《国际劳工组织关于工作中基本原则和权利宣言及其后续措施》

《国际劳工组织关于工作中基本原则和权利宣言及其后续措施》 (国际劳工大会第86届会议1998年6月18日于日内瓦通过)

导　言

国际劳工组织于1998年6月18日在日内瓦通过了《国际劳工组织关于工作中基本原则和权利宣言及其后续措施》，旨在以此对经济全球化的挑战作出回应;自1994年起，在国际劳工组织内部对这一挑战进行了多次讨论。尽管经济全球化是经济增长的一个因素，而且尽管经济增长是社会进步的一个必要条件，但所有情况都证实，这并不是一个充分的条件。因此，它需要伴以最低限度的、以共同价值为基础的社会游戏规则，从而使有关人员自己能得到其为之作出贡献的所创造财富的合理份额。

《宣言》旨在协调这两种关注，即:激励所有国家为使社会进步伴随经济发展而作出努力并尊重各国在情况、可能性和优先重点方面存在的差异。

1995年在哥本哈根召开的社会发展问题世界首脑会议，朝着这个方面迈出了第一步，出席会议的国家和政府首脑通过了一些义务承诺和一项《行动纲领》，其中提到了“工人的基本权利”:禁止强迫劳动和童工;结社自由;自由组织工会和进行集体谈判;同工同酬以及消除就业歧视。1996年在新加坡召开的世界贸易组织部长级会议，为迈出第二步提供了机会:重新提出了各国对遵守国际公认的基本劳工标准所作的义务承诺;重提了国际劳工组织制定这些标准和保证其实施的权能;重申支持国际劳工组织的促进上述标准的活动。

本《宣言》的通过是迈出的第三步。它对哥本哈根首脑会议通过的《行动纲领》第54款(b)所陈述的目标起着一种决定性的作用，该款的内容包括“保护和促进对工人基本权利的尊重”，要求已批准国际劳工组织相应公约的国家对之予以全面实施，并要求其他国家考虑这些公约陈述的原则。

现有的监督机制，已为保证公约在批准国得到实施提供了手段;而对其他国家而言，《宣言》有着一种重要的新作用。首先，确认国际劳工组织的成员国，即使它们尚未批准上面提到的公约，也有义务“真诚地并根据《章程》要求，尊重关于作为这些公约之主题的基本权利的各项原则”。其次，这是准备列为《宣言》附录的后续措施的第一个方面内容，利用国际劳工组织拥有的独特的章程机制的目标，使它能每年要求未批准基本公约的国家就其在实施这些公约体现的原则方面所取得的进展提出报告。

最后，《宣言》超出了哥本哈根会议的目标，它庄严承诺，本组织要动员其预算资源及其影响，以便支援其成员国实现这些目标。在有关“综合报告”——这是列为附录的后续措施的第二个方面内容——的内容中表达了此种承诺。同时，综合报告将就不论是批准了这些公约还是未批准这些公约的国家在四年期间所取得的进展情况提供一个概貌，这是评估上一个四年期间所采取行动的效力的基础，也是今后援助行动计划的起点。

利用这一《宣言》，国际劳工组织可以通过为应付经济全球化这一现实而选定世界性最低限度的真正社会基石来迎接国际社会向其提出的挑战;它因此而能满怀信心地跨入即将来临的新世纪。

米歇尔·汉森

《国际劳工组织关于工作中基本原则和权利宣言》

鉴于国际劳工组织之建立，系确信社会正义是保障世界持久和平之必需;

鉴于经济发展对确保公平、社会进步和消除贫困是必要的但并非充分的条件，确认国际劳工组织有必要促进强有力的社会政策、正义和民主体制;

鉴于国际劳工组织现在比以往任何时候都更需要在其所有权限领域，特别是在就业、职业培训和工作条件领域中利用标准制定、技术合作和研究所有这些手段，以保证在全球经济和社会发展战略中，经济政策和社会政策是互相加强对方的组成部分，从而创造有广泛基础的可持续发展;

鉴于国际劳工组织应特别重视有着特殊社会需要的人员的问题，特别是失业者和移民工人的问题，动员和鼓励国际、地区和国家各级为解决他们的问题所作的努力，并促进旨在创造就业的有效政策;

鉴于为寻求保持社会进步和经济增长之间的这种联系，保证工作中基本原则和权利具有特殊重要意义，因为它能使有关人员在机会平等基础之上自由要求公平分享其为之作出贡献的财富，以及全面实现人的潜力;

