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巴基斯坦国内安全形势显著改善

时间:2022-09-03 百科知识 版权反馈
【摘要】:但是相较2010年和2011年,巴基斯坦安全形势继续得到改善。[211]由上面这些标志性数据可知,2012年巴基斯坦的国内安全局势已经获得显著改善。巴基斯坦塔利班及其盟友还处死许多被俘的巴基斯坦政府军士兵,并将处决过程摄影并公布,以威慑巴基斯坦政府军。2012年1月5日,巴基斯坦塔利班处决2011年年底在坦克地区抓获的15名边境军团士兵。巴基斯坦塔利班也有5名武装分子死于此次袭击。这些警察是巴基斯坦塔利班几天前在白沙瓦俘虏的。

为报复巴基斯坦军队和警察的军事打击和搜查逮捕,巴基斯坦塔利班及其盟友在巴基斯坦全国各地发动大规模恐怖袭击,袭击目标包含政治、军事、外交等诸多层面,造成巨大的生命和财产损失。但是相较2010年和2011年,巴基斯坦安全形势继续得到改善。巴基斯坦军队和警察的死亡人数从2011年的417人降到2012年的228人,降幅约为45%。巴基斯坦平民的死亡人数从2011年的777人降到2012年的472人,降幅约为39%。而恐怖袭击次数从2011年的208次降到2012年的122次,降幅约为41%。[211]由上面这些标志性数据可知,2012年巴基斯坦的国内安全局势已经获得显著改善。

1.巴基斯坦塔利班及其盟友发动的恐怖袭击在巴基斯坦全国蔓延的趋势得到缓解

2012年开年以来,巴基斯坦塔利班及其盟友发动的恐怖袭击在巴基斯坦全国蔓延的趋势得到缓解。2011年巴基斯坦塔利班及其盟友在巴基斯坦全国范围内咄咄逼人的恐怖袭击态势得到有效遏制,大部分恐怖袭击已经被压缩到巴基斯坦的西北部地区,而南部的俾路支斯坦省、旁遮普省和信德省安全形势均有明显改观。

2.巴基斯坦塔利班及其盟友对政治、军事和外交目标进行袭击

由于袭击政治、军事和外交目标对于巴基斯坦政府和军队警察的报复最为直接,且具有极大的震撼力与媒体效应,因而成为巴基斯坦塔利班及其盟友进行恐怖袭击的首选。巴基斯坦塔利班及其盟友还处死许多被俘的巴基斯坦政府军士兵,并将处决过程摄影并公布,以威慑巴基斯坦政府军。2012年1月5日,巴基斯坦塔利班处决2011年年底在坦克地区抓获的15名边境军团士兵。[212]1月9日,巴基斯坦塔利班宣称将释出上周处决15名边境军团士兵的视频。[213]1月9日,巴基斯坦塔利班在奥拉克扎伊部落区处死10名边境军团士兵。[214]

2012年1月12日,武装分子在白沙瓦杀死3名警察。[215]1月14日,巴基斯坦塔利班对德拉·伊斯梅尔·汗的一个警察局发动袭击,导致6人死亡。[216]1月20日,为非政府组织工作的1个德国人和1个意大利人在木尔坦被绑架。[217]2月11日,巴基斯坦塔利班声称在木尔坦被绑架的1个德国人和1个意大利人在自己手上。[218]1月30日,一名巴基斯坦安全官员在坦克地区死于路边炸弹袭击。[219]2月2日,巴基斯坦塔利班在拉基·马尔瓦特伏击杀死3名警察。[220]2月16日,巴基斯坦塔利班在白沙瓦发动自杀式袭击,导致5名警察受伤。[221]2月22日,不明身份的枪手在阿伯塔巴德枪杀2名巴基斯坦安全人员和一个平民。[222]2月25日,一个阿卜杜拉·阿扎姆旅的自杀袭击小组在白沙瓦杀死4名警察。[223]3月2日,巴基斯坦塔利班在白沙瓦杀害一名巴基斯坦情报官员。[224]

2012年3月2日,巴基斯坦塔利班在白沙瓦杀害一名中国籍妇女。[225]3月3日,巴基斯坦塔利班在查尔萨达对巴基斯坦政府前内政部部长阿夫塔布·艾哈迈德·汗·谢尔宝的车队发动自杀式炸弹袭击,导致一名警察和一名妇女身亡。[226]3月13日,不明身份的枪手在北瓦济里斯坦部落区一名政府官员的办公室中将其枪杀。[227]3月14日,巴基斯坦塔利班在白沙瓦发动袭击,打死一名女孩,打伤7名警察。[228]4月15日,巴基斯坦塔利班攻击班努的一个监狱,并放走近400名犯人。[229]4月15日,巴基斯坦塔利班在南瓦济里斯坦部落区发动自杀式袭击,炸伤两名士兵。[230]

2012年5月16日,英国、法国和澳大利亚驻巴基斯坦大使馆都收到装有可疑粉末的包裹和威胁信件。[231]6月16日,7个警察死于在科哈特发生的炸弹爆炸。[232]6月25日,马拉坎德的巴基斯坦塔利班杀死17名巴基斯坦政府军士兵。[233]6月28日,伊斯兰军在开伯尔部落区发动路边炸弹袭击,导致8名巴基斯坦政府军士兵死亡。[234]7月12日,巴基斯坦塔利班攻击位于拉合尔的一个警察训练中心,导致8名警察丧生。[235]8月16日,巴基斯坦塔利班对位于伊斯兰堡西北方向60千米处的卡姆拉空军基地展开袭击,导致1名巴基斯坦政府军士兵和6名巴基斯坦塔利班武装分子死亡。[236]8月17日,巴基斯坦塔利班在奎达市发动路边炸弹袭击,导致6名巴基斯坦安全人员死亡。[237]

2012年9月2日,巴基斯坦塔利班在白沙瓦对一辆美国驻白沙瓦领事馆的车辆进行恐怖袭击,导致至少2名巴基斯坦人死亡和包括2名美国领事馆人员在内的19人受伤。[238]10月15日,巴基斯坦塔利班在白沙瓦杀害一名警方主管以及6名警察和边境警察。[239]11月5日,一位人民民族党的领导人在查尔萨达遭遇枪击身亡。[240]11月8日,一名巴基斯坦塔利班的自杀式袭击者对卡拉奇的准军事部队司令部发起攻击,导致3人死亡。[241]11月13日,塔利班在奎达市利用路边炸弹袭击,杀死两名边境军团士兵。[242]12月10日,一个巴基斯坦塔利班自杀袭击小组对班努一个警察局发动攻击,导致1名军人、3名警察和2名平民死亡。巴基斯坦塔利班声称:发动这次恐怖袭击是为给巴基斯坦塔利班前埃米尔拜图拉·马哈苏德死去的侄子复仇。[243]12月15日,一个巴基斯坦塔利班自杀袭击小组在白沙瓦机场的军用区域发动攻击,导致4名平民死亡。巴基斯坦塔利班也有5名武装分子死于此次袭击。[244]12月18日,巴基斯坦塔利班对里萨尔普尔一个征兵中心发动手榴弹袭击,导致10人受伤。[245]12月30日,巴基斯坦塔利班处决21名巴基斯坦警察。这些警察是巴基斯坦塔利班几天前在白沙瓦俘虏的。[246]

3.巴基斯坦塔利班及其盟友对民间目标进行袭击

巴基斯坦塔利班袭击民间目标的主要意图是对巴基斯坦政府和平民进行报复和威慑,阻挠联邦直辖部落区重建,剥夺普什图部落年轻人接受世俗教育的机会,以保持对自身发展有利的社会经济环境。为扰乱联邦直辖部落区重建的步伐,巴基斯坦塔利班对联邦直辖部落区的亲政府普什图部落长老展开恐怖袭击。巴基斯坦塔利班深知世俗教育不利于自己的持续发展,所以努力摧毁学校,杀死老师。此外,摧毁学校还可以报复支持巴基斯坦政府和巴基斯坦政府军的当地普什图部落民。出于宗教激进主义的性别偏见,巴基斯坦塔利班强烈反对女性接受教育,因而对于摧毁女子学校尤其积极。

2012年1月7日,巴基斯坦塔利班对北瓦济里斯坦部落区一所学校发动火箭弹攻击。[247]1月10日,恐怖分子在开伯尔部落区一个市场发动炸弹袭击,导致35个平民被炸死。[248]1月20日,巴基斯坦塔利班在开伯尔部落区发动炸弹袭击,导致2人死亡。[249]2月3日,巴基斯坦塔利班对白沙瓦一个部落长老发动自杀式袭击,杀死3人。[250]6月16日,25个人死于在开伯尔部落区一个市场发生的炸弹袭击。[251]2月3日,巴基斯坦塔利班对德拉·伊斯梅尔·汗一个女子学校发动炸弹攻击。[252]2月12日,白沙瓦发生炸弹爆炸,导致7人死亡。[253]2月16日,巴基斯坦塔利班在迪尔发动自杀式袭击,炸死3人。[254]2月22日,伊斯兰军在开伯尔部落区发动路边炸弹袭击,导致3人死亡。[255]2月23日,巴基斯坦塔利班对白沙瓦郊外一个公共汽车站发动汽车炸弹袭击,导致13人死亡。[256]2月25日,巴基斯坦塔利班对斯瓦比一个学校发动炸弹袭击。[257]2月27日,巴基斯坦塔利班在瑙仕拉发动汽车炸弹袭击,导致7人死亡。[258]2月29日,伊斯兰军在开伯尔部落区发动炸弹袭击,导致一名妇女和一名儿童死亡。[259]

