费里茨博士是密苏里新闻学院负责国际交流的老师，是我访学密苏里时的“顶头上司”。也正是因为这个原因，我才敢斗胆向他提出了相关问题，而他则可能是出于学院发展战略的需要，不折不扣地满足了我的要求。近年来，密苏里新闻学院与中国新闻院系的合作越来越多，来他们这里访学、读书的中国人越来越多。中国学生、学者这个大市场对他们来讲，具有实实在在的无法抗拒的诱惑。费里茨的回答有详有略，虽然是他自己的观点，但不少内容是有共性的，是可以共享的。下面是问答的题目和具体的问答内容。
【原文】
The Empirical Study on Modern Journalism Education of MissouriSchool of Journalism（MSJ）（Tentative）
1.Brief introduction of the history of MSJ education development
Founding Dean Walter Williams of MSJ opened the world’s first school of journalism，and by the end of the day，students and faculty editors had published the University Missourian.The beginning was marked by many firsts，including the first female graduate，international graduate and Journalism Week.Above all，the pioneering students and faculty proved that the Missouri Method of hands-on journalism education worked and was here to stay.
The 1920s were years of prosperity.For the School，a vivid sign of the“Roaring Twenties”culture that swept the nation.The new Jay H.Neff Hall provided the growing student body with new press and classroom technology.Additionally，an extensive curriculum，a solid core of successful alumni and a world-renowned reputation highlighted the School’s exit from an experimental stage into one of abundant growth and prominence.
1940—1949，the School survived World War Ⅱ.
With a drop in enrollment，no graduate programs and an accelerated curriculum that sent students out into a world that needed them.Near war’s end，the photojournalism program flourished，and advances in technology and the curriculum produced students with new skills in radio，public relations and facsimile news transmission.
As the nation emerged from the effects of war，the School enjoyed a decade of innovation in the 1950s.KOMU-TV revolutionized broadcast journalism training just before the School celebrated its 50th anniversary.A National Press Club ceremony，the Freedom of Information Center dedicationand the World Press Congress were highlights of the School’s golden year.
In the new millenium，a record-setting gift funded the Reynolds Journalism Institute，a world-class center for researching and testing new models of journalism.Convergence journalism became the first new emphasis area in 50 years.Mojo Ad joined the School’s other hands-on labs as the training ground for strategic communication students.Other new partnerships made the School a nucleus of innovation.
2.The application of professional education in modem MSJ journalism education
3.Modern interpretations for the principles of MSJ journalism education—the best way to learn about journalism is to practice them
Today，some of the best journalists in the world have learned their profession through the Missouri Method，which provides practical hands-on training in real-world news media and a strategic communication agency.Top editors，reporters and other executives say Missouri graduates are among the best prepared to work and contribute to the organization from their first day on the job.
From the beginning，Williams envisioned a school of journalism that would positively influence the quality of journalism and advertising worldwide.Each year，Missouri students win national contests that demonstrate conclusively just how much they have learned.Each year，the alumni win major national and international competitions，further illustrating the value of a Missouri journalism degree.Indeed，our alumni can be found in newsrooms and corporate boardrooms of media companies and advertising and public relations agencies around the globe.
（1）Discovery on modern MSJ education
It includes the courses design，teaching methods，internship for undergraduate education ；the cultivation models for master and PhD students and the differences among the models，the interview with graduate students，the analysis and empirical study on professors and teaching materials，the education revolution and education ideas，the empirical study on MSJ and the study for the MSJ academic achievement.
（2）The regulation of MSJ education
（Please see the handbook for undergraduates，masters and PhDs.）
A renewed commitment to scholarship characterized the 1990s.With the addition of five endowed chairs，two prominent research centers and several six-figure grants，the School’s faculty and graduate students increased research productivity.Meanwhile，the International Programs office gained strength，and Missouri Journalism media ventured into new territory—the World Wide Web.
4.The empirical study for MSJ media convergence education（this is a new discipline with advantages）
Please refer to the following articles：
Beyond the byline：the diffusion of convergence curriculum at journalism schools/by Yvette Walker.Examining media convergence ：does it also converge good journalism，economic synergies，and competitive advantages/ by Yuyan Ernest Zhang.
