一般—特殊型

9.2.1　一般—特殊型

“一般—特殊型“(General-Particular Pattern)是Hoey(1983)提出来的话语模式。他将这种话语分为两类:(1)“一般—例证型”(General-Example Pattern)，即先作一般的概括，后提供例证予以阐发的类型;(2)“预览—细节型”(Preview-Detail Pattern)，即先给出总体的轮廓，然后叙述细节。这种模式主要出现在社会科学、自然科学的说明文和论说文等话语中。

Michael McCarthy＆Ronald Carter(1994:57)曾以例2中的话语阐述Hoey提出来的这一话语模式。

【例2】(1)A poem differs from most prose in several ways.(2)For one，both writer and reader tend to regard it differently.(3)The poet's attitude is as if，sticking his neck out，he were to say:I offer this piece of writing to be read not as prose but as a poem—that is，more perceptively，thoughtfully，and considerately，with more attention to sounds and connotations.(4)This is a great deal to expect，but in return，the reader has a right to his own expectations.(5)He approaches the poem in the anticipation of out-of-the-ordinary knowledge and pleasure…

—(Kennedy，X.J.1985:218)

【分析】例2中的第(1)句属一般概括;第(2)句指出差别，同时对下文所述也起到预览作用，而第(3)、(4)和(5)句则是对预览的详细例证说明。