首页 理论教育 中国对虾和日本囊对虾健康指标总得分与其抗能力之间的关系

中国对虾和日本囊对虾健康指标总得分与其抗能力之间的关系

时间:2022-02-09 理论教育 版权反馈
【摘要】:推测其原因可能在于中国对虾幼虾捕食钩虾的能力相对较低。SM组钩虾组特定生长率高于饲料组说明日本囊对虾幼虾具有良好捕食钩虾的能力。此外,钩虾还可以显著提高中国对虾和日本囊对虾血清总蛋白含量。本研究将钩虾作为中国对虾和日本囊对虾的天然饵料,发现钩虾不仅可以提高对虾的生长、免疫指标和抗病力而且钩虾适应性比较强,在养殖池中繁殖速度快,能够形成对虾稳定的天然饵料。

中国对虾和日本囊对虾的健康指标总得分与其感染WSSV后100%致死时间,由表16中的数据可以看出第Ⅰ组、Ⅱ组、Ⅴ组、Ⅵ组的健康指标总得分排序为Ⅴ . Ⅰ . Ⅱ . Ⅵ,100% 致死时间排序为Ⅴ . Ⅰ . Ⅱ5 Ⅵ,第Ⅲ、Ⅳ组健康指标总得分接近,100%致死时间相同。由图10 可以看出健康指标总得分与感染WSSV100%致死时间之间存在一定的线性关系(R25.0.948 9)。

表16 中国对虾和日本囊对虾的免疫指标与其抗WSSV能力之间的关系

SF 组中钩虾组的特定生长率低于饲料组,MF组中钩虾组的特定生长率高于饲料组。推测其原因可能在于中国对虾幼虾捕食钩虾的能力相对较低。故使用钩虾作为中国对虾天然饵料时应注意对虾在幼虾阶段能否捕食到足够的钩虾,必要时应投喂少量人工配合饲料。SM组钩虾组特定生长率高于饲料组说明日本囊对虾幼虾具有良好捕食钩虾的能力。总体来说,钩虾作为一种天然饵料可以促进对虾的生长,尤其是日本囊对虾。与董世瑞等(2006)、胡贤德等(2009)和王平等(2010)认为天然动物性饵料比人工配合饲料更能促进对虾的生长的结果相一致。

图36 健康指标得分与100%致死时间回归曲线

SF组、MF组及SM组中的对虾分别摄食钩虾和人工配合饲料后,对虾在血细胞总数、血蓝蛋白含量和过氧化物酶相对活力这些指标上均表现出相同的变化趋势即SF组和MF组在这些指标上存在显著性差异(P , 0.05),MF组在这些指标上不存在显著性差异(P . 0.05)。此外,钩虾还可以显著提高中国对虾和日本囊对虾血清总蛋白含量。这说明钩虾与人工配合饲料相比可以显著提高中国对虾和日本囊对虾幼虾的免疫力,这一结果与林少琴等(2002)以蚯蚓投喂小鼠和王娓等(2002)以蝇蛆投喂对虾均可以提高生物体的免疫机能相似。SF组的中国对虾在所测的7个免疫指标中有5个指标表现出显著性差异(P , 0.05);MF组的中国对虾有2个指标表现出显著性差异(P , 0.05);SM组中日本囊对虾在7个指标上全部表现出显著性差异(P , 0.05)。这也充分说明钩虾与人工配合饲料相比可以显著提高日本囊对虾的免疫力,其次是小规格的中国对虾,对中等规格的中国对虾影响较小。根据日本囊对虾钩虾组与饲料组在生长与抗病指标上产生显著差异,可能由于饵料营养的不同造成对虾体质的差异(殷禄阁,1988)。

对虾感染WSSV后100% 致死时间与其健康指标总得分之间存在良好线性关系(R2 5.0.948 9)。分析100%致死时间可得摄食钩虾的日本囊对虾 . 摄食钩虾的中国对虾 . 摄食饲料的中国对虾5 摄食饲料的日本囊对虾,故表现为中国对虾和日本囊对虾摄食钩虾有助于提高自身抗病力。王娓等(2002)认为蝇幼在提高对虾抗杆状病毒感染过程中发挥的重要作用,此外董世瑞等(2006)和胡贤德等(2009)发现不同饵料组中的对虾感染WSSV后的成活率表现出显著性差异,这些结论均与本研究结果相似。

目前在水产养殖过程中常被用作对虾天然饵料的有蚯蚓、沙蚕和卤虫等。刘石林等(2006、2008)使用蚯蚓和沙蚕饲养中国对虾,发现蚯蚓和沙蚕均可以提高中国对虾的生长率。单独投喂蚯蚓,对虾成活率不受影响,血细胞数目、抗菌酶活力及酚氧化酶活力均得到显著提高;单独投喂沙蚕,对虾成活率下降并且上述各项免疫指标不存在显著性差异。故刘石林等(2008)认为蚯蚓比沙蚕更适合做中国对虾的天然饵料。王彩理等(2003)研究卤虫对中国对虾生长的影响时指出,卤虫可以提高对虾的生长率但其易受环境、气候的影响不易在水体中稳定存在,难以满足鱼虾育苗的需要。本研究将钩虾作为中国对虾和日本囊对虾的天然饵料,发现钩虾不仅可以提高对虾的生长、免疫指标和抗病力而且钩虾适应性比较强,在养殖池中繁殖速度快,能够形成对虾稳定的天然饵料。

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