鉴于国际劳工组织是根据章程授权制定和处理国际劳工标准的国际组织和主管机构，并在促进作为其章程原则之体现的工作中基本权利方面享有普遍的支持和认同;

鉴于在经济上相互依存不断增强的形势之下，重申本组织《章程》中体现的基本原则和权利之永久性并促进其普遍实施刻不容缓;国际劳工大会，

1.忆及:

(a)在自愿加入国际劳工组织时，所有成员国都已接受其《章程》和《费城宣言》陈述的原则与权利，以及保证为实现本组织的总体目标而尽力并充分根据自身具体情况从事工作;

(b)这些原则和权利在被国际劳工组织内部和外部承认是基本公约的公约中以具体权利与义务之形式得到体现和发展。

2.声明，即使尚未批准有关公约，仅从作为国际劳工组织成员国这一事实出发，所有成员国都有义务真诚地并根据《章程》要求，尊重、促进和实现关于作为这些公约之主题的基本权利的各项原则，它们是:

(a)结社自由和有效承认集体谈判权利;

(b)消除一切形式的强迫或强制劳动;

(c)有效废除童工;以及

(d)消除就业与职业歧视。

3.承认，为实现这些目标，国际劳工组织有义务根据成员国所确定并表达的需要，向其提供支援，可通过充分利用其章程手段、行动手段及预算手段，包括动员外部资源及支助，以及根据《章程》第12条的规定，通过鼓励国际劳工组织与之已建立关系的其他国际组织支持这些努力:

(a)通过提供技术合作与咨询服务，以便促进批准并实施基本公约;

(b)通过支援尚未能够批准这些公约中的某些公约或全部这些公约的成员国为尊重、促进和实现关于作为这些公约之主题的基本权利的各项原则所作努力;以及

(c)通过帮助成员国为创造有利于经济与社会发展之气候所作的努力。

4.兹决定，为全面落实本《宣言》，将根据应被看作是《宣言》之不可分割的组成部分的附录具体说明的办法，实施有意义的和有效的促进性后续措施。

5.强调，不得将劳工标准用于贸易保护主义之目的，并且本《宣言》及其后续措施中的任何内容不得被援引或被以其他方式用于此种目的;此外，无论如何不得因本《宣言》及其后续措施而对任何国家的比较利益提出异议。

《宣言》的后续措施

一、总体目的

1.下面叙述的后续措施的目的，是鼓励本组织的成员国作出努力，以促进《国际劳工组织章程》和《费城宣言》所包含并在本《宣言》中得到重申的基本原则和权利。

2.按照严格属于促进性质的这一目标，本后续措施将使得可以确定一些领域，本组织在这些领域中通过技术合作活动提供的支援，可能会证明有益于帮助其成员国实施这些基本原则和权利。它既不是既定监督机制的替代，也不会妨碍其运转;因此，将不会在本后续措施的框架范围内对那些机制范围内的特定情况进行审查或复审。

3.下面叙述的本后续措施的两个方面是以现行程序为基础的:有关未批准的基本公约的年度后续措施，仅会对实施《章程》第19条第5款(e)的目前形式进行某些修改;而综合报告将有益于从根据《章程》实施的程序中获得最佳结果。

二、有关未批准的基本公约的年度后续措施

A.目的和范围

1.目的是以简化的程序取代理事会于1995年采用的四年一次的审查，为每年审查尚未批准所有基本公约的成员国根据《宣言》所作的努力提供机会。

2.后续措施每年涉及《宣言》中规定的基本权利和原则的四个领域。

B.方式

1.后续措施将以要求成员国根据《章程》第19条第5款(e)提交的报告为基础。将制定报告的格式，以便在适当考虑《章程》第23条和既定惯例的情况下，从尚未批准一项或多项基本公约的政府那里获得关于其法律和惯例可能已有任何变化的资料。

2.由理事会审查经劳工局编辑的这些报告。

3.为对如此编辑的报告加以介绍，以提请注意可能需要进行更深入讨论的任何问题，劳工局可以要求理事会为此目的任命一个专家小组。

4.应研究对理事会的现有程序进行调整，以允许在理事会中没有代表的成员国在理事会讨论期间能以最适宜的方式提供可能证明是必要或有益的澄清，补充其报告中所包含的资料。

三、综合报告

A.目的和范围

1.本报告的目的是就前一个四年期期间注意到的有关每一类基本原则和权利的情况提供一幅总的能动画面，作为评估本组织所提供援助效力的基础，并以特别旨在动员实施技术合作所需的内部和外部资源的技术合作行动计划的形式，确定下一个四年期的优先重点。

