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招投标文件的翻译

时间:2022-03-31 理论教育 版权反馈
【摘要】:第十三章 招投标文件的翻译一、本章目标● 了解招投标文件的定义和结构。因此,招投标文件的翻译构成了竞标工作的一部分,贯穿竞标的整个过程。招投标文件是招标文件和投标文件的简称。

第十三章 招投标文件的翻译

一、本章目标

● 了解招投标文件的定义和结构。

● 掌握招投标文件的语言特点及翻译要求。

二、课堂练习

请翻译下面的句子。

1.We invite open tenders for the supply of power station equipment.

2.Documents submitted by the applicants will be treated as confidential,but will not be returned.

3.China International Tendering Corporation (CITC) invites sealed bids from eligible suppliers for the following equipment for the...Project to be financed with the proceeds of the World Bank Loan by way of international competitive bidding.

4.投标文件所列供应和交付货物的投标总价为(大写)__元人民币或__美元。

5.投标人根据招标文件的规定,承担执行合同的责任和义务。

6.投标自开标之日起60天内有效。

三、招投标文件的定义、种类和结构

招投标是一种国际上普遍运用的、有组织的市场交易行为。按照国际惯例, 采用招标方式采购货物、工程和服务时,与招标采购活动有关的一切文件资料均须用英文编制。而且,当当事人对意义解释发生分歧时双方应以英文版本为准(刘作永2001:56)。在参加国际招标投标活动过程中,我国的商贸组织和机构需要将英文版的文件译成汉语,或者将中文的文件译成英语。因此,招投标文件的翻译构成了竞标工作的一部分,贯穿竞标的整个过程。

招投标文件是招标文件和投标文件的简称。招标文件一般包括投标邀请、投标须知、货物要求、技术规格、合同条款、合同格式和附件。投标文件是投标人根据招标文件的要求编制或填写的文件,需要清楚表明投标人愿意按什么条件(须受招标文件规定的条件制约)向招标人提供服务、货物、工程或劳务。投标文件通常由投标授权书或投标资格证明文件、投标书、报价单、供货单、投标保函或投标保证金、履约担保、技术规范、技术说明书、附函等文件组成(徐勤2005:79)。

按标的物划分,国际招标一般可以分为国际工程承包招标、技术和咨询合同的国际招标和设备与材料的招标采购(即货物采购)。但在不同的法规体系下,对招标方式的规定不尽相同。 《世界银行采购指南》重点界定了“国际竞争性招标”(international competitive bidding),指出在国际竞争性招标不是最经济、最有效的时候,还有其他采购方式,如“有限国际招标”(limited international bidding)、“国内竞争性招标”(national competitive bidding)、“询价采购”(shopping)、“直接签订合同”(direct contracting)、“自营工程”(force account)等。 《世贸组织政府采购协议》则将招标方式分为“公开招标”(open tendering)、“选择性招标”(selective tendering)以及“局限性招标”(limited tendering)。 《中华人民共和国招投标法》则定义了两类招标方式:“公开招标”与“邀请招标”。

招投标文件结构相对固定,内容完整,文字精练。其主要内容往往由很多条款构成,具有条目化特征。以招标公告为例,标单的内容一般包括以下条目:

1.Name of entity issuing the invitation(招标公司的名称)

2.Objective of the invitation(招标目的)

3.Description of type of works(招标项目的介绍)

4.Source of finance(资金的来源)

5.Time of construction(工程建设日期)

6.Eligible bidders(投标人资格)

7.Address from where bidding documents may be obtained(索取招标文件的地址

8.Price of documents(文件的价格)

9.Date and place for the receipt of offers(接收标书的日期和地点)

举例来说:

英文版本:

China National Machinery Import & Export Corporation

Invitation for Bids

Bid No.0707CMCJ-0161332

In accordance with the Loan Agreement concluded between the Ministry of Finance of the People’s Republic of China and Japan Bank For International Cooperation for Yingkou Water Supply Project, China National Machinery Import& Export Corporation is authorized to purchase through international competitive bidding (ICB) the Goods listed below.All the purchases shall be financed through the loan arrangement mentioned above.