The development of the international programs of MSJ journalism education and the internationalization of the journalism education（how could they conduct the international programs？ What’s the standard and paths for the internationalization of the MSJ journalism education？ Please give a brief introduction of the China’s program）
The school’s commitment to international education began with its founder，Walter Williams.Before founding the Missouri School of Journalism，Williams earned international recognition as publicity superintendent of the first World’s Press Congress at the 1904 World’s Fair in St.Louis.During his illustrious career，Williams presided over gatherings of the Press Congress of the World in Switzerland，Washington D.C.，Hawaii and Mexico.He traveled the world planting seeds of journalism education，especially in Asia.
The International Programs Office at the Missouri School of Journalism was created in 1994 to manage the diverse array of international activity taking place within the school.The programs seek to meet the following goals ：
·to provide students and faculty with international journalism experience；
·to train and develop journalists from different countries；
·to strengthen journalism education around the world；
·to facilitate research on international media.
Today，the school works regularly on training programs with media organizations and on curriculum development projects with educational institutions.More than one-third of its faculty has traveled overseas in the past year to conduct training，present research or work directly with faculty colleagues at other universities.
The Missouri School of Journalism offers an increasing number of options for students who wish to study abroad.Missouri School of Journalism undergraduate students can earn journalism selective credit while spending a semester abroad.In practical terms，this means that students need not prolong their college experience to study abroad.
The public media of MSJ facing to the society（seven kinds of media，MSJ is in charge of them and provides a platform for students to practice，for sharing the management experiences and for public communication）
（1）The Missourian is a Web-first publication that was founded in 1908 as a community newspaper.It regularly beats out the St.Louis Post-Dispatch，Kansas City Star and Columbia Tribune for state journalism awards.Many of its alumni now write for leading newspapers，magazines and websites.Others are working as photographers，designers，graphic artists，copy editors，Web developers，etc.
As journalism has changed，so has the Missourian.Although its print edition publishes five days a week，the Missourian family of publications is a 24/7 operation.The new digital tools of our age allow students to work with a completely new model.Digital is the language of the present，and the Missourian’s mission is to prepare tomorrow’s leaders in journalism.
（2）The magazine for the international news business，Global Journalist is published by the School of Journalism.The magazine’s audience is journalists around the world，and its mission is to report on the state of press freedom worldwide，to cover developments in international journalism and to serve international journalists.
（3）KBIA-FM is owned by the University of Missouri and is one of the most successful public radio stations in the nation.Radio-television and convergence journalism students cover events，write stories and air newscasts on KBIA.Students work under the direction of faculty members who are professional broadcasters.KBIA is an NPR-member station and carries programming from Public Radio International and other providers.
（4）KOMU is the only university-owned commercial television station in the United States that uses its newsroom as a working lab for students.Recognized throughout the journalism profession as the premiere training ground for television reporters and producers，KOMU’s newsroom creates a real-life lab experience for students attending the Missouri School of Journalism.While KOMU strives to bring the best education to its students，the news station also works to bring Mid-Missouri the best news coverage and has received numerous awards.Journalism students working at KOMU use state-of-the-art equipment，a new all-digital control room and multiple live-remote trucks.
（5）Missouri Digital News is the school’s first converged newsroom.Newspaper，broadcast and new media students work together covering state government and political issues from MDN’s statehouse office.In addition to MDN’s online service to the public（http://www.mdn.org），MDN distributes stories to a variety of newspaper and broadcast outlets across the state.The Missouri Press Association，Missouri Broadcasters Association，KMOX Radio and KSMU Radio provide support for MDN’s services.
（6）MOJO Ad is the premier student-staffed professional-services advertising agency in the country.The lab offers real-life work experience to students attending the Missouri School of Journalism.With our specialization in all things young，MOJO Ad works with local，regional and national clients whose brands target teens and young adults.
（7）VOX blends Columbia’s urban mentality and hometown familiarity into a smart，small-city tabloid.The magazine profiles the human condition，exposes local culture and provides reviews，tips and trends that tell readers what’s happening and where to be.With an ear to the underground and aneye out for the unique，VOX brings mid-Missourians an analysis and reflection of contemporary issues with useful and provocative articles.The magazine is distributed in the Thursday edition of the Columbia Missourian and can be picked up at drop locations around town and on all three college campuses.Its total circulation is 15，000.VOX has been recognized by the Association for Education in Journalism and Mass Communication as an award winner in its student magazine contest for the past several years in the areas of investigation and analysis，profile writing and design.