2.报告将每年轮流涉及四类基本原则和权利中的一个类别。

B.方式

1.本报告将在局长负责之下、在正式资料或根据既定程序收集和评估的资料的基础上加以汇编。对尚未批准基本公约的国家，报告应特别以前面提到的年度后续措施的结果为依据;而对已批准相应公约的成员国，报告应特别以根据《章程》第22条提交的报告为基础。

2.本报告将作为局长报告提交给大会，供三方讨论。大会可以将本报告和根据《大会议事规则》第12条提交的报告分别加以处理，也可以在专为针对本报告的一次会议上，或以任何其他适宜的方式，对其进行讨论。然后，应由理事会在尽早的一届会议上，根据对下一个四年期要实施的技术合作优先重点和行动计划的讨论结果得出结论。

四、当然:

1.应对实施上述条款所需的对《理事会议事规则》和《大会议事规则》的修订提出建议。

2.大会应在适当时候根据所取得的经验对本后续措施的运转情况进行审议，以评估其是否充分实现了第一部分中表达的总体目的。

以上是经在日内瓦召开并于1998年6月18日宣布闭幕的国际劳工组织大会第86届会议正式通过的《国际劳工组织关于工作中基本原则和权利宣言》及其后续机制的正式文本。

我们于1998年6月19日签字于后，特此证明。

大会主席，

让·雅克奥克斯兰

(Jean-Jacques OECHSLIN)

国际劳工局长。

米歇尔·汉森

(Michel HANSENNE)

SINGAPORE MINISTERIAL DECLARATION

(新加坡部长宣言)

(WORLD TRADE ORGANIZATION WT/MIN(96)/DEC)

(18 December 1996)

1.We，the Ministers，have met in Singapore from 9 to 13 December 1996 for the first regular biennial meeting of the WTO at Ministerial level，as called for in Article IV of the Agreement Establishing the World Trade Organization，to further streng then the WTO as a forum forn egotiation，the continuing liberalization of trade within a rule-based system，and the multilateral review and assessment of trade policies，and in particular to:

assess the implementation of our commitments under the WTO Agreements and decisions;

review the ongoing negotiations and Work Program;

examine developments in world trade;and

address the challenges of anevolving worlde conomy.

Purpose

2.For nearly 50 years Members have sought to fulfil，first in the GATT and now in the WTO，the objectives reflected in the preamble to the WTO Agreement of conducting our trade relations with a view to raising standards of living worldwide. The rise in global trade facilitated by trade liberalization within the rules-based system has created more and better-paid jobs in many countries.The achievements of the WTO during its first two years bear witness to our desire to work together to make the most of the possibilities that the multilateral system provides to promote sustainable growth and development whil econtributing to a more stable and secure climate in international relations.

3.We believe that the scope and pace of change in the internationale conomy，including the growth in trade in services and direct investment，and the increasing integration of economies offer unprecedented opportunities for improved growth，job creation，and development.These developments require adjustment by economies and societies.They also pose challenges to the trading system.We commit ourselves to address these challenges.

Integration of Economies，Opportunities and Challenges

4.We renew our commitment to the observance of internationally recognized core labour standards.The International Labour Organization(ILO)is the competent body to set and deal with these standards，and we affirm our support for its work in promoting them.We believe that economic growth and development fostered by increased trade and further trade liberalization contribute to the promotion of these standards.We reject the use of labourst and ards for protectioni stpur poses，and agree that the comparative advantage of countries，particularly low-wage developing countries，must in no way be put into question.In this regard，we notethat the WTO and ILO Secretariats will continue their existing collaboration.

5.We commit ourselves to address the problem of marginalization for leastdeveloped countries，and the risk of it for certain developing countries.We will also continue to work for greater coherence in international economic policy-making and for improved coordination between the WTO and other agencies in providing technical assistance.

6.In pursuit of the goal of sustainable growth and development for the common good，we envisage a world where trade flows freely.To this end we renew our commitment to:

a fair，equitable and more open rule-based system;

progressive liberalization and elimination of tariff and non-tariff barriers to trade in goods;

progressive liberalization of trade in services;

rejection of all forms of protectionism;

elimination of discriminatory treatment in international trade relations;

integration of developing and least-developed countries and economies intransition into the multilateral system;and

the maximum possible level of transparency.

