中国廉价的出口商品减轻了世界通货膨胀

快速阅读2　调查：中国廉价的出口商品减轻了世界通货膨胀

北京4月19日——据联合国亚太经济与社会委员会的一份调查表明，虽然中国经常因其贸易顺差受到指责，但是中国廉价的出口商品实际上有效地阻止了全球通货膨胀。

据上周三联合国亚太经济与社会委员会公布的这一调查报告，2001年至2005年间，中国的出口帮助美国年度通货膨胀减少了 0.28%，帮助欧盟减少了 0.37%，帮助日本减少了 0.65%。

目前，全球90%的玩具出口、50%的服装出口及16%的家用电器出口都来自中国。

此外，此期间中国在美国购买资产，帮助美国利率降低了0.15%。

但是调查还指出，由于中国在能源领域的进口，提高了商品价格，反而加剧了全球的通货膨胀。比如，由于中国对石油的巨大需求，导致了2001—2005年之间世界油价上涨了22.5%。

总的来说，2001—2005年期间中国能源进口使美国通货膨胀率上升了0.23%，使欧盟上升了0.35%，使印度上升了1.11%。

中国占全球水泥进口的45%，占铝和铜进口总量的20%。

中国位列全球第三大贸易国。自1990年来贸易额已经翻了7倍。

该调查还指出，亚太地区类似的生产方法给中国劳动密集型产品出口带来巨大的挑战。亚太地区国家仍有很多机会向中国出口知识密集型产品。

该调查说，“中高收入的地区经济有很多机会向中国出口产品，该机会最多的是日本、韩国、新加坡，其次使中等收入的东南亚国家，如泰国、马来西亚等”。

这份调查按照购买力，把中国列位世界第二大经济体，预计中国去年的经济增长在全球经济发展中起了三分之一的作用。

但是，调查还说，中国今年的GDP可能会下降9.9%，因为中国出口和出口型投资是其经济增长的主要动力。

但是人民币的持续升值和电子产品需求的减少会降低出口量，同时紧缩的国内政策会减缓投资的步伐。

该调查警告说，中国经济增长过多地依赖出口和出口型投资，个人消费已下降至历史最低水平。

1990—1996年之间，国内消费占GDP的60%，在2005年占52%，比世界平均水平低了27%。

为了促进国内消费，联合国亚太经济与社会委员会指出中央政府应该鼓励个人减少存款，在教育、养老金和医疗方面进行更多投资，而且应该提高消费者借款。

然而，国务院发展研究所的专家王慧炯说，中国目前缺乏成熟的财政和货币体系来保证对消费者借贷进行管理。

他说，提高个人收入，尤其是农村地区人口的收入，与GDP发展相适应，这对于解决持续下滑的国内消费将是一个行之有效的方法。

练习答案

I.

1. It has caused friction with many of China’s trade partners and America is one of them.

2. They believe the appreciation of the yuan can help US reduce its trade deficit with China and ease domestic inflation pressure.

3. On the one hand， a stronger RMB is good news for those planning overseas travel， study， investment and large-scale company procurement. And it will also stimulate import growth in China. On the other hand， appreciation of the yuan will harm China’s economy， by bringing pressure on export growth.

4. The appreciation of the yuan will make Chinese exports more expensive and therefore reduce export volume. Due to export pressure and low competitiveness， some export-driven small and medium companies may not be able to survive and have to lay off employees.

5. The Chinese Government should encourage domestic exporters to diversify their market， purchase more products made by the United States in the form of government procurement， take more active measures， such as issuing an annul white paper， and accelerate China’s reform of the financial system.

6. On the American side， US consumers had saved US$600 billion in the past decade by buying cheaper goods made in China. China had also used a significant chunk of foreign exchange reserves， partly earnings from its trade surplus， to buy US bonds. For China， exports volume contributes a lot to the economic growth.

II. 1. b 2. f 3. j 4. c 5. i 6. d 7. e 8. a 9. g 10. h

III.

人民币升值对于中国市场是把“双刃剑”。很多经济学家认为，人民币升值会伤害中国经济发展，而不是促进其发展。人民币升值会使中国出口商品变得昂贵，继而会减少出口量。中国出口的生产材料主要是科技含量低的初级产品，导致了出口竞争力较低。人民币升值后，出口产品的价格在国际市场上攀升。因此，市场竞争力将进一步被减弱，给出口增长带来压力。一些以出口为主的中小型公司可能无法生存，不得不解雇员工。

IV.

1. As the comprehensive strength of the national economy grows， the Chinese currency， Renminbi (RMB)， began to appreciate.

2. As the added value of the exported products is low， the appreciation of RMB will affect China’s export.

3. Trade friction between the United States and China will increase in the coming years.

4. The processing of a primary product will add value to the product， thereby improving export returns and creating job opportunities.

5. It is of great importance to persist in small-magnitude appreciation and to improve the managed floating exchange rate system.

V. Omitted

快速阅读1

I. 1. F 2. T 3. T 4. F 5. T

II. 1. A ＆ B 2. C 3. A 4. B 5. D

快速阅读2

I.

1. China’s exports helped reduce the annual inflation rate in the United States by 0.28 percentage points， in the European Union by 0.37 percentage points， and in Japan by 0.65 percentage points.

2. It has pushed up world inflation by increasing commodity prices.

3. Exports and export-based investments are the major driving forces.

4. The central government should encourage people to reduce their precautionary savings by investing more in education， pensions and healthcare. It should also try to increase consumer borrowing.

5. According to him， bringing personal income in line with GDP growth， especially for people in rural areas， would provide the most effective solution to falling domestic consumption.

II. 1. F 2. T 3. F 4. F 5. F