2012年3月2日,伊斯兰军在开伯尔部落区发动自杀式袭击,导致45人死亡。[260]3月7日,巴基斯坦塔利班在白沙瓦发动炸弹袭击,导致一名儿童身亡。[261]3月9日,巴基斯坦塔利班在奥拉克扎伊部落区杀死一名部落武装领导人。[262]3月14日,巴基斯坦塔利班在瑙仕拉对一所学校进行炸弹袭击。[263]3月14日,巴基斯坦塔利班在巴焦尔部落区利用炸弹袭击杀死6名部落武装成员。[264]3月17日,巴基斯坦塔利班对斯瓦比一个学校发动炸弹袭击。[265]

2012年4月2日,巴基斯坦塔利班在开伯尔部落区发动炸弹袭击,炸死一人。[266]4月5日,一个自杀式袭击者在卡拉奇炸死3人。[267]4月6日,巴基斯坦塔利班对莫哈曼德部落区一个女子学校发动炸弹袭击。[268]4月22日,巴基斯坦塔利班对白沙瓦和德拉·伊斯梅尔·汗的两所学校和一个诊所发动炸弹袭击。[269]4月29日,巴基斯坦塔利班在开伯尔部落区发动炸弹袭击,导致2人死亡。[270]

2012年5月6日,巴基斯坦塔利班对南瓦济里斯坦部落区和莫哈曼德部落区的两所学校发动炸弹攻击。[271]5月6日,巴基斯坦塔利班在迪尔发动炸弹袭击,导致一人死亡。[272]5月11日,巴基斯坦塔利班在开伯尔部落区发动迫击炮攻击,导致5名平民死亡。[273]6月7日,12人在奎达一个学校的外面死于炸弹袭击。[274]6月13日,巴基斯坦塔利班在科哈特对一个学校进行炸弹袭击。[275]7月18日,巴基斯坦塔利班在奥拉克扎伊部落区利用路边炸弹袭击杀死10名平民。[276]7月26日,巴基斯坦塔利班在巴焦尔部落区发动炸弹袭击,导致9人死亡。[277]7月29日,巴基斯坦塔利班在曼色拉一个电影院外面发动炸弹袭击,导致1人死亡。[278]7月29日,巴基斯坦塔利班对斯瓦比一个女子学校发动炸弹袭击。[279]

8月9日,巴基斯坦塔利班对莫哈曼德部落区一个女子学校发动炸弹袭击。[280]8月17日,在卡拉奇发生一起炸弹袭击,导致一人死亡。[281]8月25日,巴基斯坦塔利班在开伯尔部落区发动迫击炮袭击,导致9名平民死亡。[282]

9月2日,巴基斯坦塔利班对马丹一间音像商店发动炸弹袭击。[283]9月16日,迪尔南部发生一起路边炸弹袭击事件,导致14位平民死亡。[284]9月18日,卡拉奇一个市场发生连续两次炸弹袭击,导致8人死亡。[285]9月19日,巴基斯坦塔利班在白沙瓦发动炸弹袭击,导致9人死亡。[286]10月25日,巴基斯坦塔利班对莫哈曼德部落区两所学校发动炸弹袭击。[287]10月26日,巴基斯坦塔利班在汉古用炸弹袭击杀死一名女孩。[288]12月11日,巴基斯坦塔利班炸毁莫哈曼德部落区的一个手机基站[289]12月17日,巴基斯坦塔利班对开伯尔部落区一个公共汽车站发动炸弹袭击,导致17人死亡。[290]12月18日,巴基斯坦塔利班在白沙瓦枪杀一名医疗人员。[291]12月30日,巴基斯坦塔利班在马斯腾发动炸弹袭击,导致19人死亡。[292]

4.巴基斯坦塔利班及其盟友对宗教目标进行袭击

巴基斯坦塔利班大多属于逊尼派穆斯林,对巴基斯坦的其他宗教和伊斯兰教其他派别信徒进行袭击不但可以满足自己的门户之见,还可以挑起巴基斯坦国内的宗教矛盾,使其有机会从中渔利,因而巴基斯坦塔利班对巴基斯坦国内的宗教目标展开大规模袭击。2012年2月17日,一名巴基斯坦塔利班自杀式袭击者在库拉姆部落区一个市场炸死39名什叶派教徒。[293]6月21日,武装分子在白沙瓦一个苏非派的圣墓发动炸弹袭击,炸死3人。[294]6月21日,武装分子在奎达市一个清真寺发动炸弹袭击,导致2人死亡。[295]8月16日,不明身份的枪手在吉尔吉特将20名什叶派信徒拖下公共汽车,并将他们处死。[296]9月18日,3名什叶派朝圣者在马斯腾死于路边炸弹袭击。[297]

5.巴基斯坦塔利班及其盟友在联邦直辖部落区巩固权威

巴基斯坦塔利班不但在联邦直辖部落区实施严酷统治,还在巴基斯坦全国各地发动恐怖袭击,因而名声开始变坏,并逐渐失去感召力,越来越多人开始站到其对立面。为扭转这一不利趋势,巴基斯坦塔利班对不支持自己的普什图部落长老、普什图部落民和普什图部落武装展开残忍报复。巴基斯坦塔利班还借助处决背叛者来加强对自身成员的控制。2月20日,伊斯兰军在开伯尔部落区发动路边炸弹袭击,炸死9名部落武装成员。[298]4月11日,伊斯兰军在开伯尔公开处决两名背叛者和巴基斯坦政府支持的部落的5个部落民。两名背叛者中的一个是伊斯兰军的前指挥官。他转而加入反伊斯兰军的部落武装。[299]5月6日,巴基斯坦塔利班攻击库拉姆部落区一个反巴基斯坦塔利班部落长老的住宅,导致两人死亡。[300]6月11日,开伯尔部落区发生炸弹袭击,导致包括一名反巴基斯坦塔利班部落武装领导人在内的2人死亡。[301]7月14日,一个反巴基斯坦塔利班部落武装领导人在开伯尔部落区死于路边炸弹袭击。[302]8月12日,两个反巴基斯坦塔利班部落武装成员在开伯尔部落区遇袭身亡。[303]10月26日,巴基斯坦塔利班在斯瓦特地区发动两次袭击,杀死两名亲巴基斯坦政府的和平委员会成员。[304]11月5日,巴基斯坦塔利班在布内尔杀死一个反巴基斯坦塔利班的和平委员会的领袖阿卜杜尔·拉赫曼。[305]

6.巴基斯坦塔利班及其盟友对北约补给运输队的袭击陷入困顿

2011年11月底,巴基斯坦政府为报复北约联军越境空袭炸死24名巴基斯坦士兵,关闭为北约运送补给的两条长距离运输通道。此后,直至2012年7月初,巴基斯坦政府才同意开启北约联军的补给运输通道。因此,巴基斯坦塔利班对于北约补给运输队的袭击在2012年一半时间内陷于停顿。7月初,巴基斯坦重新开启北约运输补给通道。[306]7月26日,巴基斯坦暂时关闭北约联军通往阿富汗的补给线。[307]8月4日,巴基斯坦重新开通借由开伯尔山口通往阿富汗的补给通道。[308]在巴基斯坦开启北约运输通道以后,巴基斯坦塔利班对于北约联军补给运输队的袭击也未能恢复之前的烈度。

7.恐怖组织之间关系较为紧张

由于恐怖组织内部激烈的权力斗争、不同恐怖组织之间缺少必要的协调和一元化的领导以及生存空间被巴基斯坦政府军严重压缩,同一恐怖组织内部和不同恐怖组织之间都屡屡爆发严重暴力冲突。3月23日,一名自杀式袭击者在开伯尔部落区袭击伊斯兰军的一个清真寺,导致5人死亡。[309]7月26日,伊斯兰军在开伯尔部落区的总部遭到炸弹袭击,导致3人死亡。[310]8月7日,7名巴基斯坦塔利班战士在开伯尔部落区被路边炸弹炸死。[311]11月29日,南瓦济里斯坦部落区的瓦纳地区发生一次自杀式袭击,导致南瓦济里斯坦部落区强权人物纳兹尔毛拉被炸伤,另有6人被炸死。[312]12月31日,在北瓦济里斯坦部落区发现9名巴基斯坦塔利班人员的尸体。这些巴基斯坦塔利班人员被发现在头部和胸部有多处遭到射击的伤痕,而且尸体被丢弃在路边。[313]

总的来看,在2009年巴基斯坦政府开始大规模清剿巴基斯坦塔利班以后,巴基斯坦的安全形势立即恶化。但从2010年至2012年,巴基斯坦的国内安全形势逐渐好转。巴基斯坦政府军和警察联手对巴基斯坦塔利班及其盟友展开军事清剿行动和搜查逮捕行动。巴基斯坦政府军持续在巴基斯坦西北部普什图部落地区进行军事清剿行动,并取得一些成果。巴基斯坦反恐斗争日益呈现出低烈度与长期化的特征。虽然巴基斯坦塔利班及其盟友继续在巴基斯坦全国各地发动恐怖袭击,但所造成的生命和财产损失逐年降低。在巴基斯坦政府的努力下,巴基斯坦安全形势得以逐渐改观。尽管如此,“911”事件以后巴基斯坦国内安全形势恶化的势头并未得到根本改观。巴基斯坦政府支持美国反恐引发的诸多国内问题并未得到有效解决。美巴关系对巴基斯坦国内局势的影响,以及巴基斯坦国内局势对美巴关系的影响,已经产生让人无法忽视的联动效应。这值得相关领域的研究者持续关注。

【注释】

[1]http://www.dawn.com/wps/wcm/connect/dawn-content-library/dawn/news/pakistan/04-eighty-percent-mohmand-cleared-qs-05.