Role of WTO

7.We note that trade relations of WTO Members are being increasingly influenced by regional trade agreements，which have expanded vastly in number，scope and coverage.Such initiatives can promote further liberalization and may assist least-developed，developing and transition economiesin in tegrating into the international trading system.In this context，we note the importance of existing regional arrangements involving developing and least-developed countries.The expansion and extent of regional trade agreements make it important to analyse whether the system of WTO rights and obligations as it relates to regional trade agreements needs to be further clarified.We reaffirm the primacy of the multilateral trading system，which includes a framework for the development of regional trade agreements，and we renew our commitment to ensure that regional trade agreements are complementary to it and consistent with its rules.In this regard，we welcome the establishment and endorse the work of the new Committee on Regional Trade Agreements.We shall continue to work through progressive liberalization in the WTO as we are committed in the WTOAgreement and Decisions adopted at Marrakesh，and in so doing facilitate mutually supportive processes of global and regional trade liberalization.

Regional Agreements

8.It is important that the 28 applicants now negotiating accession contribute to completing the accession process by accepting the WTO rules and by offering meaningfu lmarket access commitments.We will work to bring these applicants expeditiously into the WTO system.

Accessions

9.The Dispute Settlement Understanding(DSU)offers a means for thesettlement of disputes among Members that is unique in international agreements.We consider its impartial and transparent operation to be of fundamental importance in assuring the resolution of trade disputes，and in fostering the implementation and application of the WTO agreements.The Understanding，with its predictable procedures，including the possibility of appeal of panel decisions to an Appellate Body and provisions on implementation of recommendations，has improved Members’means of resolving their differences.We believe that the DSU has worked effectively during its first two years.We also note the role that several WTO bodies have played in helping to avoid disputes.We renew our determination to abide by the rules and procedures of the DSU and other WTO agreements in the conduct of our trade relations and the settlement of disputes.We are confident that longer experience with the DSU，including the implementation of panel and appellate recommendations，will further enhance the effectiveness and credibility of the dispute settlement system.

10.We attach high priority to full and effective implementation of the WTO Agreement in a manner consistent with the goal of trade liberalization. Implementation thus far has been generally satisfactory，although some Members have expressed dissatisfaction with certain aspects.It is clear that further effort in this area is required，as indicated by the relevant WTO bodies in their reports.Implementation of the specific commitments scheduled by Members with respect to market access in industrial goods and trade in services appears to be proceeding smoothly.With respect to industrial market access，monitoring of implementation would be enhanced by the timely availability of trade and tariff data.Progress has been made also in advancing the WTO refor mprogramme in agriculture，including in implementation of agreed market access concessions and domestic subsidy and export subsidy commitments.

Implementation

11.Compliance with notification requirements has not been fully satisfactory. Because the WTO system relies on mutual monitoring as a means to assess implementation，those Members which have not submitted notifications in at imely manner，or whose notifications are not complete，should renew their efforts.At the same time，the relevant bodies should take appropriate steps to promote fullcompliance whil econsidering practical proposals for simplifying the notification process.

12.Where legislation is needed to implement WTO rules Members are mindful of the irobligations to complete their d omestic legislative process without further delay.Those Members entitled to transition periods are urged to take steps as they deem necessary to ensure timely implementation of obligations as they come into effect.Each Membe rshould carefully review all its existing o rproposed legislation，programmes and measures to ensure their ful lcompatibility with the WTO obligations，and should carefully consider points made during review in the relevant WTO bodies regarding the WTO consistency of legislation，programmes and measures，and make appropriate changes where necessary.

13.The integration of developing countries in the multilateral trading system is important for theire conomic development and for global trade expansion.In this connection，we recall that the WTO Agreement embodies provisions conferring differential and more favourable treatment for developing countries，including special attention to the particular situation of least-developed countries.We acknowledge the fact that developing country Members have undertaken significant new commitments，both substantive and procedural，and we recognize the range and complexity o fthe efforts that they are making to comply with them.In order to assist them in these efforts，including those with respect to notification and legislative requirements，we will improve the availability of technical assistance under the agreed guidelines.We have also agreed to recommendations relative to the decision we took at Marrakesh concerning the possible negative effects of the agricultural reform programme on leastdeveloped and net food-importing developing countries.

