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听力题型复习要点与解题分析

时间:2022-09-23 百科知识 版权反馈
【摘要】:不同院校的考博英语听力题型有所差异,大体可以分为Part A、Part B、Part C三部分,三部分的录音材料都是短文,但试题形式不同。Part A是填空,要求考生根据所听的听力材料的内容来填写所要求获取的信息。考生在听第二遍时应结合试题,注意答题要求。

听力题型复习要点与解题分析

一、考博英语听力试题特点分析

不同院校的考博英语听力题型有所差异,大体可以分为Part A、Part B、Part C三部分,三部分的录音材料都是短文(对话或独白),但试题形式不同。Part A是填空,要求考生根据所听的听力材料的内容来填写所要求获取的信息。如清华大学2007年的听力试题:

Directions:In this section you will hear a talk about some language problems you may encounter while in the United States.The speaker will mainly talk about five problems.Listen to the recording and write down the five problems.Make your answers as brief as possible.You will hear the recording TWICE.

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对于Part A部分,考生在听之前必须快速浏览试卷上的问题,它们能够帮助考生理解短文内容。另外,考生可以在试卷上用铅笔勾画出关键的、重点的词语,以便问题出现时能引起“印象反射”。

Part B部分设置的是选择题,要求考生根据两个人的简短对话来回答问题。如中国科学院2005年博士研究生入学考试英语听力试题:

Directions:In this section,you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers.At the end of each conversation,a question will be asked about what was said.The question will be spoken ONLY ONCE.Choose the best answer from the four choices given by marking the corresponding letter with a single bar across the square brackets on your Machine-scoring Answer Sheet.

A.He needs more fresh air.

B.He is willing to go out.

C.He is too sick to go out.

D.He opened the window.

考生在听Part B之前应该快速浏览试题,第一遍主要是听大意,了解材料的整体意思,记录一些关键信息。考生在听第二遍时应结合试题,注意答题要求。

Part C部分有三段听力材料,对于每段听力材料的整体把握相当重要。考生一定要掌握每段听力材料的整体意思,能做到这一点的话,答题就比较轻松了。如北京大学2007年博士研究生入学考试英语听力试题:

Section A Conversations(5points)

Directions:In this section you will hear several conversations.Listen to the conversations carefully and then answer the questions that follow.

Questions 1~3are based on the following conversation.At the end of the conversation,you will be given 15seconds to answer the questions.Now listen to the conversation.

1.What did Steve originally plan to do?

A.To do some work around the house.   B.To stay at home.

C.To see a new film.           D.To do some study.

2.Maggie finally decided to go to see a film because.

A.the cinema was nearby          B.the weather wasn’t ideal for a walk

C.it would be easier to go to a cinema  D.Steve hadn’t seen the film yet

3.Where did they plan to meet?

A.Outside the Town Hall.        B.Near the bank.

C.In Steve’s place.          D.At the cinema.

对于Part C部分,如果在考试中出现了新单词或者自己没有听懂某个单词或者是某条信息,考生千万不要在此停顿,一定要跟上录音,注意听力中的“连续性”。一般来说,如果考生能把握整体意思,即便有某个或者某几个单词没有听清楚,在对整段听力材料的理解中也可以把没有听懂的单词或者是短语进行意思的“定位”,这样不会妨碍整体的解题。

听力考试中有不少与数字有关的细节题,有的数字在听力材料中十分明确,而有的则需要计算或者推导才能得出。考生要用较快的速度将它们记下来,并尽量使用阿拉伯数字以节省时间。

二、考博英语听力考查重点归纳

通过分析一些重点院校的听力考试试题,不难发现有些知识点是经常考到的。只要掌握这些考点并结合练习巩固这方面的知识,就能显著提高做题的准确率。常见的考点有以下几方面:

1.数字与计算

在听力考试中,数字与计算方面的听力试题经常出现,但考生的得分率不是很高。录音中通常会出现不止一个数字,考生在记录数字时很容易混淆而得出错误答案。另外,考生在书写英语中的计量单位如thousand、million等时也容易出错。

当考题要求考生进行计算时,考生一定要搞清楚各个数字之间的关系,出现在录音材料中的一些连接词就尤为重要。例如as much as、twice、half couple、bigger、higher、smaller等。

例1 W:It’s already 8:35,and if you don’t hurry,you will definitely miss the appointment.

M:Well,it takes half an hour to get there.I think Marry won’t go if I arrive five minutes late.

Q:What time is the appointment?

A.8:35   B.8:45   C.9:00   D.9:05

在这道题中,搞清楚各个时间的关系很重要。第一个对话者告诉我们当时的时间是8:35,第二个对话者给了两条信息:30分钟的路程和迟到5分钟。那么不难判断,到达时间为9:05,提前五分钟的时间就是9:00。正确答案为C。

例2 W:I got this bag for only ten dollars.

M:Really!What a bargain!It’s half as much as mine.

Q:How much is the man’s bag?

A.10dollars.   B.5dollars.   C.20dollars.   D.15dollars.

这道题很简单,只要弄清楚half as much as的意思就可以了。正确答案为C。

例3 M:These envelopes cost 60cents a dozen.

W:I need a couple of dozen.

Q:How many envelopes will the woman buy?

A.60.   B.12.   C.120.   D.24.

这道题中有一个干扰信息,就是60美分。要注意问题是“多少个信封”而不是“多少钱”,所以在做题时要排除干扰。正确答案是D。

例4 W:Can you explain why you charge me$11for the book which is labeled$10?

M:No,Madam,that’s 10%sale tax.

Q:How much should the woman pay for a book having a worth of$5?