Through the study on the Pulitzer Award winners to see the formation of talent cultivation for MSJ education（a lot of winners of American journalism awards have the MSJ education background）
The never outdated Journalists Creeds（Walter Williams not only launched the first journalism school in the world but also wrote the Journalist Creeds，which is the principle shared by all journalist in US and even in the whole world）
（1）I believe in the profession of journalism.
（2）I believe that the public journal is a public trust；that all connected with it are，to the full measure of their responsibility，trustees for the public ；that acceptance of a lesser service than the public service is betrayal of this trust.
（3）I believe that clear thinking and clear statement，accuracy and fairness are fundamental to good journalism.
（4）I believe that a journalist should write only what he holds in his heart to be true.
（5）I believe that no one should write as a journalist what he would not say as a gentleman；that bribery by one’s own pocketbook is as much to be avoided as bribery by the pocketbook of another；that individual responsibility may not be escaped by pleading another’s instructions or another’s dividends.
（6）I believe that suppression of the news，for any consideration other than the welfare of society，is indefensible.
（7）I believe that advertising，news and editorial columns should alikeserve the best interests of readers; that a single standard of helpful truth and cleanness should prevail for all; that the supreme test of good journalism is the measure of its public service.
(8)I believe that the journalism which succeeds best-and best deserves success-fears God and honors Man; is stoutly independent, unmoved by pride of opinion or greed of power, constructive, tolerant but never careless, self-controlled, patient, always respectful of its readers but always unafraid, is quickly indignant at injustice; is unswayed by the appeal of privilege or the clamor of the mob ; seeks to give every man a chance and, as far as law and honest wage and recognition of human brotherhood can make it so, an equal chance; is profoundly patriotic while sincerely promoting international good will and cementing world-comradeship; is a journalism of humanity, of and for today's world.
The journalism which succeeds best-and best deserves success-fears God and honors Man：
