八、货物已装船问题和“预期”问题
国际商会中国国家委员会（2007，p44）对货物已装船问题和“预期”问题作了如下解释：
UCP600 Article 20 Bill of Lading
ii. indicate that the goods have been shipped on board a named vessel at the port of loading stated in the credit by：
*pre-printed wording， or
*an on board notation indicating the date on which the goods have been shipped on board.
The date of issuance of the bill of lading will be deemed to be the date of shipment unless the bill of lading contains an on board notation indicating the date of shipment， in which case the date stated in the on board notation will be deemed to be the date of shipment.
If the bill of lading contains the indication "intended vessel" or similar qualification in relation to the name of the vessel， an on board notation indicating the date of shipment and the name of the actual vessel is required.
UCP600第二十条a款第ii项的中文译文如下：
ii. 通过以下方式表明货物已在信用证规定的装运港装上具名船只：
*预先印就的文字；
*已装船批注注明货物的装运日期。
提单的出具日期将被视为装运日期，除非提单载有表明发运日期的已装船批注，在此情况下已装船批注中显示的日期将被视为发运日期。
如果提单载有“预期船只”或类似的关于船名的限定语，则需以已装船批注明确发运日期以及实际船名。
对UCP600第二十条a款ii项的分析如下：
1. 如何注明/识别货物已装船
（1）提单契约文句开头为“Shipped on Board the Vessel Named above ”，即“货物已装上如上具名的船只”字样，这种提单的签发日期视为装船日期和装运日期。
例3.13 Shipped on Board the Vessel Named above in apparent good order and condition(unless otherwise indicated) the goods or packages specified herein and to be discharged at the port of discharge or as near thereto as the vessel may safely get and be always afloat.
提单所列货物或包装已装上如上具名的船只，外表状况良好（另有注明者除外），将在卸货港卸货，或船只可以安全抵达并保持漂浮而离卸货港尽可能靠近之处卸货。
（2）提单契约文句开头为“货物收妥”RECEIVED the goods字样，船公司或其代理人在收到托运人交来的集装箱或收到原包装、甚至散装货物时，即发出提单，这种提单必须加盖ON BOARD戳记及日期，戳记的日期就是装运日期。
例3.14 RECEIVED BY PAN AMERICAN CONTAINER CORP. the goods， or the containers， vans， trailers， palletized units or other packages said to contain the goods herein mentioned， in apparent outward good order and condition unless otherwise indicated to be transported and delivered or transshipped herein provided.
泛美集装箱公司收到的货物，或集装箱、篷车、拖车、托盘或其他包装的货物，据称包括本提单所述货物，外表状况良好，另作注明者除外，将按本提单记载进行运输及交付或转运。
（3）提单“船名”栏目为“预期船”Intended Vessel字样，则不论契约文句如何写，都要加盖ON BOARD戳记，戳记不仅要有日期，而且要有实际装货船只的船名，即使此船名与预期船船名相同。戳记的日期就是装运日期。
例3.15 Intended Vessel and voyage No. BREMEN EXPRESS
戳记：
SHIPPED ON BOARD PER
OCEAN VESSEL BREMEN EXPRESS
AT SOUTHAMPTON ON 11 NOV 1990
Q＆A 3.3 提单上的“已装船”戳记(2)
Q：为什么提单要注明“已装船”？
A：FOB、CFR、CIF(3)都适合于海运，INCOTERMS 2000对FOB卖方交货义务（A4）的规定为：The seller must deliver the goods on the date or within the agreed period at the named port of shipment and in the manner customary at the port on board the vessel nominated by the buyer.
对CFR、CIF卖方交货义务（A4）的规定为： The seller must deliver the goods on board the vessel at the port of shipment on the date or within the agreed period.
因此，要在海运提单上表示货物已装上船（goods shipped or loaded on board），如果没有按照UCP600第20条a（ii）款的要求在提单上加列已装船批注，那就是不符点。
UCP600 Article 20 Bill of Lading
iii. indicate shipment from the port of loading to the port of discharge stated in the credit.
If the bill of lading does not indicate the port of loading stated in the credit as the port of loading， or if it contains the indication “intended” or similar qualification in relation to the port of loading， an on board notation indicating the port of loading as stated in the credit， the date of shipment and the name of the vessel is required. This provision applies even when loading on board or shipment on a named vessel is indicated by pre-printed wording on the bill of lading.
对第二十条a款iii项的分析：
如何注明/识别装卸港
（1）提单上的收货地与装货港不同时，ON BOARD戳记上必须包括装货港和实际船名，装货港名称必须符合信用证的规定；
例3.16 Place of Receipt： Northampton
（Intended）Port of Loading： Southampton
戳记：
SHIPPED ON BOARD PER
OCEAN VESSEL BREMEN EXPRESS
AT SOUTHAMPTON ON 11 NOV 1990
（2）提单装、卸港分别为“预期装货港”Intended Port of Loading及“预期卸货港”Intended Port of Discharge时，ON BOARD戳记上要包括实际装货港及卸货港名称，而且要符合信用证规定。
例3.17
Intended Port of Loading： London
Intended Port of Discharge： Hong Kong
信用证规定：Shipment from London to Hong Kong
戳记：
On Board
1 August 1995
per ocean Vessel Cardigan Bay
from London to Hong Kong
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