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中国对虾基因原核表达载体构建

时间:2022-02-09 理论教育 版权反馈
【摘要】:Rosetta/p28a-CYP4重组菌株诱导后在5.6.3 104处有1条显著表达条带,与软件预测大小相一致,表明中国对虾CYP4基因实现在E.Coli中的表达。笔者构建了中国对虾CYP4基因重组载体p28a-CYP4,并首次实现该基因在大肠杆菌的原核表达。本研究表明pET28a 载体可以实现中国对虾CYP4基因的表达,且目的蛋白占总蛋白的含量可以达到50% 以上,说明pET28a是有效的CYP4 基因表达载体。关桦楠等克隆了青杨脊CYP4G2基因片段并在E.Coli中实现原核表达,SDS-PAGE 电泳检测到一条22.0.3 103小的外源蛋白表达。

20.1.1 中国对虾CYP4基因开放阅读框克隆

由图43可知,引物28aF和28aR扩增得到大约1.5.0 bp片段,与预期大小一致,且片段专一性较好,空白对照无污染,将该片段回收连接T-载体测序,证明开发阅读框正确,可进行后续实验。

图43 中国对虾CYP4基因开放阅读框克隆

20.1.2 p28a-CYP4质粒酶切和PCR鉴定

图44所示为重组载体p28a-CYP4双酶切(Xho I/ Nhe I)及PCR检测结果。由图中可以看出,p28a-CYP4双酶切后得到大小分别为1.5.0 bp和5.2.0 bp的片段,且大片段大小与pET28a载体双酶切大片段大小一致。PCR检测结果表明,以p28a-CYP4为模板扩增得到大约1.6.0 bp片段,与阳性对照结果一致。重组质粒p28a-CYP4送样测序结果表明开放阅读框连接正确,可以进行原核表达。

图44 p28a-CYP4 双酶切及PCR检测

注:M: DNA Marker DL2000;A:pET28a质粒;B: pET28a双酶切;C:重组质粒p28a-CYP4;D:p28a-CYP4双酶切; 0:空白对照;1:pET28a PCR检测;2:阳性对照;3:p28a-CYP4 PCR检测

20.1.3 CYP4序列稀有密码子分析

图45 CYP4开放阅读框稀有密码子结果

CYP4基因开放阅读框稀有密码子出现频率达到12.84%,且串联稀有密码子出现次数达到9次,其中三联稀有密码子2次,推测会影响该基因在大肠杆菌中的表达,故选用Rosetta作为宿主菌株。

表50 稀有密码子统计结果

表51 串联稀有密码子统计结果

20.1.4 中国对虾CYP4基因在E.Coli中的表达

Rosetta/p28a-CYP4重组菌株诱导后在5.6.3 104处有1条显著表达条带,与软件预测大小相一致,表明中国对虾CYP4基因实现在E.Coli中的表达。

图46 中国对虾CYP4基因在E.Coli表达的SDS-PAGE电泳

注:M-蛋白Marker;1-Rosetta菌株未诱导;2-Rosetta菌株诱导6 h;3-pET28a未诱导;4-pET28a诱导6 h;5-p28a-CYP4未诱导; 6-p28a-CYP4诱导6 h

20.1.5 CYP4基因表达条件优化

图47 蛋白质标准曲线

20.1.5.1 不同IPTG浓度对蛋白表达量的影响

当IPTG浓度为0.8mmol/L时菌体总蛋白含量达到最高,为39.0mg/mL,此时目的蛋白含量为9.95mg/mL,占总蛋白含量的25.51%;当IPTG浓度为1.2mmol/L时,菌体目的蛋白含量达到14.32mg/mL,占到总蛋白含量的52.41%。

图48 Rosetta/p28a-CYP4 IPTG梯度诱导SDS-PAGE分析

图49 不同IPTG诱导条件下Rosetta/p28a-CYP4蛋白含量变化

20.1.5.2 不同菌液浓度对蛋白表达量的影响

当菌液OD600为0.75时加入IPTG诱导菌体总蛋白含量最高,为46.74mg/mL,此时目的蛋白占总蛋白的20.88%;当OD600为0.59时,总蛋白含量为40.48mg/mL,而目的蛋白含量则达到10.33mg/mL,占总蛋白的25.51%。

图50 Rosetta/p28a-CYP4不同时机诱导SDS-PAGE分析

注:M:蛋白低相对分子质量Marker;1-7:Rosetta/p28a-CYP4诱导6 h(OD600依次为0.75、0.67、0.59、0.51、0.43、0.35和0.27);8:Rosetta/p28a-CYP4未诱导;9:Rosetta/pET28a诱导6 h;10:Rosetta诱导6 h;11:Rosetta未诱导;白色箭头所指为目的蛋白。

图51 不同时机诱导Rosetta/p28a-CYP4蛋白含量变化

20.1.5.3 不同诱导时间对蛋白表达量的影响

随着诱导时间的推移,菌体总蛋白含量呈现先增加后下降的趋势,在5h达到37.73mg/mL,此时目的蛋白含量占总蛋白含量的23.05%;诱导6 h时总蛋白含量为34.72mg/mL,目的蛋白含量则为8.86mg/mL,占总蛋白含量的25.51%,达到最大值。

图52 Rosetta/p28a-CYP4不同诱导时间SDS-PAGE分析

注:M:蛋白低相对分子质量Marker;1:Rosetta未诱导;2:Rosetta诱导6 h;3:Rosetta/pET28a未诱导;4:Rosetta/pET28a诱导6 h;5:Rosetta/p28a-CYP4未诱导;6-14:Rosetta/p28a-CYP4诱导时间依次为1、2、3、4、5、6、7.8.24 h;白色箭头所指为目的蛋白。

