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县图书馆汉字听写比赛方案

时间:2022-03-31 理论教育 版权反馈
【摘要】:4 复合式听写复合式听写共有短文1篇,主要考查对句意的理解和单词拼写。复合式听写共设11个小题。复合式听写是对应试者听的能力、拼写能力、记笔记能力和书面表达能力的综合测试。这部分听写一般是段落的主题已经给出,要求同学们补全支撑细节。

4 复合式听写

复合式听写共有短文1篇,主要考查对句意的理解和单词拼写。

复合式听写共设11个小题。1~8题要求用原词填写,9~11只是补全信息,不必用原词。

复合式听写是对应试者听的能力、拼写能力、记笔记能力和书面表达能力的综合测试。它要求应试者不仅听懂内容,熟练而准确地拼写单词,更重要的是将其归纳、总结,把主要意思通过笔头表达出来。

在整个听力理解过程中,要注意以下几点:

第一,利用读题头的这段时间,大致浏览一遍短文,了解一下全文语意的内容,通过阅读,对于所有要听的文字材料在头脑中形成一个大概印象,并对要填写的文字进行初步猜测。

第二,录音在放第三遍时,应试者除了填充前两遍没有听懂的部分之外,主要精力应放在检查已填充的词、词组和句子是否正确上。许多容易形成笔误的部分应该在这一段时间内一一排除。例如,字母大小写问题,单词的拼写,名词的单复数,名词所有格,单数第三人称冠词的运用,动词时态的统一,主谓一致,词的前缀后缀等。

第三,对于太长的词可以先简写词头,以后再补充。

第四,注意力不要跟着阅读人的速度走,最好先到空格处,以集中精力听写。

第五,要学会放弃,不会的和听不懂的不要纠缠,以免影响后面的发挥。

第六,养成良好的应试心理,这对听力考试尤为重要。

要想做好复合式听写的第二部分——写出要点,需要做到以下几点:

第一,分析和归纳所听内容。

所谓写出要点就是概括地写出主要意思。因此,并不需要把听到的内容全部写出来,凡是涉及事物发展过程、背景等次要情节都不必写出,而是写出主干和结论,也就是讲话人要说明的内容。

第二,简化句子与结构。

在听的过程中,往往会听到一个内容和结构都很复杂的句子,此时要抓住要点,可以把一个很复杂的句子简化为简单句表达出来。

第三,边听边记录。

由于一篇文章内容较多,只读三遍,速度快,即使听懂也难免遗漏内容,所以养成在听的过程中用英语或汉语简单快速地记下某些内容,以便写句子时参考。

第四,抓住关键词,参考主题句。

在听的时候,要注意文章内的关键词和每段开头与结尾的句子,抓住几个关键词,再参考每段的主题句,猜测文章的主要内容和句子的主要意思,再用简单语言把它写出来也能得一定的分数。

第五,用简单的语言写要点。

写要点时要注意语言的完整性和表达的正确性,要避免语法和拼写错误,要写完整的句子而不是单个词或短语。

下面是对四级听写部分的分析。

(1)1~8题填写单词题

第一,所填单词以实词为主,即以名词、动词,形容词或副词为主,介词或连词等虚词极少出现。

第二,复合式听写所填词汇一部分是同现词汇,如1997年考题:

One day,for example,I was working undercover;that is,I was on the job,but I was wearing(6)________clothes,not my police(7)________.通常情况下警察所穿的应该是制服,即uniform,这样,uniform,wear就构成的同现关系。根据(6)(7)的对照同现关系,可以判断(6)所表示的应该是“便装”,这也正式对上文working undercover的解释。

第三,强调对文章叙述逻辑的考查。叙述逻辑即上下文的因果、转折、递进、解释等关系。有时如果能看出这些关系,则不用听就可以将所缺单词填上。如1998年考题。

But Michael's(success)hasn't always come easy.(5)________ his intelligence,he still lacks important life(6)________.In one class,he had to struggle to understand(7)________ novels,because,he says,“I'm 11.I've never been in love before.”