List of Equipment,

Valves (quantity: ...; specifications:...)

Sealed bids are invited from bidders registered in and controlled by eligible source countries, which refer to all countries and regions according to the stipulations of the Loan Agreement.

General terms and conditions together with qualification requirements are set out in a book, which is obtainable from China.

National Machinery Import & Export Corporation between 9:00 and 11:00 a.m.(Beijing time) from November 13 to November 19, 2001 (except Saturday and Sunday) against non-refundable payment of(amount of money in figures).

All bids are to be validly received by China National Machinery Import & Export Corporation before 10:00 am on the specified opening date at the address below.Bids will be opened at 10:30 A.M.December 20, 2001(Beijing time).

Any offer submitted after the closing date of the bid or which does not comply with the above terms will not be accepted.

China National Machinery Import & Export Corporation

Address:

Tel:

Fax:

Post Code:

中文版本:

招标编号:0707CMCJ-0161312

中国机械进出口总公司

投标邀请

根据中华人民共和国财政部与日本国际合作银行就营口市供水工程签订的《货款协议》,中国机械进出口总公司受权通过国际竟争性投标购买下列货物。本招标采购合同将由上述货款予以支付。

采购设备清单如下:

阀门(货物数量:规格:……)

中国机械进出口总公司诚邀所有在符合《货款协议》之规定的合格货源国和地区登记注册并受其管辖的投标商密封投标。

招标合同的一般条款及投标资格要求在标书中已列明,标书可在2001年11月19日起至11月13日(星期六和星期日除外)止的每天上午的9点到11点(北京时间)以(金额……)从中国机械进出口总公司处购买,售后不退。

所有投标书须于规定的开标日当天上午10点之前送达位于下列地址的中国机械进出口总公司并被有效接受。所有投标书将于北京时间2001年12月20日10:30被启封。

投标截止日期后提交的标书或不符合上述规定的标书恕不接受。

中国机械进出口总公司

地址:

电话:

传真:

邮政编码

上面的投标邀请函结构完整,包括招标编号、招标人或单位名称、项目名称、贷款等;说明了具体的招标项目、拟采购的设备、承包工程内容和资金来源等;点明了购买招标文件的日期、地点及价格、投标的截止期限、投标保证金金额、开标时间、地点,以及招标人或单位的具体地址、邮编、传真号、电话等。

四、招投标文件的语言特点及翻译要求

招投标文件是一种具有法律效力的文件,文体正式、结构完整,措辞准确严谨。招投标文件的翻译不仅要再现原文传递的所有内容,还需要实现英汉两种语篇在功能上的对等,确保译文表达上的专业性、内容上的完整性和文体上的得体性。下面我们举例说明招投标文件的语言特点及翻译要求。

1.招投标文件的词汇特点与翻译

招投标文件属正式文体,倾向于使用一些书面用词,以体现其庄重严肃。例如,在下面列举的单词中,招投标书中一般都采用左栏的表达方式:

动词←动词

assist, help

render, make

require, want

state, say

inform, tell

commence, begin

initiate, start

acquire, get/gain

jeopardize, danger

supplement, add

grant, give

短语←介词

in the nature of, like

for the purpose of, for

in the case of, if

prior to, before

in accordance with, under

in favor of, for

on the grounds that, because

with reference to, about

短语←动词

in need of, need

in writing, write

名词←名词

proposal, advice

expiry, end

party, side

termination, end

liabilities, debts

inception, beginning

termination, end

commencement, start

形容词←形容词

applicable, suitable

miscellaneous, various

其次,英语招投标文件中大量使用古语词,以here,there,where和各种介词合成的复合副词十分常见:如hereafter(此后),herebefore(此前),herein(于此处),hereinabove(在上文),hereunder(在下面,据此),herewith(与此一道),hereinafter(以下,在下文中),hereby(特此),hereto(至此),hereof(在本文件中,关于这个),therein(在此文中),thereafter(因此,据此),thereof(关于,由是),thereto(又,及),thereon(就此), notwithstanding (尽管), whence (据此,由此), whensoever (无论何时), whereby(借以),wherefore(为此,因此),wheresoever(无论何处)等。使用复合副词不仅能使文件显得正式严谨,而且也使表达简洁。请看下面的例句 :

例1

Any payment made hereunder shall be made free and clear of and without deduction for or on account of any present or future taxes, duties, charges, fees deductions or withholdings of any nature whatsoever and by whomsoever imposed.