(1)The promotion of MSJ journalism school award and MSJ spirit;
(2)The introduction of the representative achievements and teaching material, and the interview with professors;
(3)The organization, channels and methods for the MSJ brand building(The MSJ branding includes self-image design and maintain a great achievement; it displays its advantages in the communication world)
(4)The flaws or setbacks of MSJ journalism education.
【译文】
密苏里新闻学院（MSJ）现代新闻教育实证研究（暂定）
1.MSJ教育发展史简介
密苏里新闻学院创始院长沃尔特·威廉姆斯创办了世界上第一所新闻院校，在这一天结束的时候，学生和教师编辑出版了期刊Univer-sity Missourian。这个开始标志着许多个第一，包括第一名女研究生、第一位国际研究生和第一份新闻周刊。最重要的是，这些先驱性的学生和教员证明了密苏里方法的可行性。新闻教育的工作在这里得到了保留。
20世纪20年代，密苏里持续了多年的繁荣。“咆哮的二十年代”文化作为学校的形象标志风靡全美。Jay H.Neff Hall提供给越来越多的学生团体新媒体以及课堂技术。此外，庞大的课程、成功的校友和享誉世界的名声点亮了学院的实验性阶段，让学院实现了巨大的成长，声誉卓著。
1940—1949年，密苏里学院在第二次世界大战中幸存。
随着招生减少，缺乏研究生项目以及加速课程，学校逐渐减少了世界所需人才的输送量。临近战争结束的时候，新闻摄影课程快速发展，随着技术的进步，学校培养的学生逐渐具有广播、公共关系以及传真技能等新素质。
在20世纪50年代，国家受到战争的影响，学院也开始了改革的十年。就在学院50周年校庆之前，KOMU-TV变革了广播新闻学的培训方式。在一个全国新闻俱乐部仪式上，自由信息中心以及世界新闻大会更是学校黄金时代的焦点。
在新的千年，作为史无前例的礼物，一个用于研究和测试新闻新模式的世界级新闻中心在雷诺兹新闻学院出现。融合新闻成为50年来的第一个新的重点领域。Mojo广告加入了学院的实践实验室行列，作为策略及传播专业的学生的训练场。其他新的伙伴关系使学院成为创新改革的中坚力量。
2.职业教育在现代MSJ新闻专业教育中的应用
3.MSJ新闻教育原则的现代阐释——了解新闻最好的方法就是实践
今天，世界上的一些最优秀的新闻工作者已通过运用“密苏里方法”来学习自己的专业，这种教育办法为现实媒体和策略传播机构中提供实用的实习培训。顶级编辑、记者以及其他媒体高管认为，密苏里的毕业生从工作的第一天开始，就已经做好为单位工作和做奉献的准备，而密苏里新闻学院的毕业生就属于最优秀毕业生的一部分。
从一开始，威廉姆斯就设想建立一所新闻学院，它可以对全世界新闻和广告的质量产生积极的影响。每年，密苏里的学生都可以赢得全国性比赛，这确实能证明他们是多么博学。每年，校友们都赢得主要的国家和国际比赛，这进一步说明了密苏里新闻学学位的价值。事实上，在世界各地的媒体公司、广告公司和公关机构的新闻编辑部和公司董事会，都可以看到我们的校友。
（1）探索现代MSJ教育
现代MSJ教育包括课程设计、教学方法、本科生教育实习，硕士研究生和博士研究生的培养模式以及培养模式之间的差异，采访研究生，针对教授和教材的分析和实证研究，教育革命和教育理念，MSJ实证研究和MSJ学业成绩研究。
（2）MSJ教育法规
（请参阅为本科生、硕士生和博士生定制的手册。）
新型奖学金体制成为1990年代密苏里的一个重要特征。随着另外五个席位的增加，两个杰出的研究中心和几个六位数的补助，让学院的教师和研究生提高了研究能力。与此同时，国际项目办公室的实力又提高了，密苏里新闻媒体冒险涉足新的领域——万维网。
4.MSJ媒体融合教育实证研究（这是一门具有优势的新兴学科）
请参考下面的文章：
Beyond the byline：the diffusion of convergence curriculum at journalism schools/by Yvette Walker.Examining media convergence：does it also converge good journalism，economic synergies，and competitive advantages/ by Yuyan Ernest Zhang.
MSJ新闻教育国际项目以及新闻教育国际化的发展（他们是如何操作这些国际项目的？MSJ新闻教育国际化的水平和路径是什么？请简要介绍中国项目。）
学校致力于国际教育始于其创始人沃尔特·威廉姆斯。在创办密苏里新闻学院之前，1904年，威廉姆斯胜任国际公认的世界上第一个出版社的宣传总监，出任地点在圣路易斯的首届世界新闻博览会。在他杰出的职业生涯中，威廉姆斯主持了瑞士、华盛顿哥伦比亚特区、夏威夷和墨西哥举办的国际国会新闻。他跑遍了整个世界，尤其是亚洲，去播撒新闻教育的种子。
密苏里新闻学院的国际项目办公室创建于1994年，主要职责是管理在学校范围内发生的多样化的国际活动。该项目旨在实现以下目标：