[2]http://www.dawn.com/wps/wcm/connect/dawn-content-library/dawn/news/pakistan/04-swat-oarts-cleared-qs-10.

[3]http://www.dawn.com/wps/wcm/connect/dawn-content-library/dawn/news/pakistan/04-army-bajaur-qs-10.

[4]http://news.dawn.com/wps/wcm/connect/dawn-content-library/dawn/news/pakistan/44-eighty-per-cent-of-kurram-cleared-of-militants-saysarmy-fa-01.

[5]http://wwwi.spr.gov.pk/front/main.asp?o=t-press_release&id=1310.

[6]http://www.dailytimes.com.pk/default.asp?page=2010\06\03\story_3-6-2010_pg1_1.

[7]http://news.dawn.com/wps/wcm/connect/dawn-content-library/dawn/news/pakistan/55-orakzai-cleared-of-militants-%2C+says-army-sy-02.

[8]http://www.geo.tv/10-26-2010/73439.htm.

[9]http://www.dawn.com/wps/wcm/connect/dawn-content-library/dawn/news/pakistan/03-military-to-end-south-waziristan-operation-ss-14.

[10]http://news.dawn.com/wps/wcm/connect/dawn-content-library/dawn/news/pakistan/04-swaziristan-cleared-qs-01.

[11]http://www.thenational.ae/news/worldwide/south-asia/south-waziristanunder-control-says-pakistan-army-chief.

[12]http://news.dawn.com/wps/wcm/connect/dawn-content-library/dawn/news/pakistan/provinces/12-clashes+between+two+militant+groups+in+kurram+10+dead--bi-03.

[13]http://www.longwarjournal.org/multimedia/maps/FullImageWrapperLatestFullImage.php.

[14]http://news.dawn.com/wps/wcm/connect/dawn-content-library/dawn/news/pakistan/04-general-wyne-pakistan-threats-qs-05.

[15]http://www.longwarjournal.org/archives/2010/01/no_new_offensives_in.php.

[16]http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/south_asia/8471789.stm.

[17]http://www.dailytimes.com.pk/default.asp?page=2010\03\18\story_18-3-2010_pg1_6.

[18]http://www.geo.tv/6-20-2010/67048.htm.

[19]http://news.dawn.com/wps/wcm/connect/dawn-content-library/dawn/news/pakistan/12-us+demand+of+army+operation+in+nw+rejected--bi-05.

[20]http://www.dawn.com/wps/wcm/connect/dawn-content-library/dawn/news/pakistan/12-pakistan+says+time+not+right+for+anti-taliban+assault--bi-03.

[21]http://www.dailytimes.com.pk/default.asp?page=2010\12\02\story_2-12-2010_pg7_33.

[22]数据来源:http://www.longwarjournal.org/cgi-bin/mt-search.cgi?tag=Pakistan&blog_id=7。

[23]http://www.dawn.com/wps/wcm/connect/dawn-content-library/dawn/news/pakistan/03-key-suspect-arrested-in-lakki-marwat-ss-01.

[24]http://news.dawn.com/wps/wcm/connect/dawn-content-library/dawn/news/pakistan/04-pak-cooperation-ny-suspect-qs-08.

[25]http://www.dawn.com/wps/wcm/connect/dawn-content-library/dawn/news/world/12-army+major+arrested+in+new+york+bomb+plot+wp--bi-04.

[26]http://www.dailytimes.com.pk/default.asp?page=2010\11\28\story_28-11-2010_pg7_17.

[27]http://www.nation.com.pk/pakistan-news-newspaper-daily-englishonline/Politics/11-Dec-2010/Freeze-of-488-accounts-ordered.

[28]http://www.dailytimes.com.pk/default.asp?page=2010\06\04\story_4-6-2010_pg7_25.

[29]http://www.dawn.com/wps/wcm/connect/dawn-content-library/dawn/news/pakistan/04-army-suicide-jacket-supplier-qs-01.

[30]http://www.dailytimes.com.pk/default.asp?page=2010\01\06\story_6-1-2010_pg7_20.;http://www.dawn.com/wps/wcm/connect/dawn-content-library/dawn/news/pakistan/metropolitan/03-explosive-material-found-in-second-raidin-lahore-ss-02.

[31]http://www.geo.tv/8-29-2010/70666.htm.

[32]http://wwwl.ongwarjournal.org/today-in/2010/10/the_taliban_killed_two_pakista.php.

[33]http://www.brookings.edu/~/media/Files/rc/speeches/2009/1211_south_asia_cohen/1211_south_asia_cohen.pdf.

[34]http://www.dawn.com/wps/wcm/connect/dawn-content-library/dawn/news/pakistan/04-mullah-baradar-ispr-confirms-qs-07.

[35]http://www.washingtontimes.com/news/2010/feb/19/militant-chiefs-linked-toal-qaedataliban-shadow-g/.

[36]http://www.dawn.com/wps/wcm/connect/dawn-content-library/dawn/news/pakistan/04-two-taliban-arrested-pakistan-qs-07.

[37]http://liveshots.blogs.foxnews.com/2010/02/21/exclusive-major-talibanoperative-capture/.

[38]http://www.adnkronos.com/AKI/English/Security/?id=3.1.168727246.

[39]http://www.globalpost.com/dispatch/pakistan/090526/winning-the-heartsand-minds-pakistan%E2%80%99s-displaced.

[40]http://news.dawn.com/wps/wcm/connect/dawn-content-library/dawn/news/pakistan/03-more-than-200000-flee-tribal-regions-un-ss-07.

[41]http://news.dawn.com/wps/wcm/connect/dawn-content-library/dawn/thenewspaper/national/bajaur-declared-conflictfree-zone-040.

[42]http://news.dawn.com/wps/wcm/connect/dawn-content-library/dawn/news/pakistan/03-pakistan-starts-resettling-south-waziristan-tribes-ss-13.

[43]http://www.geo.tv/11-27-2010/74930.htm.

[44]http://www.dailytimes.com.pk/default.asp?page=2010\06\03\story_3-6-2010_pg1_1.

[45]http://www.dailytimes.com.pk/default.asp?page=2010\04\09\story_9-4-2010_pg1_6.

[46]http://news.dawn.com/wps/wcm/connect/dawn-content-library/dawn/news/pakistan/07-air-strikes-kill-32-in-khyber-jirgah-ha-06.

[47]http://news.dawn.com/wps/wcm/connect/dawn-content-library/dawn/news/pakistan/21-pakistan-jets-target-militant-hide-outs-60-killed-sk-03.

[48]http://news.dawn.com/wps/wcm/connect/dawn-content-library/dawn/news/pakistan/16-punjabi+taliban+a+growing+threat-hs-05.

[49]http://news.dawn.com/wps/wcm/connect/dawn-content-library/dawn/news/pakistan/provinces/14-bomb-blast-in-quettas-civil-hospital-zj-07.

[50]http://www.geo.tv/6-1-2010/65946.htm.

[51]http://www.geo.tv/6-9-2010/66371.htm.

[52]http://news.dawn.com/wps/wcm/connect/dawn-content-library/dawn/news/pakistan/metropolitan/03-explosion-outside-karachi-city-courts-07.

[53]http://news.dawn.com/wps/wcm/connect/dawn-content-library/dawn/news/pakistan/99-bomb-blast-baba-farid-shrine-pakpattan-ik-03.

[54]http://islamabad.usembassy.gov/pr-10040501.html.

[55]http://news.dawn.com/wps/wcm/connect/dawn-content-library/dawn/news/pakistan/metropolitan/03-blast-in-saddar-area-of-peshawar-ss-03.

[56]http://www.dailytimes.com.pk/default.asp?page=2010\04\07\story_7-4-2010_pg1_4.

[57]http://wwwl.ongwarjournal.org/today-in/2010/07/security_forces_killed_22_tali_2.php.

[58]http://www.geo.tv/8-4-2010/69471.htm.

[59]http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/articleshow/6444764.cms?frm=mailtofriend.

[60]http://www.samaa.tv/News25193-At_least_21_dead_in_Kohat_blast.aspx.

[61]http://www.dailytimes.com.pk/default.asp?page=2010\09\10\story_10-9-2010_pg1_8.

[62]http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/asia/pakistan/8127362/Pakistani-Taliban-claims-responsibility-for-Karachi-attack.html.

[63]http://www.dailytimes.com.pk/default.asp?page=2010\12\08\story_8-12-2010_pg1_1.

[64]http://wwwl.ongwarjournal.org/today-in/2010/08/a_us_predator_strike_killed.php.

