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治疗过程的监测

时间:2022-03-22 理论教育 版权反馈
【摘要】:达到目标值后延长为每6~12个月复查1次,治疗性生活方式改变和降脂药物治疗必须长期坚持,才能获得临床益处。对心血管病的高危患者,应采取更积极的降脂治疗策略。降脂药物治疗需要个体化,治疗期间必须监测安全性。在药物治疗时,必须监测不良反应,主要是定期检测肝功能和血肌酸激酶。如肝酶超过3ULN,应暂停给药。

饮食与非调脂药物治疗3~6个月后,应复查血脂水平,如能达到要求即继续治疗,但仍须每6个月至1年复查,如持续达到要求,每年复查1次。药物治疗开始后4~8周复查血脂及转氨酶(AST,ALT)和CK,如能达到目标值,逐步改为每6~12个月复查1次,如开始治疗3~6个月复查血脂仍未达到目标值,则调整剂量或药物种类,或联合药物治疗,再经4~8周后复查。达到目标值后延长为每6~12个月复查1次,治疗性生活方式改变和降脂药物治疗必须长期坚持,才能获得临床益处。对心血管病的高危患者,应采取更积极的降脂治疗策略。

降脂药物治疗需要个体化,治疗期间必须监测安全性。依据患者的心血管病状况和血脂水平选择药物和起始剂量。在药物治疗时,必须监测不良反应,主要是定期检测肝功能和血肌酸激酶。如肝酶(AST/ALT)超过3ULN(正常上限),应暂停给药。停药后仍需每周复查肝功能,直至恢复正常。在用药过程中应询问病人有无肌痛、肌压痛、肌无力、乏力和发热等症状,血CK升高超过5ULN应停药。用药期间如有其他可能引起肌溶解的急性或严重情况,如败血症、创伤、大手术、低血压和抽搐等,应暂停给药。

(叶 平 武彩娥)

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