第三十七天

英语四级翻译练习：印章篆刻

　　请将下面这段话翻译成英文：

　　中国的印章篆刻(seal carving)始于古代，贯穿于整个秦朝。篆刻的印帝最初是作为皇帝的玉玺(imperial seal)来使用的。皇家的印章被称为玺(Xi)并且只能由皇室成员使用。秦朝之后，更多不同种类的印章出现了。它们作为个性化的印戳用于私人用途。这些非官方定制的印戳被称为印(Yin)。在唐朝，由于迷信(superstition),印章的名称被改称为宝，理由是玺的发音与另一个表示“死亡”意思的汉字类似。

　　参考翻译:

　　Chinese seal carving first appeared in ancient times and was used throughout the Qin Dynasty. It was initially employed as an imperial seal named Xi. These imperial seal carvings were used only by the royalty. Following this dynasty, more different kinds of seals appeared and were used by private folks as personalized stamps. These non-official stamps were called Yin. During the Tang Dynasty, the seals was renamed Bao as a result of superstition since the pronunciation of Xi is similar to that of another Chinese charactcr which means death.

　　1.篆刻的印幸最初是作为皇帝的玉玺(imperial seal)来使用的:该句可译为被动句，谓语是"最初是作为…使用”，其中“使用”可用employ来表示，属于正式用语，故可翻译为was initially employed as。

　　2.由于迷信，印章的名称被改称为宝:“由于”可译为becauseof或as a rcsult of, 这两个短语后面都接名句或动名词。

请将下面这段话翻译成英文：

　　中国正面临着人口老龄化和低出生率这些发达国家拥有的问题。在商业领域这些问题则显得更加紧迫。创业的一代人正在老去，但他们很难说服自己的孩子来继承遗产，继续经营他们的企业。对家族企业来说，落实一个清晰有效的继任计划(succession plan)是一个令人头痛的问题。虽然有很多原因可以解释这种不情愿继任的情况，但商业环境的恶化(deterioration)已被证明是主要因素之一。

　　英语四级翻译参考译文:

　　China is facing the developed world's problems of an ageing population and low birth rate.These problems have taken on even more urgency in the business community.The founding generation is getting older but having great difficulty persuading their children to carry on their legacy and keep their business running.Putting in place a clear and effective succession plan is a headache for family-run businesses.While there are many reasons to explain such reluctance,the deterioration in the business environment has been proven to be one of the main factors.

　　1.中国正面临着人口老龄化和低出生率这些发达国家拥有的问题:“面临着”可用face表示,“面临着…的问题”可译为facethe problem of;“人口老龄化既可译为populationageing,也可译为an ageing population。“发达国家拥有的问题”可用the developed world's problem of表示。

　　2.创业的一代人正在老去，但他们很难说服自己的孩子来继承遗产,继续经营他们的企业:“老去”即“变老”，可译getolder。“难以做某事”可用固定表达方式have difficulty (in) doing sth来表示，“很难说服自己的孩子”，可译为have great difficulty persuading their children。“继续经营他们的企业也就是使他们的企业可以继续经营下去”，故可译keep their business running。

　　3.对家族业来说，落实一个清晰有效的继任计划是一个令人头痛的问题:“家族企业”可译为family-runbusiness,“国有企业”则为state-run business。