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耳聋基因会导致耳蜗畸形吗

时间:2022-07-03 百科知识 版权反馈
【摘要】:MSCs在体内能迁移多远、是否能向受损区域迁移、分化后的内耳细胞是否具有功能以及细胞分化是否需要应用一些特殊营养因子等问题,仍需进一步探讨。因此,考虑骨髓MSCs的神经诱导和神经前体的选择十分必要。目前对于骨髓MSCs移植到耳蜗内能否像在移植前一样具有分泌生长因子的能力尚不清楚,因此,应通过研究确定骨髓MSCs在耳蜗分泌生长因子的能力。

体内、体外实验研究结果初步表明,干细胞内耳导入后,不仅可以在内耳内游走、迁移,而且可以分化为内耳细胞,为感音神经性聋的细胞基因治疗提供了一种途径。但该方法最终是否可以用于感音神经性耳聋的临床治疗尚难以定论,许多问题有待进一步研究阐明,干细胞导入耳蜗后能否定位在Corti器的适当位置?能否进一步分化为我们所需要的内耳细胞?能否有传入和传出神经的支配并恢复感知声信号的功能?如何解决ESCs来源问题引起的排斥反应、安全性问题以及所涉及的伦理问题?对这些问题的回答,有赖于更多科学资料的积累。MSCs在体内能迁移多远、是否能向受损区域迁移、分化后的内耳细胞是否具有功能以及细胞分化是否需要应用一些特殊营养因子等问题,仍需进一步探讨。虽然报道氨基糖苷类药物损伤灰鼠耳蜗后,用MSCs移植到蜗轴后可分化为神经元,但是,其表达神经标记物的细胞数目非常有限。因此,考虑骨髓MSCs的神经诱导和神经前体的选择十分必要。目前对于骨髓MSCs移植到耳蜗内能否像在移植前一样具有分泌生长因子的能力尚不清楚,因此,应通过研究确定骨髓MSCs在耳蜗分泌生长因子的能力。

观察调控基因在干细胞分化中的作用和机制也十分必要。将刺激支持细胞分裂的生长因子与调控毛细胞分化的基因结合在一起,也许更有效促进内耳的毛细胞再生。这些研究最终将有助于治疗由于毛细胞损伤引起的听觉和平衡觉障碍

(秦 贺 李 利 赵立东 杨仕明)

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