A.$11.   B.$5.   C.$5.5.   D.$15.

题中给出了多条信息,有用的只有10%。问题做了一个假设,如果价值$5的书应该支付多少呢?根据对话中的有效信息,我们可以判断应该是$5+$5×10%=$5.5。正确答案为C。

英语听力中关于数字表达的概念主要有以下几种:

(1)小数、分数、倍数和数字运算

1/2:one half

1.5:one and a half

三倍:three times

一打:a dozen

15度:fifteen degree

加:plus,add

减:subtract,minus

乘:time,multiplication

除:divide

0.5%:decimal five percent

0.4:zero point four/naught point four

(2)地点和电话号码

第八大街32号:Thirty-two,Eighth Street

海淀区学院路12号:No.12,Xueyuan Road,Haidian District

电话:82629308:Tel:eight two six two nine three zero eight

第八号车厢:Carriage No.8

(3)时间

时刻:6:18 six eighteen

5:30 half past five

12:45 a quarter to thirteen

日期:3月9日 March 9th/the 9th of March

前天 the day before yesterday

后天 the day after tomorrow

每隔一天 every other day

几天,三两天 a couple of days

年代:1980年 nineteen eighty

公元前400年 four hundred B.C.

1850s(19世纪50年代) eighteen fifties

(4)英美常用货币名称

英国货币:penny(便士,复数为pence),pound(英镑,符号为£),1pound=100pence

美国货币:dollar(美元,符号为$),cent(美分),dime(10分铸币)

$1.00=100cents=100c,1dime=$0.1=10cents=10c

$14.45读作:fourteen dollars forty-five cents

(5)表示价格的词语

价格合算:a good price,bargain,a good buy,an excellent price

减价出售:on sale,garage sale,Christmas sale,discount,cut off

价格便宜:cheap,inexpensive,bargain price,less expensive

正常价格:normal price,regular price

2.复杂词汇和固定搭配

为了测试考生对词汇的掌握能力,听力考题中会经常出现一些具有一定难度的词汇,这就要求考生对词汇不仅看到后能理解,还要能够在听到后辨别出。

例1 M:I think we should move on to the next item.

W:Ok.But I’d like to take this matter up again at the end of the meeting.

Q:What does the woman imply?

A.They should put the meeting to an end.

B.They should hold another meeting to discuss the matter.

C.She would like to discuss another item.

D.She wants to discuss the issue again later.

这道题的关键词语就是“take up”,词典中对这个词组的解释是“to begin again,resume(再次开始,重新开始)”,如果不知道这个意义,就很难选出正确答案。考生如果知道该短语的意思,就不难判断选项D是正确的。

例2 W:I thought Tom said he got A’s in all his tests.

M:Mary,you should know better than to take Tom’s words too seriously.

Q:What does the man imply?

A.Tom is very responsible.

B.Tom’s words aren’t reliable.

C.What Tom said is true.

D.Tom is not humorous at all.

在这组对话中出现的“know better than”和“take Tom’s words too seriously”两组短语是解题的关键词语。第一个人说汤姆说他所有功课都得A,那么第二个对话者同意还是反对呢?他并没有直接回答,而是说“you should know better than to take Tom’s words too seriously”,如果不知道这两个词组的意思就理解不了说话者的意思。根据字典上的解释,“know better than”指的是“懂,有头脑,不会上当”的意思:而“take one’s words too seriously”意为“太相信某人的话”由此推断正确答案是B,汤姆的话并不可靠。

例3 W:I just made a jar of jam this morning and now I can’t find it anywhere.Do you know what happened to it?

M:Did you hear a crash?That was it.I’m just as clumsy as ever.

Q:What is the problem?

A.The woman doesn’t like jam.

B.The woman forgot where she had left the jar.

C.The man had an accident.

D.The man broke the jar.

这是一道推断题,究竟发生了什么事情,可由关键词“crash”来解答。“crash”有多种意义,在这道题中根据上下文,我们可以判断出“crash”一词在此的意思为“a sudden loud noise,as of an object breaking(碰撞声,物体破裂等突然发出的很响的声音)”。由此推断第一个对话者要找的果酱罐被对话中的男人打破了。另外,我们还可以根据“clumsy”这个单词来推断发生的事,“clumsy”的意思是“笨拙的”,既然如此,肯定是第二个对话者做错了什么事情才会说自己“笨拙”,由此我们不难推断是果酱罐被打破了。正确答案是D。

3.虚拟语气

虚拟语气一直是英语听力考试中的考点,虽然在试卷中占的比例不是很大,但是经常出现。考生在准备考试时应该对涉及虚拟语气的基本语法进行强化训练。

例1 M:Where is Joan?She said she would be here at three.And now it’s three-thirty.She must have missed the train.

W:I think so,but l hope she won’t miss the next one.Otherwise,she should be late for the opening address of the conference.

Q:What’s the woman worried about?

A.Joan may have taken a wrong train.

D.Joan won’t come to the conference.

C.Joan will miss the next train.

D.Joan may be late for the opening speech.

第二个对话者说“如果她错过下一趟车的话,就会错过会议的开幕致辞”,用的正是虚拟语气。只要考生掌握了虚拟语气的用法,就不难得出正确答案为D。

例2 W:Had I listened to your advice,I would have already passed the exam.

M:Well,Sally,It’s not too late.

Q:What happened to the woman?

A.She listened to the man’s advice.

B.She regrets having listened to the man’s advice.

C.She didn’t pass the exam.

D.She passed the exam.

第一个对话者使用了虚拟语气,“如果我听了你的建议,我就会通过考试。”言外之意就是,她没有听从别人的建议,所以没有通过考试。正确答案为C。

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