本保函项下的任何付款均应免于扣除当时和以后发生的无论什么性质和无论何人征收的任何税款、关税、税费、预扣赋税。

第三,情态动词shall 和will常见于招投标文件中。shall在用于招投标文件时,一般表示客观义务、约定或者规定等,带有一定的强制性,意“应该”或“必须”。而will在招投标文件中一般用来表示投标人的主观愿望和打算,不表示义务或规定等,也不带有任何强制性。翻译时需要根据上下文译出不同情态动词的具体含义。请看下面的例句:

例2

At the end of each month the Contractor shall deliver to the Engineer a priced statement of the labor,material and Contractor’s Equipment.

每个月的月末承包商须向工程师递交一份标了价格的关于所有劳力、材料和设备等的报告。

例3

The project will be done for the total cost of three million US dollars.

整个工程将花去成本总计300万美元。

第四,招投标文件中经常使用并列词,通常由and或or连接两个近义词或完全不同的两三个词,以求表达严谨周密。翻译时需要把握词语的细微含义,把每个词的意思准确译出,以免引起误会。例如:

例4

That he agrees to furnish any other data or information pertinent to his Bid that might be requested by the Buyer.

同意提供买方可能要求的与投标有关的任何其他数据或资料。

例5

That the bidder has examined in detail all the Bidding Documents including amendments(if any) and all information furnished for reference as well as relevant attachments and that he is perfectly aware that he must renounce all right of invoking ambiguities or misunderstandings in his respect.

投标人已详细审查了全部招标文件,包括可能有的修改文件、参考资料及有关附件,投标人应完全了解他必须放弃在这方面提出含糊不清或误解的一切权利。

第五,大量使用专业术语。招投标书涉及法律、贸易、专业技术等多个领域,常出现专业术语。由于这些专业术语不同于一般辞典上的解释,具有特定的含义。因此翻译时译者需要熟悉和了解相应的招投标业务, 不能盲目地用普通词语对译专业术语。例如,key这个单词在日常用语中指“钥匙”,在计算机资料中指键盘上的“键”,在机械零件制造中则可指“销子”,而在建筑行业中则指“楔形砖”(刘作永2001:57)。

第六,使用缩略词。在国际招投标文件中,有些专有名词经常出现,贯穿了整个文件的始末。为了节省篇幅和表达上的简洁,编写者通常使用这些专有名词的缩略语形式。翻译时译者需要注意缩略语的具体所指,以及表达上的前后一致。由于一个缩略语可能代表不同的含义,在遇到某个行业的专业术语的缩略语时,译者首先要弄清该缩略语所属的专业领域。例如,“a/p”可以是“account paid”(账款付清)、“additional premium”(追加保险费)或“additional payment”(追加付费)等不同意思。

2.招投标文件的句法特点与翻译

招投标文件既是法律文件, 又是科技文件, 因而长句的使用较为普遍。长句结构严谨,一般用来表达复杂的概念。招投标文件中大量使用长句,可以准确界定招投标各方的权利和义务,避免出现误解或歧义。在翻译长句时译者需要理清句子各部分之间的逻辑和修饰关系,找准句子的主干,然后按照汉语的句法习惯来重新组织和表达。请看下面的例句:

例6

All those who are willing to participate in the bid are kindly requested to contact our office at...tel...fax...to obtain Bidding Document between 9:00 a.m.and 11: 00 am, ( Sundays and holidays excepted) upon nonrefundable payment of RMB...or US$....