[65]http://news.dawn.com/wps/wcm/connect/dawn-content-library/dawn/thenewspaper/local/peshawar/afghan-taliban-kidnap-10-labourers-from-chitral-080.

[66]http://wwwl.ongwarjournal.org/today-in/2010/09/the_taliban_killed_a_female.php.

[67]http://www.dailytimes.com.pk/default.asp?page=2010\04\27\story_27-4-2010_pg1_4.

[68]http://www.dailytimes.com.pk/default.asp?page=2010\04\08\story_8-4-2010_pg7_9.

[69]http://news.dawn.com/wps/wcm/connect/dawn-content-library/dawn/news/pakistan/04-bajaur-female-teacher-killed-qs-05.

[70]http://www.dawn.com/2010/12/13/explosion-targets-school-bus-inpeshawar.html.

[71]http://www.geo.tv/5-28-2010/65748.htm.

[72]http://www.reuters.com/article/idUSTRE6604LF20100701.

[73]http://wwwl.ongwarjournal.org/today-in/2010/07/us_secretary_of_state_clinton_2.php.

[74]http://www.geo.tv/9-1-2010/70808.htm.

[75]http://www.geo.tv/9-3-2010/70891.htm.

[76]http://news.dawn.com/wps/wcm/connect/dawn-content-library/dawn/news/pakistan/two+policemen+injured+in+mardan+church+blast.

[77]http://news.dawn.com/wps/wcm/connect/dawn-content-library/dawn/news/pakistan/44-swat-universitys-vice-chancellor-dr-farooq-assasinated-fa-03.

[78]http://news.dawn.com/wps/wcm/connect/dawn-content-library/dawn/news/pakistan/44-two-explosions-abdullah-shah-ghazi-karachi-fa-01.

[79]http://www.dailytimes.com.pk/default.asp?page=2010\10\15\story_15-10-2010_pg7_14.

[80]http://www.geo.tv/12-10-2010/75587.htm.

[81]http://news.dawn.com/wps/wcm/connect/dawn-content-library/dawn/news/pakistan/provinces/16-taliban+families+expelled+from+swat-hs-10.

[82]http://news.dawn.com/wps/wcm/connect/dawn-content-library/dawn/news/pakistan/16-tribes+vow+to+expel+mehsud+militants-hs-04.

[83]http://www.dailytimes.com.pk/default.asp?page=2010\06\07\story_7-6-2010_pg7_22.

[84]http://www.dailytimes.com.pk/default.asp?page=2010\10\16\story_16-10-2010_pg7_14.

[85]http://www.dawn.com/wps/wcm/connect/dawn-content-library/dawn/thenewspaper/front-page/12-militants-burn-village-in-lower-orakzai--bi-01.

[86]http://www.dawn.com/wps/wcm/connect/dawn-content-library/dawn/news/pakistan/provinces/06-taliban-cut-off-hands-of-three-tribesmen-rs-04.

[87]http://www.nytimes.com/2010/07/10/world/asia/10pstan.html?_r=1&ref=global-home.

[88]http://news.dawn.com/wps/wcm/connect/dawn-content-library/dawn/news/pakistan/04-peshawar-khyber-militants-attack-qs-04.

[89]http://newsi.n.msn.com/international/article.aspx?cp-documentid=4739259.

[90]http://www.dawn.com/2010/12/31/taliban-free-detained-pakistanitribesmen.html.

[91]http://www.dawn.com/2010/12/25/explosion-in-bajaur-agencies-kharhead-quarter-several-injured.html.

[92]http://news.dawn.com/wps/wcm/connect/dawn-content-library/dawn/news/pakistan/04-taliban-kill-six-nwaziristan-qs-06.

[93]http://news.dawn.com/wps/wcm/connect/dawn-content-library/dawn/news/pakistan/provinces/16-taliban+kill+2+alleged+us+spies+in+north+waziristan-hs-10.

[94]http://news.dawn.com/wps/wcm/connect/dawn-content-library/dawn/news/pakistan/03-taliban-blow-up-us-spies-in-north-waziristan-ss-01.

[95]http://www.dailytimes.com.pk/default.asp?page=2010\08\11\story_11-8-2010_pg1_8.

[96]http://www.dailytimes.com.pk/default.asp?page=2010\08\15\story_15-8-2010_pg1_6.

[97]http://www.dawn.com/wps/wcm/connect/dawn-content-library/dawn/news/pakistan/03-banned-outfits-not-allowed-to-visit-flood-hit+area-malik-ss-05.

[98]http://www.geo.tv/5-18-2010/65169.htm.

[99]http://www.dailytimes.com.pk/default.asp?page=2010\06\07\story_7-6-2010_pg7_21.

[100]http://news.dawn.com/wps/wcm/connect/dawn-content-library/dawn/news/pakistan/provinces/12-clashes+between+two+militant+groups+in+kurram+10+dead--bi-03.

[101]http://www.dawn.com/wps/wcm/connect/dawn-content-library/dawn/thenewspaper/national/hakimullahs-men-clash-with-nazir-group-three-killed-980.

[102]http://www.longwarjournal.org/today-in/2010/08/punjabi_taliban_leader_usman_p.php.

[103]Khaleeq Kiani,“Taliban regrouping in Balochistan,say intelligence reports”,22October,2011,http://www.dawn.com/2011/10/22/taliban-regrouping-inbalochistan-say-intelligence-reports.html.

[104]“Army operation successfully completed in Kurram:Sec Fata”,19February,2011,http://www.dawn.com/2011/02/19/army-operation-successfully-completed-in-kurram-sec-fata.html.

[105]“Army claims 80per cent of Mohmand cleared”,1September,2011,http://www.dawn.com/2011/09/01/army-claims-80-per-cent-of-mohmand-cleared.html.

[106]“General Kayani says militants'back broken”,23April,2011,http://www.dawn.com/2011/04/23/general-kayani-says-militants%E2%80%99-back-broken.html.

[107]“Key Pakistan Taliban leader arrested in Islamabad”,3July,2011,http://news.xinhuanet.com/english2010/world/2011-07/03/c_13962972.htm.

[108]“Taliban commander arrested in connection with Karachi violence”,13July,2011,http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2011-07-13/pakistan/29768789_1_taliban-commander-karachi-rival-gangs.

[109]“Taliban commander arrested in Islamabad”,Dawn,14August,2011,http://www.dawn.com/2011/08/14/taliban-commander-arrested-in-islamabad.html.

[110]“Taliban commander Fazal Mehsud arrested in Karachi”,16August,2011,http://www.dawn.com/2011/08/16/taliban-commander-fazal-mehsud-arrested-in-karachi.html.

[111]“Al qaeda commander for external operations nabbed from quetta,”www.ispr.gov.pk,5September,2011,http://www.ispr.gov.pk/front/main.asp?o=t-press_release&id=1827.

[112]“TTP commander arrested in Karachi”,Dawn,24September,2011,http://www.dawn.com/2011/09/24/ttp-commander-arrested-in-karachi.html.

[113]“Taliban leader killed in Bara”,Daily Times,7October,2011,http://www.dailytimes.com.pk/default.asp?page=2011\10\07\story_7-10-2011_pg7_11.

[114]“Three terrorists involved in Faisalabad attack arrested:officials”,Dawn,21 March,2011,http://www.dawn.com/2011/03/21/three-terrorists-involved-infaisalabad-attack-arrested-officials.html.

[115]“Pakistani forces kill five suicide bombers,including women”,Samaa TV News,17May,2011,http://www.samaa.tv/newsdetail.aspx?ID=32047.

[116]“Karachi police‘foil Taliban terror attacks’”,Dawn,20May,2011,http://www.dawn.com/2011/05/20/karachi-police-%E2%80%98foil-taliban-terrorattacks%E2%80%99.html.

[117]“Suspected suicide bomber nabbed in Karachi”,Samaa TV News,12June,2011,http://www.samaa.tv/newsdetail.aspx?ID=32949.

[118]“Two suicide bombers captured”,Daily Times,16July,2011,http://www.dailytimes.com.pk/?page=2011\07\16\story_16-7-2011_pg7_11.

[119]“Police foil potential attack in Islamabad;terrorist arrested”,Dawn,26 August,2011,http://www.dawn.com/2011/08/26/police-foil-potential-attack-in-islamabad-terrorist-arrested.html.

[120]“Islamabad terror plot foiled”,Daily Times,9October,2011,http://www.dailytimes.com.pk/default.asp?page=2011%5C10%5C09%5Cstory_9-10-2011_pg7_2.

[121]“Police foils terrorism bid in Islamabad”,Dawn,13October,2011,http://www.dawn.com/2011/10/13/police-foils-terrorism-bid-in-islamabad.html.

[122]Samina Ahmed,“Winning the hearts and minds of Pakistan's displaced”,Global Post,26May,2009,http://www.globalpost.com/dispatch/pakistan/090526/winningthe-hearts-and-minds-pakistan%E2%80%99s-displaced.

[123]“Pakistanis flee army offensive near Afghan border”,BBC News,4February,2011,http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-south-asia-12363924.

[124]“3commanders among six killed in Orakzai”,Daily Times,7January,2011,http://www.dailytimes.com.pk/default.asp?page=2011\01\07\story_7-1-2011_pg7_6.