14.We remain concerned by theproblems of the least-developed countries and have agreed to:

a Plan of Action，including provision for taking positive measures，for example duty-freeaccess，on an autonomous basis，aimed at improving their overall capacity to respond to the opportunities offered by th etrading system;

seek to give operational content to the Plan of Action，fore xample，by enhancing conditions for investment and providing predictable and favourabl emarket access conditions for LLDCs’products，to foster the expansion and diversification of their exports to the markets of all developed countries;and in the case of relevantdeveloping countries in the context of the Global System of Trade Preferences;and

organize a meeting with UNCTAD and the International Trade Centre as soon as possible in 1997，with the participation of aid agencies，multilateral financial institutions and least-developed countries to foster an integrated approach to assisting these countries in enhancing their trading opportunities.

15.We confirm our commitment to full and faithful implementation of the provisions of the Agreement on Textiles and Clothing(ATC).We stress the importance of the integration of textile products，as provided for in the ATC，into GATT 1994 under its strengthened rules and disciplines because of its systemic significance for the rule-based，non-discriminatory trading system and its contribution to the increase in export earnings of developing countries.We attach importance to the implementation of this Agreement so as to ensure an effective transition to GATT 1994 by way of integration which is progressive in character.The use of safeguard measures in accordance with ATC provisions should be as sparing as possible.We note concerns regarding the use of other trade distortive measures and circumvention. We reiterate the importance of full yimplementing the provisions of the ATC relating to small suppliers，new entrants and least-developed country Members，as well as those relating to cotton-producing exporting Members.We recognize the importance of wool products for some developing country Members.We reaffirm that as part of the integration process and with reference to the specific commitments undertaken by the Members as a result of the Uruguay Round，all Members shall take such action as may be necessary to abide by GATT 1994 rules and disciplines so as to achieve improved market access for textiles and clothing products.We agree that，keeping in view its quasi-judicial nature，the Textiles Monitoring Body(TMB)should achieve transparency in providing rationale for its findings and recommendations.We expect that the TMB shall make findings and recommendations whenever called upon to do so under the Agreement.We emphasize the responsibility of the Goods Council in overseeing，in accordance with Article IV:5 of the WTO Agreement and Article 8 of the ATC，the functioning of the ATC，whose implementation is being supervised by the TMB.

Textiles and Clothing

16.The Committee on Trade and Environment has made an important contribution towards fulfilling its Work Programme.The Committee has been examining and will continue to examine，inter alia，the scope of the complementarities between trade liberalization，economic development and environmental protection.Full implementation of the WTO Agreements will make an important contribution to achieving the objectives of sustainable development.The work of the Committee has underlined the importance of policy coordination at the national level in the area of trade and environment.In this connection，the work of the Committee has been enriched by the participation of environmental as well as trade experts from Member governments and the further participation of such experts in the Committee’s deliberations would b ewelcomed.The breadth and complexity of the issues covered by the Committee’s Work rogramme shows that further work needs to be undertaken on all items of its agenda，as contained in its report.We intend to buildon the work accomplished thus far，and therefore direct the Committee to carry out its work，reporting to the General Council，under its existing terms of reference.

17.The fulfilment of the objectives agreed at Marrakesh for negotiations on the improvement of market access in services-in financial services，movement of natural persons，maritime transport services and basic telecommunications-hasp roved to be difficult.The results have been below expectations.In three areas，it has been necessary to prolong negotiations beyond the original deadlines.We are determined to obtain a progressively higher level of liberalization in services on a mutually advantageous basis with appropriate flexibility for individual developing country Members，as envisaged in the Agreement，in the continuing negotiations and those scheduled to begin no later than 1 January 2000.In this context，we look for ward to full MFN agreements based on improved market access commitments and national treatment.Accordingly，we will:

achieve a successful conclusion to the negotiations on basic telecommunications in February1997;and

resume financial services negotiations in April 1997 with the aim of achievingsignificantly improved marke access commitments with a broader level of participation in the agreed time frame.

With the same broad objectives in mind，we also look forward to a successful conclusion of the negotiations on Maritime Transport Services in the next round of negotiations on services liberalization.

In professional services，we shall aim at completing the work on the accountancy sector by the end of 1997，and will continue to develop multilateral disciplines and guidelines.In this connection，we encourage the successful completion of international standards in the accountancy sector by IFAC，IASC，and IOSCO.With respect to GATS rules，we shall undertake the necessary work with a view to completing the negotiations on safeguards by the end of 1997.We also note that more analytical work will be needed on emergency safeguards measures，government procurement in services and subsidies.

