姓氏职务须分开

二、姓氏职务须分开

汉语中将姓氏与职务合并起来的做法十分常见，例如“张局长”、“李处长”、“王总经理”等。实际交往中还时常听到姓氏与职务缩略词合并起来作称呼的现象，例如“张局”、“李处”、“王总”等。但是英语中不可以。下面这两个例句是在讲课之前请学生做的。

例1　张处长提为副总后，办公室搬到了顶层。

D1. Director Zhang moved to the office on the top floor after his promotion to deputy manager.

D2. After Direct Zhang’s promotion to the vice manager, he moved the office to the top floor.

D3. Department Head Zhang’s office moved to the top floor after he promoted | to vice general manager.

D4. After Director Zhang | promoted to be Deputy General Manager, his office is moved to the top floor.

D5. After Director Zhang was promoted to the vice president of the company, his office was moved to the top floor.

上面的译文都存在这个问题，可见缺乏这一基础知识的比例比较高。

B. After Mr. Zhang was promoted from section chief to vice president, his office was moved to the top floor.

A1. After the division chief, Mr. Zhang, was promoted vice president, he moved his office to the top floor.

A2. After he was promoted vice president, Mr. Zhang, the division chief, moved his office to the top floor.

A3. Mr. Zhang, the department head, got /had /was given /was assigned a new office on the top floor (of the office building) after he became deputy president (of the company).

A4. Mr. Zhang, former Director of the department /division, moved to the top floor (of the office building) after his promotion to the deputy presidency (of the company).

例2　市委张书记昨天考察了这个项目的地下污水工程。

D1. Yesterday Shu Ji Zhang of the city’s committee observed the sub-water purifying subject of the project.

D2. municipal president Zhang investigated yesterday the poluted underground waterproject in this item.

D3. Municipal secretary Zhang visited the drainage system of the project yesterday.

D4. Municipal Secretary Zhang reviewed the subsurface sewage disposal system of the project yesterday.

D5. The Municipal Secretary Zhang made an inspection of the sewage treatment system of the project yesterday.

D6. Secretary Zhang of the municipal Party committee inspected the underground sewage part of this project yesterday.

D7. Secretary Zhang of the Municipal Party Committee investigated the underground sewage system of the project yesterday.

D8. Secretary Zhang of the municipal committee of the CPC yesterday inspected the underground sewage system of the project.

D9. Secretary Zhang of the city government inspected the wasted water underground channel construction of this project yesterday.

D10. Yesterday, the secretary Zhang of the municipal Party committee made an on-the-spot inspection of the underground sewage project of this item.

以上的D类译文问题同上，事情简单，但普遍存在，值得记住。汉文化中的官本位思想根深蒂固，表现在语言中便是常用的职务职称既可用于直接称呼一个人，也可与姓氏连用来称呼对方，但是英美国家的姓氏与职务职称连用，相应的称谓只有professor, doctor, president等少数几个词；其中的president既可以是“总统”，也可以是“总经理”或“董事长”；president和chairman之前还可以加上Mr.，但professor、director和manager就不能，等等。

这都是习惯使然——语言应用的主要特征之一；我们汉语里也有些说法是讲不清原因的。比如可以讲“王老师”但很少讲“王导师”；“王导”倒是可以，但通常指的是“导演”或“导播”；可以讲“李师傅”但不可以叫“李师父”，“师父”作为称呼经常是单独使用的。还有可以讲“王道士”，却很少讲“王和尚”，等等。

回到本节主题上来讲，我们中国人使用英语，只能是模仿，英美人那么用了，我们也跟着用（Just ask how, and don’t ask why.），所谓的约定俗成。所以说，这方面最好的“译”法是照抄，平时适当阅读一点课外读物和英文报刊显然有利于我们“译”得到位，表现为较强的英语应用能力。

B. Secretary of Municipal Committee of CPC Mr. Zhang inspected the work of underground wasted water treatment of this project yesterday.

A1. Mr. Zhang, Secretary of the Municipal Party Committee, toured /visited /inspected yesterday the underground sewage project.

A2. Mr. Zhang, Secretary of the Beijing Committee of the Party /of the CPC /of the Communist Party of China, yesterday made an inspection (tour) of the underground sewage system of the project.