[125]Pakhtun Shinwari,“Khyber clash leaves 20dead,50injured”,2April,2011,http://www.pajhwok.com/en/2011/04/02/khyber-clash-leaves-20-dead-50-injured.

[126]“Afghan terrorist killed in Bajaur”,Daily Times,28September,2011,http://www.dailytimes.com.pk/default.asp?page=2011\09\28\story_28-9-2011_pg7_12.

[127]Qaiser Butt,“Government opens peace talks with local Taliban”,http://tribune.com.pk,21March,2011,http://tribune.com.pk/story/135710/governmentopens-peace-talks-with-local-taliban/.

[128]“Pakistan attack:‘Schoolboy’suicide bomber hits Mardan”,BBC News,10 February,2011,http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-south-asia-12413469.

[129]“Khyber blast destroys stadium building,school”,Dawn,19February,2011,http://www.dawn.com/2011/02/19/khyber-blast-destroys-stadium-buildingschool.html.

[130]Samson Desta,“Taliban claims responsibility for deadly attack”,CNN,8 March,2011,http://edition.cnn.com/2011/WORLD/asiapcf/03/08/pakistan.blast/.;“At least 32killed in Faisalabad blast”;“Taliban claim responsibility”,Dawn,8March,2011,http://www.dawn.com/2011/03/08/Explosion-heard-in-faisalabad-reports.html.

[131]“Pakistani Taliban claim killing of Saudi diplomat”,16May,2011,http://www.reuters.com/article/2011/05/16/uk-pakistan-saudi-claimidUSTRE74F1T820110516.

[132]Faris Ali,“Car bomb destroys police station in Pakistan,six dead”,25May,2011,http://www.reuters.com/article/2011/05/25/us-pakistan-explosionidUSTRE74O04Z20110525.

[133]“Death toll in suicide bombing in Pakistan rises to 24”,26May,2011,http://www.reuters.com/article/2011/05/26/us-pakistan-blast-hanguidUSTRE74P3X520110526.

[134]Saud Mehsud,“Taliban militant and wife staged attack on Pakistani police”,26 Jun,2011,http://www.reuters.com/article/2011/06/26/us-pakistan-violenceidUSTRE75P0DZ20110626.

[135]“American man kidnapped by assailants in Pakistan”,13August,2011,http://www.reuters.com/article/2011/08/13/us-pakistan-us-kidnapidUSTRE77C0DI20110813.

[136]“Taliban suicide blast in Karachi leaves eight dead”,Dawn,19September,2011,http://www.dawn.com/2011/09/19/heavy-bomb-blast-in-karachi.html.

[137]“Suicide bomber kills militant fighter”,CNN,28October,2011,http://articles.cnn.com/2011-10-28/asia/world_asia_pakistan-violence_1_suicidebomber-suicide-attack-senior-police-official?_s=PM:ASIA.

[138]“16killed in two Khyber attacks”,Geo TV News.13November,2011,http://www.geo.tv/11-13-2011/88796.htm.

[139]Augustine Anthony and Zeeshan Haider,“Pakistan crisis deepens as governor shot dead”,4Jan,2011,http://www.reuters.com/article/2011/01/04/us-pakistanpolitics-idUSTRE7010QP20110104.

[140]“Pakistan Minister Shahbaz Bhatti assassinated in Capital City”,Pakistan Times,3March,2011,http://www.pakistantimes.net/pt/detail.php?newsId=19478.

[141]“ANP leader,two others killed in Swat”,Dawn,28May,2011,http://www.dawn.com/2011/05/28/anp-leader-two-others-killed-in-swat.html.

[142]“Bomb kills local ANP leader in Lower Dir”,Daily Times,14September,2011,http://www.dailytimes.com.pk/default.asp?page=2011\09\14\story_14-9-2011_pg1_6.

[143]“Pakistan's governor escapes missile attack”,11Oct,2011,http://www.reuters.com/article/2011/10/11/us-pakistan-violence-idUSTRE79A2ST20111011.

[144]“Former senior government official killed in Swabi blast”,Dawn,7November,2011,http://www.dawn.com/2011/11/07/former-senior-government-officialkilled-in-swabi-blast.html.

[145]“Taliban claims responsibility for attack on naval facility in Karachi that has left at least 13dead”,23May,2011,http://english.aljazeera.net/news/asia/2011/05/201152218582675282.html.

[146]“Twin blasts kill more than 80in Charsadda”,Dawn,13May,2011,http://www.dawn.com/2011/05/13/twin-blasts-kill-at-least-three-in-charsaddadawnnews.html.

[147]“Quetta blasts to avenge Qaeda arrests:Taliban”,Dawn,7September,2011,http://www.dawn.com/2011/09/07/quetta-blasts-to-avenge-qaeda-arreststaliban.html.

[148]“Terrorists blow up BHU”,Daily Times,17January,2011,http://www.dailytimes.com.pk/default.asp?page=2011\01\17\story_17-1-2011_pg7_15.

[149]“Pakistan hotel bicycle bomb kills 11”,25Aug,2011,http://www.google.com/hostednews/afp/article/ALeqM5gN7nEyib5yxoXKyXluYQ09PyfqNw?docId=CNG.2c9a5880ea1cf072080ef3cacbb44f05.141.

[150]“Bomb attack in Peshawar claims five lives”,Dawn,20September,2011,http://www.dawn.com/2011/09/20/bomb-attack-in-peshawar-claims-five-lives.html.

[151]“Suspected militants kill pro-government tribal elder”,Dawn,31July,2011,http://www.dawn.com/2011/07/31/suspected-militants-kill-pro-governmenttribal-elder.html.

[152]“Army claims 80per cent of Mohmand cleared”,Dawn,1September,2011,http://www.dawn.com/2011/09/01/army-claims-80-per-cent-of-mohmandcleared.html.

[153]“Militants attack tribal leader's residence in Mohmand”,Dawn,2September,2011,http://www.dawn.com/2011/09/02/militants-attack-tribal-leadersresidence-in-mohmand.html.

[154]“Abdul Salam and Ali Hazrat Bacha”,“Attack on mosque,blast near school van kill 20”,Dawn,12January,2011,http://www.dawn.com/2011/01/12/bomb-at-bannu-police-station-kills-several.html.

[155]“Militants blow up girls school in NW Pakistan”,14March,2011,http://news.xinhuanet.com/english2010/world/2011-03/14/c_13777638.htm.

[156]“Two girls schools blown up in Khyber Agency”,Daily Times,26March,2011,http://www.dailytimes.com.pk/default.asp?page=2011\03\26\story_26-3-2011_pg1_2.

[157]“Mardan girls'govt.high school blown up”,Geo TV News,8November,2011,http://www.geo.tv/11-8-2011/88619.htm.

[158]“Militants blow up schools”,Geo TV News,13November,2011,http://www.geo.tv/11-13-2011/88794.htm.

[159]Abdul Salam and Ali Hazrat Bacha,“Attack on mosque,blast near school van kill 20”,Dawn,12January,2011,http://www.dawn.com/2011/01/12/bomb-atbannu-police-station-kills-several.html.

[160]“3killed,27injured in Lahore shrine blast”,Daily Times,4February,2011,http://www.dailytimes.com.pk/default.asp?page=2011\02\04\story_4-2-2011_pg1_5.

[161]“Blast in mosque,no casualties reported”,Geo TV News,11March,2011,http://www.geo.tv/3-11-2011/79227.htm.

[162]“13killed in Kurram attack on minibus”,Daily Times,26March,2011,http://www.dailytimes.com.pk/default.asp?page=2011\03\26\story_26-3-2011_pg1_1.

[163]“Asim Tanveer,Suicide blast in Pakistan kills dozens”,3Apr,2011,http://www.reuters.com/article/2011/04/03/us-pakistan-blast-idUSTRE73217N20110403.

[164]Gul Yusufzai,“Pakistani Shi'ites killed in suspected militant attack”,6May,2011,http://www.reuters.com/article/2011/05/06/us-pakistan-attackidUSTRE7450DF20110506.

[165]“Gunmen kill 29Shia pilgrims in two attacks”,Dawn,20September,2011,http://www.dawn.com/2011/09/20/around-20-shia-pilgrims-killed-in-quetta.html.

[166]“Gunmen kill 13people in Quetta”,Dawn,4October,2011,http://www.dawn.com/2011/10/04/gunmen-kill-12-people-in-quetta.html.

[167]Iftikhar Firdous,“Militants kill mosque cleric for resisting‘terrorist value’preaching”,19November,2011,http://tribune.com.pk/story/294482/militants-kill-mosque-cleric-for-resisting-terrorist-value-preaching/.

[168]“Five dead in Bajaur Agency suicide attack”,Samaa TV News,23April,2011,http://www.samaa.tv/newsdetail.aspx?ID=31159.

[169]“Landmine kills five of a family in Tirah”,Daily Times,12August,2011,http://www.dailytimes.com.pk/default.asp?page=2011\08\12\story_12-8-2011_pg7_9.

[170]“Bomb kills anti-Taliban militiaman,three others in Dir”,Dawn,25October,2011,http://www.dawn.com/2011/10/25/bomb-kills-four-in-lower-dir.html.

[171]“Peace body head dead in Hangu blast”,1December,2011,http://nation.com.pk/pakistan-news-newspaper-daily-english-online/Politics/01-Dec-2011/Peace-body-head-dead-in-Hangu-blast.