Services Negotiations

18.Taking note that a number of Members have agreed on a Declaration on Trade in Information Technology Products，we welcome the initiative taken by a number of WTO Members and other States or separate customs territories which have applied to accede to the WTO，who have agreed to tariff elimination for trade in information technology products on an MFN basis as well as the addition by anumber of Members of over 400 products to their lists of tariff-free products in pharmaceuticals.

ITA and Pharmaceuticals

19.Bearing in mind that an important aspect of WTO activities is a continuous overseeing of the implementation of various agreements，a periodic examination and updating of the WTO Work Programme is a key to enable the WTO to fulfil its objectives.In this context，we endorse the reports of the various WTO bodies.A major share of the Work Programme stems from the WTO Agreement and decisions adopted at Marrakesh.As part of these Agreements and decisions we agreed to a number of provisions calling for future negotiationson Agriculture，Services andaspects of TRIPS，or reviews and other work on Anti-Dumping，Customs Valuation，Dispute Settlement Understanding，Import Licensing，Preshipment Inspection，Rules of Origin，Sanitary and Phyto -Sanitary Measures，Safeguards，Subsidies and Countervailing Measures，Technical Barriers to Trade，Textiles and Clothing，Trade Policy Review Mechanism，Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights and Trade-Related Investment Measures.We agree to a process of analysis and exchange of information，where provided for in the conclusions and recommendations of the relevant WTO bodies，on the Built-in Agenda issues，to allow Members to better understand the issues involved and identify their interests before undertaking the agreed negotiations and reviews.We agree that:

the time frames established in the Agreements will be respected in each case;

the work undertaken shall not prejudge the scope of future negotiations where such negotiations are called for;and

the work undertaken shall not prejudice the nature of the activity agreed upon(i.e.negotiation or review).

Work Programme and Built-in Agenda

20.Having regard to the existing WTO provisions on matters related to investment and competition policy and the built-in agenda in these areas，including under the TRIMs Agreement，and on the understanding that the work undertaken shall not prejudge whether negotiations will be nitiated in the future，we also agree to:

establish a working group to examine the relationship between trade and investment;and establish a working group to study issues raised by Members relating to the interaction between trade and competition policy，including anti-competitive practices，in order to identify any areas that may merit further consideration in the WTO framework.

These groups shall draw upon each other’s work if necessary and also draw upon and be without prejudice to the work in UNCTAD and other appropriate intergovernmental fora.As regards UNCTAD，we welcome the work under way as provided for in the Midrand Declaration and the contribution it canmake to theunderstanding of issues.In the conduct of the work of the working groups，we encourage cooperation with the above organizations to make the best use of available resources and to ensure that the development dimension is taken fully into account. The General Council will keep the work of each body under review，and will determine after two years how the work of each body should proceed.It is clearly understood that future negotiations，if any，regarding multilateral disciplines in these areas，will take place only after an explicit consensus decision is taken among WTO Members regarding such negotiations.

21.We further agree to:

establish a working group to conduct a study on transparency in government procurement practices，taking into accountnationalpolicies，and，based on this study，to develop elements for inclusion in an appropriate agreement;and

transparency in Government Procurement direct the Council for Trade in Goods to undertake exploratory and analytical work，drawing on the work of other relevant international organizations，on the simplification of trade procedures in order to assess the scope for WTO rules in this area.

Trade Facilitation

22.In the organization of the work referred to in paragraphs 20 and 21，careful attention will be given to minimizing the burdens on delegations，especially those with more limited resources，and to coordinating meetings with those of relevant UNCTAD bodies.The technical cooperation programme of the Secretariat will be available to developing and，in particular，least-developed country Members to facilitate their participation in this work.

23.Noting that the 50th anniversary of the multilatera trading system will occur early in 1998，we instruct the General Council to consider how thish istoric event can best be commemorated.

Finally，we express our warmest thanks to the Chairman of the Ministerial Conference，Mr.Yeo Cheow Tong，for his personal contribution to the success of this Ministerial Conference.We also want to express our sincere gratitude to Prime Minister Goh Chok Tong，his colleagues in the Government of Singapore and the people of Singapore for their warm hospitality and the excellent organization they haveprovided.The fact that this first Ministerial Conference of the WTO has been held at Singapore is anadditional manifestation of Singapore’s commitment to an open world trading system.

【注释】

(1)转自王铁崖、田如萱编:《国际法资料选编》，法律出版社1986年版。