所有愿意参加投标者,请于每日上午9时至11时(星期日、节假日除外)与本公司(地址:__,电话:__,传真号码:__)联系,购买招标文件,每套人民币__元或__美元,售款不退还。

例7

In compliance with your invitation for bid No.__ for __ (goods to be supplied) for the__Project, the undersigned representative (full name and title), duly authorized to act in the name and for the account of the Bidder ( name and address of the Bidder), hereby submit the following in one original and five copies.

根据贵方__项目采购物资的第__号招标通告,正式授权下述签字人__ (姓名和职务)代表投标人__(投标人的名称和地址),提交下列文件正本一份,副本一式五份。

例8

Failure of the successful tenderer to comply with the requirements of Clauses 33 or 34 hereof shall constitute sufficient grounds for the annulment of the award and for failure of the tender security, in which event the Employer may make the award to the next lowest evaluated tenderer or, if there are no other tenderers, call for new tenders.

如果成功投标者未遵守条款三十三、三十四的要求,将构成充足理由使业主取消对其授标,投标者还将失去投标保证书。在此情况下,业主可向其次的评价最低的投标者授标。如果没有其他投标者,可重新招标。

招投标文件的文字讲究客观公正,经常使用被动语态来使表达显得客观;同时通过将一些重要的概念、事项及要求等置于句首,突出句子中的主要信息。请看下面的例子:

例9

Prospective bidders who are willing to participate in the bid are kindly requested to contact the First Import Business Division of CMIEC.

凡愿参加此项投标者,请洽中国机械进出口总公司第一进口业务部。

例10

The deadline for receipt of bids by ITC is June 25, 1990 at 9:00 a.m.Beijing time.Bids received thereafter, or which are not accompanied by a Bid Bond furnished as provided for in the bidding conditions, will not be accepted.Bid will be opened on June 25, 1990 at1: 30 p.m.Beijing time in Negotiation Building, Erligou, Beijing, China.

截标日期为1990年6月25日北京时间上午9: 00,其后所到达的文件或未按标书规定提交投标保证金的投标文件恕不接受。兹定于1990年6月25日北京时间下午1:30在中国北京二里沟谈判大楼公开开标。

需要指出的是,在涉及招投标双方的义务和权利时,不宜随便选用被动句式。因为,在这种情况下采用被动句式,容易引起语气弱化, 意义含糊,甚至责任、权利不明(戴光荣2010:39)。

3.招投标文件的语篇特点与翻译

招投标文件属于正式文体,不允许有俗语、方言或口语化的表达。同一个意思若有多种不同的表达方法,标书中多选用规范、严谨的词语以及表达严密的长句。例如:

例11

The Seller shall guarantee that the Goods are brand new, unusual and made of the best adequate materials, with first class workmanship, and complies in all respects with quality, specification and performance stipulated in the Contract.

卖方应保证货物是全新、未使用过的,是用一流的工艺和最佳材料制造的,并完全符合合同规定的质量、规格和性能的要求。

其次,为了避免误解和歧义,招投标文件中还经常采用词汇重复这种衔接手段。例如,在下面这句话中,Buyer和Seller反复使用,没有使用任何代词:

例12

The Seller shall deliver the Goods in with the stipulation of the Contract signed between the Buyer and Seller.After the delivery of the Goods, the Seller shall present the following documents to the Buyer.The Buyer will arrange payment in the following manner and rate after checking the payment documents and finishing them in conformity with the Contract.

卖方应按照双方鉴定的合同规定交货。交货后卖方应向买方提供下列单据,买方按合同规定审核无误后按下列方式和比例付款。

需要指出的一点是,尽管招投标文件讲究叙述客观、表达清楚,但在实际操作中,招标方和投标方总是从各自的立场和利益出发,有时会有意使用模糊语言,从而使自己处于主动地位,以便争取更大的利益空间。所以,在翻译招投标文件时译者还需要注意其语言表达模糊性的一面。例如:

例13

The work is to be completed within 20 months.

