黄河故道地区酿酒葡萄气候区划与品种区域化研究

黄河故道地区酿酒葡萄气候区划与品种区域化研究

STUDY ON VITICULTURAL CLIMATIC ZONING AND GRAPEVINE VARIETY ZONING OF THE OLD COURSE OF THE YELLOW RIVER

作者：王　蕾　　导师：李　华

西北农林科技大学　　食品科学2011届硕士

摘　要

本研究采用中国气象局提供的河南、安徽、江苏三省共276个站点连续30年（1979～2008）气象资料，按照李华等提出的气候区划指标体系，即无霜期为一级指标，生长期干燥度（4～9月）为二级指标，埋土防寒线为三级指标，对黄河故道所经三个主要省份即河南、安徽、江苏进行气候区划，运用Excel软件对数据进行分析处理，最后根据区划结果利用ARCGIS软件作图；在气候区划的基础上，采用7～9月降雨量和有效积温对黄河故道地区进行酿酒葡萄品种和酒种区域化的研究。

1.　黄河故道地区酿酒葡萄气候区划研究

根据河南、安徽、江苏三省共276个站点连续30年（1979～2008）气象资料，通过EXCEL计算无霜期，生长季干燥度，对黄河故道地区进行酿酒葡萄气候区划，并通过ARCGIS软件作图，将黄河故道地区划分为3个气候区。

Ⅰ区：安徽濉溪，无霜期243天，干燥度DI为2.5，为优良产区。

Ⅱ区：江苏的丰县、响水，以及河南的安阳、沁阳、淇县、济源、博爱、焦作、封丘、修武、辉县、新乡、武陟、获嘉、原阳、汤阴、浚县、内黄、卫辉、滑县、延津、长垣、台前、濮阳、南乐、清丰、范县、三门峡、灵宝、渑池、宜阳、洛宁、新安、孟津、孟州、洛阳、伊川、汝州、偃师、汝阳、温县、巩义、荥阳、登封、郑州、新密、中牟、开封、兰考、杞县、嵩县、舞钢、郏县、襄城、社旗、通许。该区无霜期普遍在230～250天左右，1≤DI≤1.6，为一般产区。

Ⅲ区：江苏西连岛，无霜期278天，DI为3.9，为优质产区。

通过对这些地区的数据分析，结合无霜期与生长季干燥度对各适宜栽培区进行了评价，划分为：1个优质产区，仅有江苏西连岛；1个优良产区，仅有安徽濉溪；1个一般产区，主要分布于河南北部及江苏的响水、丰县。在降雨量小、干燥度大的优质产区，酿酒葡萄可以获得优越的品质，优良产区和一般产区随着降雨量的增大和干燥度的减小，会对酿酒葡萄品质造成不利影响。其他区域为不适宜种植区，其干燥度小于1。气候区划结果表明，黄河故道地区几乎无优质优良产区，只能获得一般品质的葡萄。

黄河故道地区为我国葡萄种植区的南界，无霜期普遍大于230天，热量条件极其充沛，该区无需埋土防寒。

2.　黄河故道地区酿酒葡萄品种区域化研究

酿酒葡萄品种区域化是建立在气候区划基础上的，黄河故道地区热量条件十分充足，理论上适合种植所有品种的葡萄。但葡萄品种不同，则成熟期不同，所需热量也就不同。要获得优质的葡萄，只能种植与当地温度条件相吻合的葡萄品种。在热量条件完全满足几乎所有品种的前提下，黄河故道地区品种区域化应主要考虑水分条件。

根据1979～2008年气候数据，整理出各气象站点7～9月降雨量，将黄河故道地区分为2个区，并根据各地区有效积温推荐适宜栽培的葡萄品种，区划结果如下：

A区：280≤P＜380，此区是气候区划中2区的部分地区，包括卫辉、伊川、新乡、巩义、滑县、内黄、汝州、孟津、博爱、济源、清丰、濮阳、焦作、原阳、获嘉、孟州、台前、范县、安阳、武陟、南乐、洛阳、渑池、沁阳、灵宝、温县、三门峡、偃师、洛宁。

适宜栽培品种：增芳德，白玉霓，白羽，宝石，西拉，歌海娜，梅鹿辄，赤霞珠，品丽珠，佳丽酿，桑娇维塞等。

适宜生产酒种：干红葡萄酒，白兰地。

B区：P≥380，此区为气候区划中的Ⅰ区，Ⅱ区的部分地区以及Ⅲ区，包括濉溪、舞钢、社旗、襄城、杞县、淇县、新密、兰考、开封、辉县、汝阳、通许、封丘、郏县、长垣、郑州、汤阴、宜阳、荥阳、新安、修武、浚县、中牟、嵩县、登封、延津、丰县、响水、西连岛。

适宜栽培品种：赤霞珠，品丽珠，味儿多，白玉霓，意斯林，霞多丽，晚红蜜，龙眼。

适宜生产酒种：干红葡萄酒，干白葡萄酒，白兰地。

黄河故道大部分地区7～9月降雨量较大，7月降雨量普遍在160mm以上，至8月降雨量还会逐渐增加，在大量的雨水到来之前，其温度条件无法满足葡萄浆果的完全成熟，而大部分地区9月降雨量也无减少，所以，从整体上看，黄河故道地区的葡萄种植只能避开雨季，选择一些耐湿热、抗病强的晚熟、极晚熟品种。由于高温高湿，病虫害较重，葡萄浆果糖酸比不佳，着色亦不理想，该区葡萄品质明显不如山东、新疆、甘肃等优质酿酒葡萄产区，几乎无优质优良产区，只能发展抗湿、抗病性强的一般品种。