·给学生和老师提供国际新闻学经验；
·为不同国家训练和发展新闻工作者；
·在世界范围内加强新闻学教育；
·促进国际媒介研究。
现在，学院定期与媒介组织制订培训方案，并与教育机构制订课程开发项目。在过去一年中，有超过三分之一的教师已经走出国门进行培训、开展研究，或直接与其他大学的教职员工一起工作。
密苏里新闻学院为有意向去国外学习的学生提供了越来越多的选择。密苏里新闻学院的本科生可以赚取新闻选修学分，进而赢得自己一个学期出国学习的费用。实际上，这意味着学生不必为了出国留学而延长他们的在校时间。
MSJ面向社会的公众媒体（7种媒体，MSJ是媒体的负责人，并提供了学生实践、分享管理经验和大众传播的平台）
（1）《密苏里人》成立于1908年，作为一家社区报纸首次在公共网络出版。它经常击败《圣路易斯邮报》《堪萨斯城星》和《哥伦比亚论坛报》获得国家新闻奖。该报的许多校友写信给各大主要报纸、杂志和网站，其他人则担任摄影师、设计师、平面设计师、文字编辑、Web开发人员等等。
新闻发生了变化，《密苏里人》报也是如此。尽管该报的印刷版每周出版五次，但我们这个时代的新的数字工具，让学生以全新的模式运作。数字是目前的语言，《密苏里人》的任务是准备明天的领导者新闻。
（2）该杂志服务于国际新闻业务，《全球记者》由新闻学院出版。该杂志的读者对象是世界各地的记者，其任务是报告全世界的新闻自由状况，涵盖国际新闻发展和服务国际记者。
（3）KBIA-FM由密苏里大学所拥有，是全国最成功的公共广播电台之一。广播电视和新闻系学生采访事件，撰写关于KBIA的故事和新闻广播。学生在专业播音员教师的指导下工作。KBIA是一个NPR成员电台，并进行来自公共国际广播电台和其他供应商的编程。
（4）KOMU是美国唯一一所大学拥有的商业电视台，该电视台将它的编辑部作为学生的一个工作实验室。在整个新闻界，KOMU作为电视台记者和制片人的首个训练场得到认可，它的新闻编辑室为密苏里新闻学院的学生创造了真实的实验室经验。KOMU在努力给学生提供最好的教育的同时，新闻台还致力于中密苏里最好的新闻报道，并已获得了无数奖项。新闻专业的学生在KOMU工作时使用先进设备，一个新的全数字化控制室和多个实时远程控制卡车。
（5）密苏里数字新闻是学院的第一融合编辑部。报纸、广播和新媒体专业的学生在州议会大厦办公室一起工作，其工作涵盖州政府政策和政治问题。另外，MDN在线服务于公众（http://www.mdn.org），MDN把新闻报导分发到全州的各种报纸和广播媒体终端。密苏里新闻协会、密苏里州广播协会，KMOX电台和KSMU电台为MDN提供支持服务。
（6）MOJO广告是全国首屈一指的由学生提供专业服务的广告公司。该实验室为就读于密苏里新闻学院的学生提供现实的工作经验。随着对所有新兴事物的专业化，MOJO广告与当地、该地区和全国范围内的客户合作，这些客户的品牌均瞄准青少年和年轻人。
（7）VOX将哥伦比亚大学的城市心态和对家乡的熟悉感融合成一份精巧的城市小报。该杂志勾勒了人类的生存条件，介绍了当地的文化，并提供评论、技巧和趋势解说，告诉读者正在发生什么和在哪里发生。把耳朵贴在地上，用眼睛捕捉特色，VOX带来密苏里州中部有用的和挑衅性的文章，并配有对当代问题的分析和思考。该杂志发行《哥伦比亚密苏里人》报周四版，可以在城镇周围全部三个校园买到，其总发行量为15 000份。新闻学与大众传播教育协会承认，在过去的几年中，在调查和分析、轮廓写作和设计领域，VOX获得了学生杂志大赛的奖项。
通过研究普利策新闻奖得主来看MSJ教育下人才的形成（很多美国新闻奖获奖者有MSJ教育背景）
永不过时的《新闻记者信条》（沃尔特·威廉姆斯不仅创立了世界上第一所新闻学院，还撰写了《新闻记者信条》，这是在美国，乃至整个世界，所有记者都可以共享的原则）。
第一条：新闻事业是神圣的职业。
第二条：公共新闻就是公共信誉；凡与报纸所刊载文章有关的人，就其全部职责而言，均为公众所信赖的人。因此，不为公众服务而仅为私利驱使者，均为背信弃义之徒。
第三条：思想清晰，说理明白，正确而公允，是优良新闻事业的基础。
第四条：新闻记者，只写心目中认为真实的事物。
第五条：出言不逊者，不适宜从事新闻写作。受本身偏见所左右及他人偏见之笼络，都应该避免，绝不能因威逼利诱而逃避本身之责任。
第六条：对新闻压制均属错误，除非为国家社会幸福而设想者。
第七条：广告、新闻与评论，均应为读者的最高利益服务。因此，一种有益的求真求实的观念高于一切。对一条好新闻的最高测试就是对其公共服务能力的衡量。
第八条：新闻事业应该独立不挠，傲慢、权势均不能使其动摇。重视建设性、宽容性，而不取粗率性。勇于打抱不平，但不为特权者的要求或群众的吵闹所惑。在法律、忠诚及互助的认识下，尽量给予人平等的机会。深爱我们的国家，又诚心促进国际善意，加强世界友谊。
畏惧上帝，奖赏人类，这样的新闻是最好的，最能成功，也理应成功：
（1）推动MSJ新闻学院奖，发扬MSJ精神；
（2）简介代表性成果、教学材料和与教授面谈情况；
（3）为MSJ品牌的建设而施行的组织、渠道和方法（MSJ品牌包括自我形象设计，维护了不起的成就；这展示了其在传播领域的优势）；
（4）MSJ新闻教育的缺陷或挫折。
[1]本文的核心内容发表于《新闻与写作》（2012年第2期），合作者：王烨（密苏里新闻学院博士研究生）；乔飞（密苏里新闻学院硕士研究生）。
[2]本文的主要内容刊发在《中国记者》2011年第12期。
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