.

我习惯于早起。

4.product,produce,production

product意为“产品,产物(自然的或人工的)”。

produce意为“产品(尤指农产品)”。

production意为“制造,生产,产量”。

They must have new markets for their products.

他们必须开发新的产品市场。

The plan was the product of many hours of careful thought.

这个计划是多小时精心思考的结果。

The farmers brought their produce to town early each Saturday morning.

每到星期六,农民们大清早就把农产品带到城里。

Production of the new aircraft will start next year.

明年开始制造新型的飞机。

During the crisis years the production of coal declined 41.7percent.

经济危机期间煤产量降低了41.7%。

5.property,estate,fortune

property意为“所有权,财产,资产”。

estate意为“地产,个人财产,尤指遗产”。

fortune意为“财产,大笔的钱,巨款”。

He owns a great deal of property.

他拥有很多财产。

He owns some extremely valuable properties in the center of London.

他在伦敦市中心拥有价值极高的房地产。

His country estate includes a large forest.

他在乡下的产业包括一大片树林。

He left an estate of over a million dollars to be divided among his children.

他留下100多万美元的财产由孩子们瓜分。

He has accumulated a fortune in diamonds and pearls.

他积攒了大量的钻石和珍珠。

6.revenue,income,salary,wages,pay,fee

revenue意为“财政收入,税收”。

income意为“收入(工作所得或投资收益)”。

salary意为“(专业人员和在办公室工作的人领取的)薪水”,按月支付,常直接打入领取者的银行账户内。

wage意为“(体力劳动者领取的)工资”,通常按周发放,为现金。

pay意为“雇主定期发放的工资”。

fee意为“付给律师、医生、会计师等的报酬”。

The government’s revenue is made up chiefly of the money we pay in taxes.

政府收入的主要来源是我们所交的税。

His income runs into six figures.

他的收入达到六位数。

The company is offering a salary of$20 000 a year.

这家公司所付的年薪是2万美元。

A postman’s wages are$180per week.

邮递员的工资是每周180美元。

He doesn’t like the job,but the pay is good.

他不喜欢这份工作,但工资很高。

The doctor’s fee was higher than we expected.

这位医生的收费比我们预料的高。

7.allowance,admission,permit,permission

allowance意为“津贴,补助”。

admission意为“进入或获准进入(某建筑物、社团、学校等);公共场所入场费”。

permit意为“许可证,(尤指)通行证”,属于可数名词。

permission意为“允许,准许”,属于不可数名词。

He has an allowance from the government for travelling expenses.

他有政府的旅费津贴。

Admission by ticket only.

凭票入场。

You cannot enter a military base without a permit.

无通行证者不得擅入军事基地。

They entered the area without permission.

他们未经许可擅入该地。

8.benefit,profit,interest

benefit意为“利益,实惠,好处”,可以是物质上的或精神上的,常与介词from/to搭配使用。

profit意为“利润,好处”,多指物质或金钱的收益。

interest表示利息时,用单数形式,后跟介词on;当表示利益、好处时,多用复数形式。

Did you get much benefit from your holidays?

你在假期中获益很多吗?

Taking hunting trip to the south was of much benefit to his health.

去南方狩猎旅行对他的健康很有益。

The college is not operated for profit.

这所大学是非营利性质的。

The interest on this loan is 8%.

这笔贷款利率是8%。

All the upper classes have the same interests to protect.

所有上等阶级都有需要保护的相同利益。

9.award,reward,prize

award意为“奖,奖品,奖状”,指由于成绩优异或贡献卓越由政府或组织正式授予的奖励。

reward意为“奖金,奖赏,报答,报酬”,表示因他人的服务或帮助而给予报酬或者奖赏。

His painting was given the highest award.

他的画得到了最高奖。

The promotion was the reward for his hard work.

晋升是对他努力工作的回报。

(四)音似、形似词辨析

1.adapt,adopt

adapt意为“使适应,改写”。

adopt意为“采取(态度,方法),采纳,收养”。

The committee has adopted your suggestion and will have the novel adapted for a film.

委员会已经采纳了你的建议,准备将这本小说改编成电影。

He adapted himself to his new life.

他适应了新的生活。

2.accomplish,complete,finish,fulfill

accomplish常表示成功地达到预期目的,多与goal、aim、purpose、task等词连用。

complete通常指完成具体的事物。

finish意为“完成应做的事”。

fulfill意为“把它付诸实践,通常指履行诺言、责任等”。

Our art workers must accomplish this task.

我们的艺术工作者一定要完成这个任务。

The railway is not completed yet.

铁路还没建完。

The ground-work will soon be finished.

基础工程不久就要完成了。

He fulfilled his promise.

他实现了他的诺言。

3.release,announce,declare,proclaim

release意为“解放,释放”。

announce意为“宣布,宣告”,常表示公开的、正式的。

declare意为“宣布,宣告”,指正式负责地向人们“宣布”某事,公开地表明态度,说明真相。

proclaim意为“宣布,公布”,指官方向公众宣布一些重大事件。

It has been announced that the National People’s Congress will soon be held in Beijing.

据宣布人民代表大会很快将在北京召开。

We declare war on the old world.

我们向旧世界宣战。

The president proclaimed an emergency.

总统宣布进入紧急状态。

4.pace,speed,rhythm,ratio

pace意为“走或跑的速度,一步的距离或生活节奏”。

speed意为“速度,速率”。

rate意为“速度,百分比”。

ratio意为“比例,比率”。

rhythm意为“韵律,节奏”。

Deer can run at the rate of 100miles an hour.

鹿每小时能跑100英里。

The ratios 1to 5and 20to 100are the same.

1与5的比值和20与100的比值相等。

It is dangerous to drive at a high speed.

高速驾驶是危险的。

He finds it hard to keep pace with all the developments in nuclear physics.

他发现很难赶上核物理学的发展。

He played in quick rhythm.

他用快节拍来演奏。

5.extend,expand,enlarge

extend意为“扩充,伸长”,指空间范围等的扩大,长度、宽度的延伸及时间的延长。

expand意为“扩大,使膨胀”,指范围、体积扩大。

enlarge指面积、体积和范围的扩大以及能力的增长,不能用来指重量、速度、时间等。

We hope to enlarge this factory and make it self-supporting.

我们希望扩大厂房,并使之自力更生。

We are extending our premises.

我们扩大了事务所。

Metals expand when they are heated.

金属受热膨胀。

6.process,procedure,course

process意为“进程,过程”。

procedure意为“程度,步骤,手续”。

course意为“(时间等的)进行,经过,趋势”。

Heat will hasten the process of decay in foods.

高温会加快食物腐败的速度。

We’ll unify our thinking in the course of our practice.

我们将在实践的过程中统一思想。

He is familiar with export procedures.

他对出口的程序很熟悉。

7.attribute,contribute,distribute

attribute意为“认为某事物属于某人或某事物”,常用于attribute sth.to sb./sth.的结构。

contribute意为“捐助,捐赠,贡献”,常与介词to连用。

distribute意为“分配,分发”,与among或to连用。

She attributes her success to hard work and a bit of luck.

她将成功归因于工作努力和一点运气。

The Song Dynasty contributed three great inventions to world civilization.

宋朝的三大发明对世界文明做出了贡献。

The teacher distributed the examination papers to the class.

老师将试卷发给学生们。

8.accident,incident

accident意为“事故,故障,不幸,意外”。

incident意为“发生的小事情”,也可以指军事冲突。

His father and mother were killed in a traffic accident.

他的父母死于一次交通事故。

He resolved never to tell anyone about the incident.

他决定永远都不会把这件事告诉任何人。

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