由上下文逻辑关系可以判断(5)应该填Despite,即虽然他很聪慧,但却缺乏很重要的生活……。后面在课上所发生的事情是说明他缺乏(……)的一个例证。例证本身不仅说明了(6)应该填experiences,同时也说明(7)应该填love。

(2)9~11题填写句子题

9~10基本上是三句话,从句子内容来看,大体有两种情况:

第一,用于说明主题的细节。

这部分听写一般是段落的主题已经给出,要求同学们补全支撑细节。如1998年考题:Another challenge was his size.(8)________________________________.

紧接着的一句显然是用来说明Another challenge was his size.的,原句是high school physical education was difficult,because all of the equipment was too big for the then five-year-old student.

1997年的填写句子的题也是如此,所描述的是用来说明警察工作危险的细节。请看原文:Sometimes,it's dangerous.One day,for example,I was working undercover...I was trying to catch some robbers who were stealing money from people as they walked down the street.Suddenly,(8)________.Another policeman arrived,and together,we arrested three of the men;but the other four ran away.Another day,I helped a woman who was going to have a baby.(9)________.I put her in my police car to get her there faster.I thought she was going to have the baby right there in my car.But fortunately,(10)________.

第二,概括性的结论或主题。

1998年四级考试听写部分的第10句为结论句(Michael is smart,but he is like every other kid.)。主题与结论作为文章的重点应该是听力理解的重点,也应该是复合式听力所应包含的内容。

真题详解:

(2004年6月大学英语四级考试听力复合式听写部分)

The Library of Congress is America's national library.It has millions of books and other objects.It has newspapers,(S1)publications as well as letters of(S2)interest.It also has maps,photographs,art(S3),movies,sound recordings and musical(S4).All together,it has more than 100 million objects.The Library of Congress is open to the public Monday through Saturday,except for public holidays.Anyone may go there and read anything in the collection.But no one is(S5)to take books out of the building.The Library of Congress was(S6)in 1800.It started with eleven boxes of books in one room of the Capitol Building.By 1814,the collection had increased to about 3,000 books.They were all(S7)that year when the Capitol was burned down during America's war with Britain.To help re-build the library,Congress bought the books of President Thomas Jefferson.Mr.Jefferson's collection included 7,000 books in seven languages.(S8).Today,three buildings hold the library's collection.(S9).It buys some of its books and gets others as gifts.It also gets materials through its copyright office.(S10).This means the Library of Congress receives almost everything that is published in the United States.

答案:S1.popular S2.historical S3.prints S4.instruments S5.permitted S6.established S7.destroyed S8.In 1897,the library moved into its own building across the street from the Capital S9.The library provides books and materials to the US Congress and also lends books to other American libraries,government agencies and foreign libraries.S10.Anyone who wants copyright protection for a publication in the US must send two copies to the library.

详解:S1,S2:newspapers,publications,letters of interest是三个并列名词,在publications,letters前毫无疑问只能有形容词修饰。

S3,S4:列举图书馆中的刊物和馆藏。这句话中的名词都是一类的。Musical作为形容词在这里是修饰名词,后面的名词必须与musical搭配表达与音乐相关的事物。

S5:but表明转折,后必须弄清句意。根据搭配is to,这里需要一个动词,并且是被动形式。

S6:根据时间1800年和be动词的一般过去式was,可以推断出这里是讲述图书馆的建立。需要表达此含义的动词的被动形式。

S7:本句话涉及战争。战争与图书馆有着什么样的关系呢?前面一句讲图书馆已经有了丰富的藏书。战争只能给图书馆带来破坏性。这里是推断战争给图书馆带来的后果。They代词指藏书,were需要与动词的被动形式搭配。

S8:这里需要填的是完整的一句话。图书馆的搬迁。

S9:后面的两句话It buys some of its books and gets others as gifts.It also gets materials through its copyright office.暗示了图书馆的馆藏书目来自于两个不同的渠道。S9讲述的当然也是一方面。

S10:this means暗示S10讲述的是原因。为什么the Library of Congress receives almost everything that is published in the United States.我们就知道应该是Anyone who wants copyright protection for a publication in the US must send two copies to the library.

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