图53 不同诱导时间Rosetta/p28a-CYP4蛋白含量变化

20.1.5.4 不同诱导温度对蛋白表达量的影响

25 ℃诱导时菌体总蛋白含量最高,可以达到46.41mg/mL,而此时目的蛋白占总蛋白含量最低仅为14.72%;37℃诱导时目的蛋白含量达到最高,为7.93mg/mL,占总蛋白的25.50%。

图54 Rosetta/p28a-CYP4温度梯度诱导SDS-PAGE分析

注:M:蛋白低相对分子质量Marker;1:Rosetta未诱导;2:Rosetta诱导6 h;3:Rosetta/pET28a未诱导;4:Rosetta/pET28a诱导6 h;5:Rosetta/p28a-CYP4未诱导;6-10:Rosetta/p28a-CYP425、28、31、34、37℃诱导6 h;白色箭头所指为目的蛋白。

图55 不同温度诱导条件下Rosetta/p28a-CYP4蛋白含量变化

细胞色素P450是机体对内、外源物质,尤其是药物进行生物转化的重要酶系,作为细胞色素P450最古老的家族之一,CYP4 基因在许多海洋无脊椎动物中都有发现(Snyder et al,1998),且在海洋软体动物Mytilus edulis微粒体中检测到了其在蛋白质水平的表达(Peters et al,1998),而有关海洋甲壳动物CYP4基因功能的研究却十分有限。除了参与外源物质的代谢以外,CYP4 基因在节肢动物苛尔蒙代谢中也起着重要作用(Simpson et al,1997)。Aragon等(2002)发现CYP4C15基因在小龙虾(Orconectes limosus)Y-器官中显著表达, 提示该基因可能参与了蜕皮激素的生物合成。研究P450基因的结构是了解其在生物体生长发育及内外源物质代谢所起功能的重要环节。笔者构建了中国对虾CYP4基因重组载体p28a-CYP4,并首次实现该基因在大肠杆菌的原核表达。张宝等(2007)将CYP3A4 基因同时接入pET-22b(1)、pET-28b(1)和pET-32a(1)3种载体中,结果只有pET-32a(1)-CYP3A4 可以表达目的蛋白,该蛋白大约占细菌总蛋白的40%。本研究表明pET28a 载体可以实现中国对虾CYP4基因的表达,且目的蛋白占总蛋白的含量可以达到50% 以上,说明pET28a是有效的CYP4 基因表达载体。关桦楠等(2008)克隆了青杨脊(Xylotechus rusticus)CYP4G2基因片段并在E.Coli中实现原核表达,SDS-PAGE 电泳检测到一条22.0.3 103小的外源蛋白表达。李秀兰等(2005)将淡色库蚊(Culex pipieus)CYP4.2.6 基因构建重组载体,在BL21中实现原核表达,外源蛋白大小约为42.0.3 103。中国对虾CYP4基因编码蛋白质全长512氨基酸, 表达蛋白大小为56.0.3 103左右,与淡色库蚊CYP4E2r6表达蛋白大小接近,大于青杨脊虎天牛CYP4G2表达蛋白,说明CYP4 基因在不同物种之间差异较大。

重组菌体的蛋白表达量受到诱导剂浓度、接种量、诱导温度、诱导时间等诸多因素的影响。董元凌等(2008)在进行家蚕CYP337A1基因的原核表达研究时发现诱导1~2 h随时间推移目的蛋白含量增加,而2 h后随着诱导时间的延长,目的蛋白表达量无明显差异;在诱导温度的比较上发现,温度为25 ℃时,诱导表达蛋白量较低,温度为32 ℃和37 ℃时,表达量较高但蛋白量差异不明显;IPTG浓度为0.6mmol/L时目的蛋白占总蛋白含量最高,而当IPTG 浓度大于0.6mmol/L时,其诱导表达量不受IPTG 变化的影响,认为这是由于IPTG 对细菌生长有一定的抑制作用导致(陆海等,2001)。潘滨等(2007)在进行烟草曲茎病毒复制相关蛋白基因的原核表达条件优化时发现,IPTG 浓度0.5mmol/L 时目的蛋白表达量最高,随着IPTG 浓度增加目的蛋白表达量有下降趋势,诱导时间以4 h为宜,过长或过短都会影响蛋白的积累量。岳盈盈等(2010)实现了风疹病毒包膜糖蛋白E1的原核表达并对其表达条件进行了优化, 发现诱导温度、IPTG 浓度及表达时间均对重组蛋白有较大的影响。

本研究发现诱导温度、IPTG 浓度、诱导时机及时间均可影响重组蛋白及菌体总蛋白的表达量。37 ℃诱导时菌体目的蛋白含量最高,与上述研究结果一致。IPTG对目的蛋白占总蛋白含量的影响最为显著,IPTG为1.2mmol/L 时,目的蛋白占总蛋白含量最高,与之前的研究结果并不一致,可能是由于表达菌株、重组载体不同导致。诱导时间则对目的蛋白的含量影响最为明显,诱导5 h 时目的蛋白含量最高,其后呈下降趋势,与有关文献报道一致(潘滨等,2007)。

通过条件优化认为重组菌株Rosetta/p28a-CYP4的最佳诱导温度为37℃,最佳IPTG浓度为1.2mmol/L,最佳诱导时机及诱导时间分别为0.59.6 h。中国对虾CYP4基因的原核表达对进一步在蛋白水平上研究该基因的功能具有一定意义。

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