二十、货币词汇英汉对译
随着中国加入WTO后，国际间的贸易往来日趋频繁，“货币”一词在国际贸易、金融以及人们的日常生活中的使用率越来越高。下面是《大学英语》精读第四册第一单元Big Bucks the Easy Way和第二单元Deer and the Energy Cycle两篇课文中所出现的“货币”词汇。
1.Big Bucks the Easy Way.
2.“You ought to look into this，”I suggested to our two college-age sons.“It might be a way to avoid the indignity of having to ask for money all the time.”
3. The bonus program had worked until someone demanded to see the color of cash.
4. Energy is the currency of the ecological system and life becomes possible only when food is converted into energy.
由此可见，“货币”一词在英语中的表达方式多种多样，除上述bucks，money，cash和currency外，还有许多常见的表达法。为了正确使用和翻译“货币”一词，现将其归纳如下。
1.money
指“钱，货币”，主要指硬币和纸币。例如：
He doesn’t usually carry much money on him.
他身边通常不带太多的钱。
The project will cost a great deal of money.
这项工程需要一大笔钱。
She went to the bank to draw money.她到银行去取钱。
All his money has been spent.他的钱都花光了。
2. cash
指“现金，现款”，在口语中，也可以译为“钱”。例如：
Cash on delivery.（C.O.D.）货到付款。
Mr.Brown donated one million dollars in cash.
布朗先生捐赠了一百万元现金。
I have no cash on me.May I pay by check？
我没有带现款，我可以用支票付款吗？
If I had more cash I’d go round the world.
要是我有那么多的钱，我就去周游世界。
3. currency
指“通货，货币”，有时也可译为“钱”。例如：
The German currency is one of the strongest currencies in the world.德国货币是世界上最硬的通货之一。
This is the only bank that issues currency.
这是发行货币的唯一银行。
I gave him ten dollars in Chinese currency.
我给了他相当于十美元的人民币。
4. fund
指“资金，基金，专款”，该词用作复数时，其含义是“现款”，用于口语时，相当于money。例如：
They have raised enough funds for this major project.
他们已经筹集到这项重点工程所需要的足够的资金。
Part of the school sports fund will be used to improve the football pitch.部分学校运动会基金将用来整修足球场。
The school has a library fund of$2000 to buy books.
学校有两千美元的图书馆专款用来买书。
Now we can do that as we are in funds.
现在我们手头有现款，可以办这件事了。
I’m in funds just now.
= I have plenty of money to spend.我现在手头有钱了。
By the end of the week I usually get a bit short of funds.
= with out much money.一到周末，我通常就缺点钱花。
5. capital
指“资本，资金”。例如：
The company has a capital of five hundred million dollars.
这家公司有五亿美元资本。
You need a lot of capital to startup a new newspaper.
创办一家报纸需要很多资金。
6. kitty
指“集资”，在非正式用语中，常指“（团体为做某事）所筹集的一笔钱”。例如：
How much money is left in the kitty？集资的钱还剩多少？
They had to feed the kitty to ride in that car.
他们乘坐那辆车子必须由大家来凑钱。
All the prize money won by individual players goes into the team’s kitty.每个队员得到的奖金都全作为队里的公共储金。
7. change
主要指“零钱”。例如：
How much have you got in change？你有多少零钱？
I want some change.我要些零钱。
Count your change before you leave the counter.
离开柜台前，请清点找回的零钱。
8.note
专指“纸币，钞票”，常用于英国英语。例如：
How much of the money is in notes and how much in coin/ cash？这笔钱中有多少是纸币，有多少是硬币/现钱？
He gave her a pound note/a ten-pound note.
他给了她一张一英镑的钞票/一张十英镑的钞票。
9. bill
专指“纸币，钞票”，常用于美国英语。例如：
I have several one-dollar bills.我有几张一元的钞票。
Have you change for a dollar bill？
你有可以换一元钱的零钱吗？
10.banknote
专指“钞票”。例如：
She was counting a pile of banknotes when the robbers entered the bank.强盗进入银行时她正在数一叠钞票。
11.denomination
指“（货币）面值”。例如：
The banknotes were in denominations of five，ten，and twenty pounds.
这些钞票的面值分别为五英镑、十英镑和二十英镑。
The smallest denomination in US currency is the cent.
美国货币的最小单位是分。
12.buck
在非正式用语中，专指美国的“一美元”“钱”。例如：
—How much does it cost？它值多少钱？
—Twenty bucks.二十美元。
All you do is fool around，when any other man would be trying to make a buck or two.
别人都在想方设法挣点钱，可你只知道闲荡。
13. coinage
指“货币，硬币”。例如：
What sort of coinage do they use in France？
他们在法国使用什么货币？
He is a collector of foreign coinage.他是个外国硬币收集者。
14. premium
主要指“（额外）佣金”。例如：
Mr.Brown has to pay 6 percent interest on his loan，and also a premium of two hundred dollars.
布朗先生必须为他的借款付百分之六的利息，此外还要付二百美元的佣金。
15. coin
专指“硬币”。例如：
I changed a￡5 notes/a$5 bill because I needed some coins for the ticket machine.我把一张五英镑（五美元）的钞票换成零钱，因为我在售票机买票需要硬币。
Let’s toss/flip a coin to decide who should go first———do you want heads or tails？
让我们抛硬币来决定谁先走吧———你是要正面还是要反面？
16. copper
专指“硬币”“铜币”。例如：
Have you any coppers in your change？你零钱中有硬币吗？
He had only a few coppers in his pocket.
他口袋里只有几个铜币。
17. silver
专指“银币”。例如：
All I’ve got is a￡5 note and about a pound in silver.
我所有的钱是一张五英镑的纸币和一枚一英镑的银币。
18.gold
专指“金币”。例如：
People used to pay in gold.古时人们常用金币付款。
注 意
除了上述词汇外，还有一些常见的货币词组。例如：
cash currency 现金货币
gold currency 金币
paper currency 纸币
weak currency 软货币
hard currency 硬币
hand-to-hand currency 现金
national currency 本国货币
foreign currency 外汇；外币
counterfeit currency 假币
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