[172]“Taliban chop thief's hand in Orakzai”,Dawn,4January,2011,http://www.dawn.com/2011/01/04/taliban-chop-thief%E2%80%99s-hand-in-orakzai.html.

[173]“Militants kill four‘spies’in northwest Pakistan:police”,Dawn,5February,2011,http://www.dawn.com/2011/02/05/militants-kill-four-spies-in-nwpakistan-police.html.

[174]“Taliban shoot dead four tribesmen in North Waziristan”,Dawn,1March,2011,http://www.dawn.com/2011/03/01/taliban-shoot-dead-four-tribesmen-in-nw-officials.html.

[175]“Taliban kill alleged spy”,Dawn,18March,2011,http://www.dawn.com/2011/03/18/taliban-kill-alleged-spy.html.

[176]“Militants killed‘US spy’in Pakistan”,Dawn,24August,2011,http://www.dawn.com/2011/08/24/militants-killed-%E2%80%98us-spy%E2%80%99-in-pakistan.html.

[177]Scott Baldauf,“Pakistan cuts supply lines,but US has options,Christian Science Monitor”,29November,2011,http://www.csmonitor.com/World/Asia-South-Central/2011/1129/Pakistan-cuts-supply-lines-but-US-has-options.

[178]“Nato's 20fuel containers torched near DMJ,Geo TV News”,15January,2011,http://www.geo.tv/1-15-2011/77244.htm.

[179]“Bomb destroys 13vehicles,including NATO tankers”,Daily Times,9 February,2011,http://www.dailytimes.com.pk/default.asp?page=2011\02\09\story_9-2-2011_pg7_6.

[180]Ali Hazrat Bacha,“Weary tanker owners give up Nato oil supply”,Dawn,9 March,2011,http://www.dawn.com/2011/03/09/weary-tanker-owners-give-up-nato-oil-supply.html.

[181]“Three guards killed at Nato terminal in Khyber Agency”,Dawn,1April,2011,http://www.dawn.com/2011/04/01/three-security-officials-killed-inkhyber-agency.html.

[182]“Four policemen killed in attack on Nato tankers”,Dawn,1May,2011,http://www.dawn.com/2011/05/01/four-policemen-killed-in-nato-tankersburning-incident.html.

[183]“One dead as Nato oil tanker torched in Pakistan”,Dawn,19June,2011,http://www.dawn.com/2011/06/19/one-dead-as-nato-oil-tanker-torched-inpakistan.html.

[184]“Two killed in Nato tanker attack near Quetta”,Dawn,11July,2011,http://www.dawn.com/2011/07/11/two-killed-in-nato-tanker-attack-nearquetta.html.

[185]“Gunmen torch 10Nato oil tankers in Khairpur”,Dawn,1August,2011,http://www.dawn.com/2011/08/01/gunmen-torch-10-nato-oil-tankers-inkhairpur.html.

[186]“Mangal Bagh's convoy attacked in Tirah valley”,Dawn,1April,2011,http://www.dawn.com/2011/04/01/mangal-bagh%E2%80%99s-convoy-attackedin-tirah-valley.html.

[187]Zia Khan,“‘Isolated Hakimullah losing control of TTP’”,5July 5,2011,http://tribune.com.pk/story/202634/isolated-hakimullah-losing-control-of-ttp/.

[188]Ibrahim Shinwari,“Landmines kill 10militants in Tirah”,Dawn,24August,2011,http://www.dawn.com/2011/08/24/landmines-kill-10-militants-in-tirah.html.

[189]“6killed in Khyber clashes”,3December,2011,http://www.pakistantoday.com.pk/2011/12/6-killed-in-khyber-clashes/.

[190]Ishtiaq Mahsud,“Gunmen kill senior Pakistani Taliban commander”,27Jun,2011,http://www.marinecorpstimes.com/news/2011/06/ap-gunmen-kill-seniorpakistani-taliban-commander-062711/.

[191]“Gunmen kill prominent Pakistani Taliban commander”,Xinhuanet News,4 October,2011,http://news.xinhuanet.com/english2010/world/2011-10/14/c_131192091.htm.

[192]相关数据来源:http://www.longwarjournal.org/cgi-bin/mt-search.cgi?tag=Pakistan&blog_id=7。

[193]“TTP commander accused of killing 20,arrested”,Dawn,5January,2012,http://www.dawn.com/2012/01/05/taliban-commander-accused-of-killing-20-arrested-additional-ig.html.

[194]“Tehrik-i-Taliban Balochistan's commander killed in Karachi”,Dawn,7 January,2012,http://dawn.com/2012/01/07/tehrik-i-taliban-balochistanscommander-killed-in-karachi/.

[195]“Security forces arrest key Taliban commander in Nowshera”,Dawn,10 January,2012,http://dawn.com/2012/01/10/security-forces-arrest-key-taliban-commander-in-nowshera/.

[196]“Key terrorist gunned down in DI Khan”,Daily Times,30January,2012,http://www.dailytimes.com.pk/default.asp?page=2012%5C01%5C30%5Cstory_30-1-2012_pg7_6.

[197]“LEAs arrest alleged TTP commander,three members”,Daily Times,5 February,2012,http://www.dailytimes.com.pk/default.asp?page=2012%5C02%5C05%5Cstory_5-2-2012_pg7_17.

[198]Shamsul Islam,“‘Mastermind’of suicide attack at ISI Faisalabad office arrested”,18February,2012,http://tribune.com.pk/story/338154/mastermind-ofsuicide-attack-at-isi-faisalabad-office-arrested/.

[199]Qaisar Yosufzai,“Mangal Bagh reported dead in Tirah clash”,19Mar,2012,http://www.pajhwok.com/en/2012/03/19/mangal-bagh-reported-dead-tirahclash.

[200]“Hakimullah Mehsud's close associate arrested in Peshawar”,Dawn,14May,2012,http://dawn.com/2012/05/14/hakimullah-mehsuds-close-associate-arrested-in-peshawar/.

[201]Zahir Shah Sherazi,“Mullah Fazlullah aide arrested from Nowshera”,Dawn,9 August,2012,http://dawn.com/2012/08/09/mullah-fazlullah-aide-arrested-from-nowshera/.

[202]“TTP commander arrested from Nowshera”,Daily Times,26August,2012,http://www.dailytimes.com.pk/default.asp?page=2012%5C08%5C26%5Cstory_26-8-2012_pg7_2.

[203]“LeJ's Malik Ishaq arrested in Lahore”,Daily Times,31August,2012,http://www.dailytimes.com.pk/default.asp?page=2012%5C08%5C31%5Cstory_31-8-2012_pg7_5.

[204]Zahir Shah Sherazi,“Taliban's Orakzai chief arrested from Nowshera;TTP denies”,Dawn,16October,2012,http://dawn.com/2012/10/16/ttps-orakzai-chief-arrested-from-nowshera/.

[205]“Police arrest key LeJ activist linked to sectarian,target killings”,Dawn,17 October,2012,http://dawn.com/2012/10/17/police-arrest-key-lej-activistlinked-to-sectarian-target-killings/.

[206]“Sudhir Ahmad Afridi,Forces conduct successful raids in Landikotal”,Daily Times,3February,2012,http://www.dailytimes.com.pk/default.asp?page=2012%5C02%5C03%5Cstory_3-2-2012_pg7_15.

[207]“12‘terrorists’arrested;explosives recovered”,Daily Times,7April,2012,http://www.dailytimes.com.pk/default.asp?page=2012\04\07\story_7-4-2012_pg7_6.

[208]“Two terrorists arrested in Lahore”,Daily Times,12December,2012,http://www.dailytimes.com.pk/default.asp?page=2012\12\12\story_12-12-2012_pg7_9.

[209]“Three LI militants publicly executed in Khyber Agency”,The News,19 March,2012,http://www.thenews.com.pk/Todays-News-7-98415-Three-LI-militants-publicly-executed-in-Khyber-Agency.

[210]Zia Khan,“Security agencies want TTP to abandon Orakzai,Khyber”,8 January,2012,http://tribune.com.pk/story/318287/security-agencies-want-ttpto-abandon-orakzai-khyber/.

[211]相关数据来源:http://www.longwarjournal.org/cgi-bin/mt-search.cgi?tag=Pakistan&blog_id=7。

[212]Ishtiaq Mahsud,“Pakistani militants kill 15security officers”,5Jan,2012,http://news.yahoo.com/pakistani-militants-kill-15-security-officers-044252035.html.

[213]Ihsanullah Tipu Mehsud,“Taliban statement on killing of Pakistani troops”,8 Jan,2012,http://asiancorrespondent.com/73328/taliban-statement-regardingslaying-of-pakistani-troops/.

[214]“Abducted Pakistan paramilitary troops found shot dead”,9Jan,2012,http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-asia-16465641.

[215]“Gunmen kill three policemen in Peshawar”,Dawn,13January,2012,http://dawn.com/2012/01/13/gunmen-kill-three-policemen-in-peshawar/.

[216]“Six dead in militant attack on DI Khan police station”,Dawn,14January,2012,http://dawn.com/2012/01/14/blast-reported-in-d-i-khan/.

[217]“Foreign NGO workers abducted from Multan”,Dawn,19January,2012,http://www.dawn.com/2012/01/19/foreign-ngo-workers-abducted-from-multan.html.