关键词　黄河故道　酿酒葡萄　气候区划　品种区域化

Abstract

Based on the climate data in the past 30 years（1979 ～2008）of 276 meteorological stations,Henan province、Anhui province、Jiangsu province,which are the primary regions run through by the old course of the yellow river,are discussed and classified in this paper,by using the zoning indexes of Frost Free Days(F) as the first index,Dryness Index from April to September (DI)as the secondary index,Mean lowest temperature below -15℃ as the tertiary index. By applying this zoning system,the data analysis and processing is produced by Excel software,and then Arcgis software was used to draw the climatic zoning results according to the data analysis. On the base of the climatic zoning result,the precipitation (July to September) and effective accumulated temperature is adopted as indicators of grapevine variety zoning in the old course of the yellow river.

1.　The study on the grapevine climatic zoning of the old course of the yellow river

According to the climate data of 276 meteorological stations in 30 years (1979～2008 ),the results conducted by Arcgis show that the old course of the yellow river can be divided into 3 climatic zones as follows.

Ⅰ：Suixi of Anhui Province,the Frost Free Days is 243,DI is 2.5,fine quality zone.

Ⅱ：Jiangsu Province: Fengxian,Xiangshui;Henan Province : Anyang,Qinyang,Qixian,Jiyuan,Boai,Jiaozuo,Fengqiu,Xiuwu,Huixian,Xinxiang,Wuzhi,Huojia,Yuanyang,Tangyin,Junxian,Neihuang,Weihui,Huaxian,Yanjin,Changyuan,Taiqian,Puyang,Nanyue,Qingfeng,Fanxian,Sanmenxia,Lingbao,Mianchi,Yiyang,Luoning,Xin’an,Mengjin,Mengzhou,Luoyang,Yichuan,Ruzhou,Yanshi,Ruyang,Wenxian,Gongyi,Xingyang,Dengfeng,Zhengzhou,Xinmi,Zhongmou,Kaifeng,Lankao,Qixian,Songxian,Wugang,Jiaxian,Xiangcheng,Sheqi,Tongxu. The Frost Free Days belongs to 230～250,DI belongs to 1～1.6,general quality zone.

Ⅲ：Xiliandao of Jiangsu Province,the Frost Free Days is 278,DI is 3.9,high quality zone.

Suitable zones can be divided into 1 high quality zone,namely Suixi,Anhui Province and 1 fine quality zone,namely Xiliandao of Jiangsu Province and 1 general quality zone which mainly located in the north of Henan Province and Xiangshui,Fengxian of Jiangsu Province,expressed by the picture which is produced by software Arcgis. The high quality zone had large DI value where wine grape can certainly get great character,well due to the large precipitation and relatively small DI value,grape grown in the fine quality zones and general zone had just general quality. The climatic zoning results show that the old course of the yellow river had hardly high quality zone and can merely produce common varieties.

The old course of the yellow river is the south boundary of China’s grape area,the Frost Free Days there on the whole bigger than 230d,the heat resources is very abundant,do not need to bury soil to protect the grape plants.

2.　The grapevine variety zoning of the old course of the yellow river

According to the climatic zoning results and the climate date from 1979 to 2008,the precipitation (July to September) and effective accumulated temperature is calculated which can be indicators of grape wine variety zoning. The result is shown as follow:

A：280≤P＜380，this area is part of the Ⅱ region in the climatic zoning,contains Weihui,Yichuan,Xinxiang,Gongyi,Huaxian,Neihuang,Ruzhou,Mengjin,Boai,Jiyuan,Qingfeng,Puyang,Jiaozuo,Yuanyang,Huojia,Mengzhou,Taiqian,Fanxian,Anyang,Wuzhi,Nanyue,Luoyang,Mianchi,Qinyang,Lingbao,Wenxian,Sanmenxia,Yanshi,Luoning.

Suitable varieties: Zinfandel,Ugni Blanc,Rkatsiteli,Ruby Cabernet,Syrah,Grenache,Merlot,Cabernet Sauvignon,Cabernet Franc,Carignan,Sangiovese.

Suitable wine: Dry red,Brandy.

B：P≥380,this area includes Ⅰ,Ⅱ,Ⅲ in the climatic zoning,contains Suixi,Wugang,Sheqi,Xiangcheng,Qixian,Qixian,Xinmi,Lankao,Kaifeng,Huixian,Ruyang,Tongxu,Fengqiu,Jiaxian,Changyuan,Zhengzhou,Tangyin,Yiyang,Xingyang,Xin’an,Xiuwu,Junxian,Zhongmou,Songxian,Dengfeng,Yanjin,Fengxian,Xiangshui,Xiliandao.

Suitable varieties: Cabernet Sauvignon,Cabernet Franc,Petit Verdot,Ugni Blanc,Italian Riesling,Chardonnay,wanhongmi,longya.

Suitable wine: Dry red,Dry white ,Brandy.

The old course of the yellow river had large precipitation during July to September,so the grape planting should avoid the rain season on the whole,and choose some late-mature and surplus-late mature varieties which of strong anti-disease.

Key words　The old course of the yellow river　Grapevine　Climatic zoning　Grapevine variety zoning