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汽车制冷剂

时间:2022-11-02 百科知识 版权反馈
【摘要】:由于臭氧层损耗的面积逐渐上升,到达地表的紫外线增多。这将导致人体免疫功能下降、皮肤癌和白内障的发病率增加,严重危害人体健康;也会造成水稻、大豆和其他对紫外线敏感的农作物的产量下降;还会使水生生物生长缓慢。我们十分关切臭氧层损耗给人类生活和环境带来的严重影响。据报道,臭氧每减少1%,皮肤癌的发病率会增加2%,白内障发病率增加0.6%~0.8%。

1.4.4.1 特制氟氯烃(CFC12)

特制氟氯烃(CFC12)是汽车制冷剂,在大气对流层中不易分解,当其进入平流层后,在强紫外线照射下将分解产生氯游离基,使臭氧耗损,从而造成臭氧层空洞。直到20世纪70年代末,我们才开始关注这一现象,此时臭氧层空洞的覆盖面积已经超过了南极地区的面积。

由于臭氧层损耗的面积逐渐上升,到达地表的紫外线增多。这将导致人体免疫功能下降、皮肤癌和白内障的发病率增加,严重危害人体健康;也会造成水稻大豆和其他对紫外线敏感的农作物的产量下降;还会使水生生物生长缓慢。我们十分关切臭氧层损耗给人类生活和环境带来的严重影响。据报道,臭氧每减少1%,皮肤癌的发病率会增加2%,白内障发病率增加0.6%~0.8%。为保护臭氧层,联合国环境规划署经过国际性讨论与协商,在1987年通过了《关于消耗臭氧层物质的蒙特利尔议定书》,要求在1996年之前停止生产CFC12。并且要求回收处理氟利昂气体、维修汽车空调和委托回收氟氯昂等商业活动,必须采用专业的氟利昂回收装置,并妥善处理氟利昂气体(使之无害)。

1.4.4.2 Alternative Freon(HFC134a)

While the currentautomotiveair-conditioner refrigerate HFC 134 ahashigheref fectsagainst the depletion of the ozonelayer,ithasseveral hundred to 60,000timesstrongerinfluenceonglobal warming.Accordingly, the 1,1,1,2tetrafluoroethanewasaddedto the list of greenhouseeffect gasesthatneedtobereducedunder the Kyoto Protocol( the Conference of the Parties3).Ifwe ignoreoptimallycollecting and destroying(turningtoharmlessness) the HFC134a, the greenhouse gasincreases and the averagetemperature of the earthwillriseby2℃.The rapi dincrease of temperatu recancausesuc habnormalwea the rasdownpours,droughts and progress of desertification,dama getoagricult uralproduction and waterresources, and increasesu chtropical infectiousdiseas easmalaria.The reareforecaststhat the sealevel of the earthwillrise50~60cmby the end of 21stcenturydueto the melting of ice and glaciersin Polar Regions.The increase of regions slowlygoingu nderwaterisina of dilemma.

Appropriate treatment and destroying the harmful HFC134a with a Freongas-recycl ingmachine isneeded,similartowhatis used for CFC12.The manifesto system in Jap and efinestwoseparateroutes for the processing of HFC134a,itscollection and destruction,throughdedicat edbusiness player sappointed by administrators.Itmust separatelykeep CFC12 and HFC134atankstoprevent the mixture the m.

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