[218]“Two foreigners abducted from Multan held by Taliban”,Dawn,11February,2012,http://www.dawn.com/2012/02/11/two-foreigners-abducted-from-multan-held-by-taliban.html.

[219]“Security personnel killed in blast”,Daily Times,30January,2012,http://www.dailytimes.com.pk/default.asp?page=2012%5C01%5C30%5Cstory_30-1-2012_pg7_3.

[220]“Taliban ambush kills three policemen in Lakki Marwat”,Dawn,2February,2012,http://dawn.com/2012/02/02/attack-on-police-mobile-kills-three/.

[221]“5policemen injured in suicide bomb attack in Peshawar,Pakistan”,16 Febrary,2012,http://news.xinhuanet.com/english/world/2012-02/16/c_131414606.htm.

[222]“Patrolling security personnel attacked by unknown gunmen in NW Pakistan,three killed”,23February,2012,http://news.xinhuanet.com/english/world/2012-02/23/c_131425903.htm.

[223]“Suicide attackers target Pakistan police”,24February,2012,http://www.aljazeera.com/news/asia/2012/02/201222463550672151.html.

[224]“Gunmen kill Pakistan intelligence official:police”,Dawn,2March,2012,http://www.dawn.com/2012/03/02/gunmen-kill-pakistan-intelligence-officialpolice.html.

[225]“Pakistani Taliban says it killed Chinese woman”,Dawn,1March,2012,http://dawn.com/2012/03/01/pakistani-taliban-says-it-killed-chinese-woman/.

[226]“Faiz Muhammad,Sherpao survives suicide attack;policeman,girl die”,Dawn,4March,2012,http://dawn.com/2012/03/04/sherpao-survives-suicideattack-policeman-girl-die/.

[227]“Government official shot dead in North Waziristan,girl die”,Dawn,13 March,2012,http://dawn.com/2012/03/13/government-official-shot-dead-innorth-waziristan/.

[228]“Girl killed,7FC troops injured in Mattani clash”,Daily Times,15March,2012,http://www.dailytimes.com.pk/default.asp?page=2012%5C03%5C15%5Cstory_15-3-2012_pg7_5.

[229]“Militants attack Bannu jail,nearly 400inmates escape”,Dawn,15April,2012,http://dawn.com/2012/04/15/militants-attack-bannu-jail-400-inmatesescape/.

[230]“Two soldiers injured in SWA suicide car blast”,The News,15April,2012,http://www.thenews.com.pk/Todays-News-7-103091-Two-soldiers-injured-in-SWA-suicide-car-blast.

[231]“Terrorists issue threats to foreign embassies in Pakistan”,17May,2012,http://news.xinhuanet.com/english/world/2012-05/17/c_131592411.htm.

[232]“Bomb attack on police vehicle kills seven in Kohat”,Dawn,16June,2012,http://dawn.com/2012/06/16/bomb-attack-on-police-vehicle-kills-seven-inkohat/.

[233]“Seven Pakistani soldiers‘beheaded’by Afghan militants:military officials”,Dawn,25June,2012,http://dawn.com/2012/06/25/seven-pakistani-soldiersbeheaded-by-afghan-militants-military-officials/.

[234]“8security personnel killed by roadside bomb in NW Pakistan”,28June,2012,http://news.xinhuanet.com/english/world/2012-06/28/c_131682538.htm.

[235]“Taliban claim Lahore attack killing nine personnel”,Dawn,12July,2012,http://dawn.com/2012/07/12/gunmen-kills-eight-personnel-in-lahore-raidpolice/.

[236]“Taliban claim attack on Minhas base;nine militants killed”,Dawn,16 August,2012,http://dawn.com/2012/08/16/militants-attack-pakistani-airbaseat-kamra/.

[237]“Five killed in Quetta suicide bombing:official”,Dawn,18August,2012,http://dawn.com/2012/08/18/blast-near-security-forces-vehicle-kills-four-inquetta/.

[238]Zahir Shah Sherazi,“Two killed in attack on US consulate vehicle in Peshawar”,Dawn,3September,2012,http://dawn.com/2012/09/03/explosion-heard-inpeshawar-2/.

[239]Zahir Shah Sherazi,“TTP claims responsibility of attack on police check post in Matni”,Dawn,15October,2012,http://www.dawn.com/2012/10/15/militantsattack-ghaziabad-checkpost-sp-rural-among-seven-killed/.

[240]Zahir Shah Sherazi,“Key ANP leader shot dead in Charsadda”,Dawn,5 November,2012,http://dawn.com/2012/11/05/key-anp-leader-shot-dead-incharsadda/.

[241]“Pakistani Taliban claim responsibility of Rangers HQ blast in Karachi”,Dawn,8November,2012,http://dawn.com/2012/11/08/bomb-blast-near-rangersheadquarters-in-karachi/.

[242]“2killed,10injured as blast hits paramilitary force's vehicle in S.W.Pakistan”,13November,2012,http://news.xinhuanet.com/english/world/2012-11/13/c_131971211.htm.

[243]Zahir Shah Sherazi,“TTP claims responsibility for attack on Bannu police station”,Dawn,10December,2012,http://dawn.com/2012/12/10/militant-attack-on-bannu-police-station-injures-three-policemen/.

[244]“Militants attack airport in Peshawar;nine killed”,Dawn,15December,2012,http://dawn.com/2012/12/15/three-blasts-heard-in-peshawar/.

[245]“Grenade attack at Nowshera army facility wounds 10”,Dawn,18December,2012,http://dawn.com/2012/12/18/grenade-attack-in-nowshera-injures-seven/.

[246]Zahir Shah Sherazi,“Twenty-one kidnapped Levies killed by Pakistani Taliban”,Dawn,30December,2012,http://dawn.com/2012/12/30/twenty-one-kidnappedlevies-killed-by-pakistani-taliban/.

[247]“Militants attack army camp,school in North Waziristan”,Dawn,7January,2012,http://www.dawn.com/2012/01/07/militants-attack-army-camp-school-in-north-waziristan.html.

[248]“Blast kills 35in Khyber agency”,Dawn,10January,2012,http://dawn.com/2012/01/10/blast-in-khyber-agency-casualities-feared/.

[249]“2killed in twin blasts in NW Pakistan”,20January,2012,http://news.xinhuanet.com/english/world/2012-01/20/c_131371289.htm.

[250]“Girls'school blown up in DI Khan”,Daily Times,4February,2012,http://www.dailytimes.com.pk/default.asp?page=2012%5C02%5C04%5Cstory_4-2-2012_pg7_4.

[251]“Bomb attack on police vehicle kills seven in Kohat”,Dawn,16June,2012,http://dawn.com/2012/06/16/bomb-attack-on-police-vehicle-kills-seven-inkohat/.

[252]“Girls'school blown up in DI Khan”,Daily Times,4February,2012,http://www.dailytimes.com.pk/default.asp?page=2012%5C02%5C04%5Cstory_4-2-2012_pg7_4.

[253]“TV bomb kills seven in Peshawar:police”,Dawn,12February,2012,http://www.dawn.com/2012/02/12/tv-bomb-kills-seven-in-peshawar-police.html.

[254]“3killed in suicide attack in NW Pakistan”,16February,2012,http://news.xinhuanet.com/english/world/2012-02/16/c_131414404.htm.

[255]“Bomb blast kills 3in NW Pakistan”,news.xinhuanet.com,22February,2012,http://news.xinhuanet.com/english/world/2012-02/22/c_131425746.htm.

[256]“Car bomb kills 13at Peshawar bus station”,Dawn,23February,2012,http://www.dawn.com/2012/02/23/at-least-six-killed-in-peshawar-blast.html.

[257]“School blown up in Swabi”,Daily Times,25February,2012,http://www.dailytimes.com.pk/default.asp?page=2012%5C02%5C25%5Cstory_25-2-2012_pg7_11.

[258]“Seven killed in Nowshera blast”,Dawn,27February,2012,http://www.dawn.com/2012/02/27/three-killed-in-nowshera-blast-reports.html.

[259]“Bomb kills women,child in Khyber agency”,Dawn,29February,2012,http://www.dawn.com/2012/02/29/bomb-kills-women-child-in-khyber-agency.html.

[260]“‘Pakistan militants’killed in Khyber suicide attack”,2March,2012,http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-asia-17229890.

[261]“Blast in Peshawar,kills one”,Dawn,7March,2012,http://www.dawn.com/2012/03/07/blast-in-peshawar-kills-one.html.

[262]“A militant killed the head of local militia in Orakzai”,Dawn,9March,2012,http://www.dawn.com/2012/03/09/militants-kill-the-head-of-local-militia-in-orakzai.html.

[263]“School blown up in Pabbi”,Daily Times,15March 15,2012,http://www.dailytimes.com.pk/default.asp?page=2012%5C03%5C15%5Cstory_15-3-2012_pg7_9.

[264]“Bajaur bomb kills six lashkar men”,Daily Times,15March,2012,http://www.dailytimes.com.pk/default.asp?page=2012%5C03%5C15%5Cstory_15-3-2012_pg1_4.

[265]“School blown up in Swabi”,Daily Times,17March,2012,http://www.dailytimes.com.pk/default.asp?page=2012\03\17\story_17-3-2012_pg7_8.

