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汉英翻译中人称代词主语转换的语料库考察

时间:2022-03-30 理论教育 版权反馈
【摘要】:5.4 汉英翻译中人称代词主语转换的语料库考察根据本书3.1.2,人称代词主语在汉英、英汉翻译转换中的类型也可分为对应、明示、添加和隐去四种类型:1)对应,即原文中的人称代词主语在译文中同样以人称代词将其译出。  b.在改革中,我们始终坚持两条根本原则,一是以社会主义公有制经济为主体,一是共同富裕。

5.4 汉英翻译中人称代词主语转换的语料库考察

根据本书3.1.2,人称代词主语在汉英、英汉翻译转换中的类型也可分为对应、明示、添加和隐去四种类型:

1)对应(correspondence),即原文中的人称代词主语在译文中同样以人称代词将其译出。如:

a.你乐,你给他钱,我半个子儿没有。

 If you think its sofunny,you give him some money.Idon't have a cent!

  (钱锺书著《围城》,Jeanne Kelly & Nathan K.Mao译)

b.在改革中,我们始终坚持两条根本原则,一是以社会主义公有制经济为主体,一是共同富裕。

 In the reform we have consistently followed twofunda-mental principles.One is the predominance of the so-cialist public sector of the economy;the other is com-mon prosperity.

 (邓小平《在中国共产党全国代表会议上的讲话》)

c.Using these sources as my guide,Iretraced what Ibe-

 lieve was the path he took from Bellingham to Madison County in August of 1965.Driving toward Madison County at the end of my travels,Ifelt Ihad,in many ways,become Robert Kincaid.

 以这些材料为线索,我沿着我认为是金凯1965年8月从贝灵汉到麦迪逊县的路线作了一次旅行,在行程终了时,我觉得自己在很多方面变成了罗伯特·金凯。

 (Robert James Waller,The Bridge of Madison County,梅嘉译)

d.To spare himself,he agreed to disarm of all weapons of mass destruction.

 为了保全自己,他同意解除全部大规模毁灭性武器。

 (George W.Bush,State of the Union Message)

2)明示(explicating),是指将原文中的逻辑主语在译文中以人称代词的形式译出。如:

a.今天不早睡,明天上岸的时候人萎靡没有精神,难看死了。

 If Idont go to bed early,Ill be all tired out and will look a wreck when Igo ashore tomorrow.(钱锺书著

 《围城》,Jeanne Kelly & Nathan K.Mao译)

b.叫她“小宝贝”,还要挨打。

 Here Icall her“precious little darling”and Istill get hit.(同上)

c.不彻底纠正“左”的错误,坚决转移工作重点,就不会有今天的好形势。

 The good situation we have today would not have come about if we had not thoroughly corrected the“Left”mistakes and resolutely shifted the focus of our work.

 (邓小平《在中国共产党全国代表会议上的讲话》)

d.Then our true work begins.

 那时我们才真正开始干啦。

 (Ernest Hemmingway,The Old Man and the Sea,吴劳译)

e.Edward found it something of an effort to comply,for his mind kept wandering—trying to remember what the service was that he had done Goodson.

 听着妻子的话,爱德华有点儿跟不上,因为他总是心猿意马——他在使劲想到底给古德森帮过什么忙。

 (Mark Twain,The Man that Corrupted Hadleyburg,常健译)

f.The claimant Robison was a conscientious objector who had performed alternative service,as required by the draft law.

 申请人鲁宾逊是个因道德或宗教原因而拒服兵役者,他提供了《征兵法》所要求的其他可替代的服务。

 (R.W.Findley & D.A.Farber,Environmental Law in a Nutshell)

3)添加(adding),即原文中没有出现主语,但在译文中却根据上下文添加了人称代词作为主语。如:

a.形势逼人,不进则退。

 Given this pressing situation,we must move forward,or we will fall behind.

 (钱锺书著《围城》,Jeanne Kelly & Nathan K.Mao译)

b.方鸿渐道:“张先生眼光一定好,不会买假东西。”

 Fang Hung-chien said,“Im sure you have a good eye.You wouldnt ever buy a fake.”(同上)

c.因为父母死得早,他忘了生日是在哪一天,自从到城里来,他没过一次生日。

 As his parents had died when he was very young,hehad forgotten the actual date of his birthday and since coming to town he had never celebrated it.

 (老舍著《骆驼祥子》,施晓菁译)

d.我们主要做了两件事,一是拨乱反正,二是全面改革。

 We have done mainly two things:we have set wrong things right,and we have launched the comprehensive reform.

 (邓小平《在中国共产党全国代表会议上的讲话》)

f.有了共同的理想,也就有了铁的纪律。

 Because we shared common ideals,we had strict disci-pline.(同上)

g.It was wicked,that is what it was—just blasphemous presumption,and no more becoming to a meek and humble professor of—

 这叫瞎折腾,就是这么回事——敬酒不吃吃罚酒,你就别再装老实人、装规矩人啦——

 (Mark Twain,The Man that Corrupted Hadleyburg,常健译)

h.The agency also adopted a summary judgment proce-

 dure,under which a manufacturer facing disapproval of a drug would be denied a hearing unless it could demonstrate in advance that it could present a“genuine and substantial issue of fact”under the new rules.

 该机关还采取了即决审判程序,依此程序,面对产品遭否决的制造商将被剥夺听证机会,除非他事前可以证明,根据新的规则,他可提出“真正和实质的事实问题”。

 (R.W.Findley & D.A.Farber,Environmental Law in a Nutshell)

4)隐去(implicating),是指原文中的人称代词主语,在译文中不予译出,可根据交际语境或上下文加以判断。如:

a.我们真大大地失算了。

 It was a great mistake.

 (老舍著《骆驼祥子》,施晓菁译)

b.“叫我一声好听的,我就给你拿。”阿多也笑着回答,仍然走。

 Ah Duo grinned.“Not unless you call me a sweet name!”He continued walking.

 (茅盾著《春蚕》,Sidney Shapiro译)

c.The words had been there for years,and she had never said them.

 这句话已存了多年,但是从来没有说出来过。

 (Robert James Waller,The Bridge of Madison County,梅嘉译)

d.“What do you have to eat?”

 “有什么吃的东西?”

 (Ernest Hemmingway,The Old Man and the Sea,吴劳译)

这里需要指出的是,有时候明示与添加之间的界限较为模糊,如:

(4)你有本领一辈子不娶老婆。

   If you were any good,youd never get married for the rest of your life.

   (钱锺书著《围城》,Jeanne Kelly & Nathan K.Mao译)

例(4)中汉语原文中只有一个显性主语“你”,但该句子既可理解为一个省略了条件连接成分紧缩句,即“你(如果)有本领(就)一辈子不娶老婆”,也可理解为隐去后一分句主语的条件句,即“你有本领(你)一辈子不娶老婆”,这样英语译文中的第二个主语“you”既可以理解为明示也可理解为添加。但因为二者均为显化的表现形式,因而并不影响数据的统计和研究结果。

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