该项工程须在20个月之内完工。

该句中没有将工程的期限具体化,表明只要是在20个月之内完成都是正常的。这样就不排除对方即使提前完工,招标方也无须多付任何费用。

总之,招投标文件所涉及的领域很多,既包括法律合同方面,也包括科技经贸方面,对译者的要求很高。这就要求译者在翻译招投标文件时必须对相关的专业和技术领域有较为深刻的了解。而且,在翻译时译者还需要有严谨的翻译态度,因为招投标文件具有一次成交的特点,翻译中的小失误有可能酿成交易中的大损失。

五、课后翻译作业

请将下面的投标文件译成汉语。To: (name of Tendering Agent)

In compliance with your IFB No.____for (Goods to be supplied) for the Project, the undersigned representative (full name and title) duly authorized to act in the name and for the account of the Bidder (name and address of the Bidder) hereby submit the following in one original and __copies:

1.Summary Sheet for Bid Opening;

2.Bid Schedule of Prices;

3.Brief Descriptions of the Goods;

4.Responsiveness/Deviation Form for Technical Specifications;

5.Responsiveness/Deviation Form for Commercial Terms;

6.All other documents required in response to Instructions To Bidders and Technical Specifications;

7.Qualification Documents;

8.Bid Security in the amount of __issued by (name of issuing bank).

By this letter, the undersigned representative hereby declares and agrees:

1.That the Total Bid Price for the supply and delivery of the Goods specified in the attached Bid Schedule of Prices is (specify currency or currencies), that is (in words).

2.That the Bidder will take full responsibility for performance of the Contract in accordance with all provisions of the Bidding Documents.

3.That the Bidder has examined in detail all the documents including amendments (if any) and all information furnished for reference as well as relevant attachments and that he is perfectly aware that he must renounce all right of invoking ambiguities or misunderstandings in this respect.

4.That his bid is valid for a period of calendar days from the date of bid opening.

5.That, pursuant to ITB Clause 15.7, its Bid Security may be forfeited.

6.That, pursuant to ITB Clause 2, he declares that, he is not associated with a firm or any its affiliates which have been engaged by the Tendering Agent/the Purchaser to provide consulting services for this Project, and we are not a dependent agency of the Purchaser.

7.That he agrees to furnish any other data or information pertinent to its Bid that might be requested by (the Tendering Agent) and that he understands that you are not bound to accept the lowest or any bid you may receive.

8.That all official correspondence pertinent to this bid shall be addressed to:

Address:

Fax:

Telephone:

E-mail:

Name of representative:

Name of the Bidder:

Official Seal:

六、翻译知识拓展

招投标常用词汇

招投标文件中经常使用大量的专业术语。这些专业术语在一般辞书中即使能够查到,意思与招投标文件中的含义也不相同。因此,为了准确理解和翻译招投标文件,译者需要了解这些专业术语在译入语中的对等表达方式。下面列举了招投标文件中常用的一些词汇:

international bid 国际招标

procurement 采购

pre-qualification 对投标人进行的投标资格预审

pre-qualification documents 是投标资格预审文件

post-qualify 对投标人进行的投标资格后审

contract project 承包工程

award 决标

awarded bidder 得标商

bid bond 投标保证金

bid deadline 投标截止日期

bid deposit 投标押金

bid documents 投标文件

bid for tender 招标

bid price 投标价

bid pricing 投标定价

bidder 投标人

bidding 投标

bidding condition 投标条件

bidding documents 招标文件

call for bid 招标通告

call for tender 招标

competitive bidding system 招标制

due date for return of tender 投标截止日期

general instruction to tenders 投标须知

highest tender 最高投标额

information for bidders 投标须知

instruction for biddings 投标须知

invitation 招标单

invitation issuing day 招标日期

notice of award 得标通知

notification of award 得标通知

open bid 开标

open tender 公开投标,开标

opening of bids 开标

opening of tender 开标

sealed bids 密封投标

tender for the construction of... 投标承建……

tender guarantee 投标保证

tender offer 投标报价

tender opening day 开标日期

tender sum 投标总价

to bid for... 为……投标

to enter a bid for... 为……投标

to invite tenders for... 为……招标

to make a bid for... 为……投标

to put in a bid for... 为……投标

to submit one’s bid for... 为……投标

to submit a tender for... 为……投标

validity of tender 投标有效性

(选自周邦友《英语应用文大全》)

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