[266]“Blast in Khyber market area kills one”,Dawn,2April,2012,http://www.dawn.com/2012/04/02/blast-at-sadda-market-kills-one.html.

[267]“Suicide bomber kills three in Karachi”,Dawn,5April,2012,http://dawn.com/2012/04/05/suicide-bomber-kills-three-in-karachi/.

[268]“Girls'primary school blown up in Mohmand”,Daily Times,7April,2012,http://www.dailytimes.com.pk/default.asp?page=2012%5C04%5C07%5Cstory_7-4-2012_pg7_7.

[269]“Militants blow up clinic and two schools in KP”,Dawn,22April,2012,http://www.dawn.com/2012/04/22/militants-blow-up-clinic-and-two-schoolsin-kp/.

[270]“Blast in Jamrud kills two,injures five”,Dawn,29April,2012,http://dawn.com/2012/04/29/blast-in-jamrud-kills-two-injures-seven/.

[271]“Two schools blown up in Mohmand,SWA”,Daily Times,7May,2012,http://www.dailytimes.com.pk/default.asp?page=2012%5C05%5C07%5Cstory_7-5-2012_pg7_6.

[272]“One killed in Timergara blast”,Daily Times,7May,2012,http://www.dailytimes.com.pk/default.asp?page=2012%5C05%5C07%5Cstory_7-5-2012_pg7_9.

[273]“Mortar attack kills five of a family in Khyber”,Dawn,11May,2012,http://dawn.com/2012/05/11/mortar-attack-kills-five-of-a-family-inkhyber/.

[274]“12killed,over 40injured in blast in SW Pakistan”,7June,2012,http://news.xinhuanet.com/english/world/2012-06/07/c_131638446.htm.

[275]“School blown up in Kohat”,Daily Times,14June,2012,http://www.dailytimes.com.pk/default.asp?page=2012\06\14\story_14-6-2012_pg7_27.

[276]“10killed,6injured as passenger van hit by bomb in NW Pakistan”,18July,2012,http://news.xinhuanet.com/english/world/2012-07/18/c_131722615.htm.

[277]“Bajaur market bomb kills nine”,Dawn,26July,2012,http://dawn.com/2012/07/26/blast-in-bajaur-agency-injures-several/.

[278]“Blast outside movie shop;one injured”,Daily Times,30July,2012,http://www.dailytimes.com.pk/default.asp?page=2012\07\30\story_30-7-2012_pg7_8.

[279]“Terrorists attack girls'school in Swabi”,Daily Times,29July,2012,http://www.dailytimes.com.pk/default.asp?page=2012\07\29\story_29-7-2012_pg7_8.

[280]“Landmine explosion in Mohmand kills security personnel”,Dawn,9August,2012,http://dawn.com/2012/08/09/landmine-explosion-in-mohmand-killssecurity-personnel/.

[281]“Bomb hits Shia bus in Karachi;one killed 11wounded”,Dawn,17August,2012,http://dawn.com/2012/08/17/blast-reported-in-karachi/.

[282]“Khyber Agency:Women,children among 9killed in mortar attack”,25 August,2012,http://www.geo.tv/GeoDetail.aspx?ID=64823.

[283]“CD shop blown up in Mardan”,Daily Times,3September,2012,http://www.dailytimes.com.pk/default.asp?page=2012%5C09%5C03%5Cstory_3-9-2012_pg7_11.

[284]“Roadside bomb kills 14in Lower Dir”,Dawn,16September,2012,http://dawn.com/2012/09/16/roadside-bomb-kills-12-lower-dir/.

[285]“Eight dead,several injured as twin bombs hit Karachi market”,Dawn,18 September,2012,http://dawn.com/2012/09/18/blasts-reported-near-karachishopping-mall/.

[286]“Bomb blast kills nine in Peshawar,TTP claim responsibility”,Dawn,19 September,2012,http://dawn.com/2012/09/19/blast-reported-in-peshawar-4/.

[287]“Two schools blown up in Mohmand”,Daily Times,25October,2012,http://www.dailytimes.com.pk/default.asp?page=2012\10\25\story_25-10-2012_pg7_8.

[288]“Girl killed in Hangu blast”,Daily Times,26October,2012,http://www.dailytimes.com.pk/default.asp?page=2012%5C10%5C26%5Cstory_26-10-2012_pg7_9.

[289]“Zahir Shah Sherazi,Cellphone company tower blown up in Mohmand”,Dawn,11December,2012,http://dawn.com/2012/12/11/cellphone-company-towerblown-up-in-mohmand/.

[290]“Car bomb kills 17in Khyber agency”,Dawn,17December,2012,http://dawn.com/2012/12/17/jamrud-blast-injures-10/.

[291]“Gunmen kill five polio workers in Pakistan”,Dawn,18December,2012,http://dawn.com/2012/12/18/gunmen-kill-four-female-polio-workers-inkarachi/.

[292]“Blast in Mastung kills 19”,Dawn,30December,2012,http://dawn.com/2012/12/30/several-injured-in-matung-bus-explosion/.

[293]“Death toll in Kurram attack rises to 39”,Daily Times,19February,2012,http://www.dailytimes.com.pk/default.asp?page=2012%5C02%5C19%5Cstory_19-2-2012_pg7_12.

[294]“Peshawar shrine,mosque blasts kill five:police”,Dawn,21June,2012,http://dawn.com/2012/06/21/blast-near-peshawar-kills-at-least-two-injures-21/.

[295]“Peshawar shrine,mosque blasts kill five:police”,Dawn,21June,2012,http://dawn.com/2012/06/21/blast-near-peshawar-kills-at-least-two-injures-21/.

[296]“Gunmen kill 20Shiite Muslims forced off buses in northern Pakistan”,16Aug,2012,http://www.ctvnews.ca/world/gunmen-kill-20-shiite-muslims-forced-off-buses-in-northern-pakistan-1.916493.

[297]“Bomb targeting Shia pilgrims leaves three dead in Mastung”,Dawn,18 September,2012,http://dawn.com/2012/09/18/bomb-blast-kills-at-least-four-near-quetta/.

[298]“Bombing kills nine lashkar men in Khyber Agency”,Daily Times,20 February,2012,http://www.dailytimes.com.pk/default.asp?page=2012%5C02%5C20%5Cstory_20-2-2012_pg1_2.

[299]“Sudhir Ahmad Afridi,LI publicly executes deserters in Bara”,Daily Times,12April,2012,http://www.dailytimes.com.pk/default.asp?page=2012\04\12\story_12-4-2012_pg1_5.

[300]“Tribal elder's house attacked;two killed”,Daily Times,7May,2012,http://www.dailytimes.com.pk/default.asp?page=2012%5C05%5C07%5Cstory_7-5-2012_pg7_7.

[301]“Peace militia chief among two killed in Khyber bombing”,Daily Times,12 June,2012,http://www.dailytimes.com.pk/default.asp?page=2012%5C06%5C12%5Cstory_12-6-2012_pg7_6.

[302]“Bomb kills lashkar leader in Landikotal”,Daily Times,15July,2012,http://www.dailytimes.com.pk/default.asp?page=2012%5C07%5C15%5Cstory_15-7-2012_pg7_8.

[303]“Two Amn Lashkar members killed in Khyber”,Daily Times,12August,2012,http://www.dailytimes.com.pk/default.asp?page=2012%5C08%5C12%5Cstory_12-8-2012_pg7_9.

[304]“Gunmen kill two anti-Taliban elders in Swat”,Dawn,26October,2012,http://dawn.com/2012/10/26/gunmen-kill-two-anti-taliban-elders-in-swat/.

[305]“Anti-Taliban peace committee chief killed in Lower Dir”,Dawn,4November,2012,http://dawn.com/2012/11/04/anti-taliban-peace-committee-chief-killedin-lower-dir/.

[306]“Pentagon freeing$1.1bn withheld from Pakistan”,Daily Times,7July,2012,http://www.dailytimes.com.pk/default.asp?page=2012\07\07\story_7-7-2012_pg7_14.

[307]“Pakistan suspends Nato supply route over security”,Dawn,26July,2012,http://dawn.com/2012/07/26/pakistan-suspends-nato-supply-route-oversecurity/.

[308]“Pakistan resumes Nato supply into Afghanistan”,Dawn,4August,2012,http://dawn.com/2012/08/04/pakistan-resumes-nato-supply-into-afghanistan/.

[309]“Riaz Khan,Taliban bomber kills 5rival militants in Pakistan”,23Mar,2012,http://news.yahoo.com/taliban-bomber-kills-5-rival-militants-pakistan-132212060.html.

[310]“Blast at banned outfit's centre kills three in Khyber Agency”,Dawn,27July,2012,http://dawn.com/2012/07/27/blast-at-banned-outfits-centre-kills-three-in-khyber-agency/.

[311]“Seven militants killed in Khyber Agency”,7August,2012,http://tribune.com.pk/story/418607/hoist-with-own-petard-seven-militants-killed-in-khyber-agency/.

[312]“Suicide bomber wounds key Pakistan Taliban commander,kills 6”,29 November,2012,http://www.samaa.tv/newsdetail.aspx?ID=57693&CID=1.

[313]“Zarar Khan,Pakistan releases 8Afghan Taliban prisoners”,30December,2012,http://www.miamiherald.com/2012/12/30/3161432/pakistan-official-19-killed-in.html.

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