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句式比较题

时间:2022-02-27 理论教育 版权反馈
【摘要】:英语中,比较结构的句型复杂,表现形式多样。)因此,这里不再叙述常见的比较结构的翻译方法,主要介绍在意义上容易混淆的比较结构的翻译。跟no more...than...句型结构相近,但是意义相反的句型是no less...than...,可以翻译为“既是……,也是……;两者都是……”。请先翻译以下真题,注意其中的比较结构的翻译,再仔细对比后面的详细解析,结合前面学习到的“评分标准”和“考试要点”,进一步分析自己译文的对错得失。

英语中,比较结构的句型复杂,表现形式多样。翻译时,需要仔细分析,在准确理解的基础上,进行贴切的表达。从理解与表达的角度来看,比较结构的形式是次要的,真正重要的是意义上的比较。只要意义上表示比较,就属于比较结构。常见的比较结构的意义很容易理解,所以也比较容易翻译,如:I am taller than him.(我比他高。)因此,这里不再叙述常见的比较结构的翻译方法,主要介绍在意义上容易混淆的比较结构的翻译。

一 as/so...as...句型

1. as...as...句型

as...as...句型是同级比较,表示两者的比较程度一样。通常翻译为“……和……一样”。

举例

My parcel is as heavy as yours.

我的包裹你的一样重。

举例

She is as much interested in music as ever.

以前一样对音乐感兴趣。

The economic development in our country is as stable recently as formerly.

最近,我国的经济发展以前一样稳定。

2. not as/so...as...句型

跟as...as...句型相反的结构not as/so...as...表示两者的程度不一样,前者不如后者,所以,通常翻译为“……不如……”。

举例

My uncle is not as/so tall as your father.

我叔叔不如你父亲高。

Tom is not as/so honest as he once was.

汤姆现在不如过去那样诚实了。

3. not so much...as...句型

not so much...as...这个结构表示的基本意义和not as/so...as...一样,但是通常翻译为“与其说……不如说……”。

举例

He was not so much angry as disappointed.

与其说他是生气,还不如说是失望了。(可以理解为“他生气不如失望多”,也就是说“他更多的是失望,生气是其次”)

The oceans do not so much divide the world as unite it.

与其说海洋是把世界分割开来,还不如说是把世界连接在一起。

Bad writing is caused not so much by mistakes in grammar as by weakness in style.

拙劣的写作,与其说是由于语法上的错误,还不如说是由于文体上的缺陷。

4. not so much as...句型

not so much as...这个结构相当于not even...,所以通常翻译为“甚至不……,甚至没有……”。请注意与not so much...as...这个结构的区别。

举例

He didnt so much as ask me to set down.

甚至没有请我坐下。

He cannot so much as spell a word.

甚至连一个词也不会拼写。

举例

He hadnt so much as his fare home.

甚至连回家的路费都没有了。

二 比较级+than to do...句型

由比较级与than to do...结合在一起的句型,通常翻译为“不至于做……”。

举例

You ought to know better than to go swimming on such a cold day.

不至于这么冷的天气去游泳吧。

I have more sense than to tell him about our plan.

我不至于愚蠢到把我们的计划告诉他。

He had a better command of English than to make such foolish mistakes.

他的英语学得很好,不至于犯这样愚蠢的错误。

三 (no) more than句型

1. more A than B句型

more A than B句型通常用于同一个人或者同种事物在两种不同性质或者特征层面的比较。翻译为“与其说B,不如说A”。类似的结构还有less A than B,翻译为“与其说A,不如说B”,请注意这两个结构中“与其说”与“不如说”的对象,即A与B两者在翻译中的位置。

举例

He is more good than bad.

与其说他很坏,不如说他很好。

He is less good than bad.

与其说他很好,不如说他很坏。

He is more a writer than a teacher.

与其说他是老师,不如说他是作家。

He is less clever than diligent.

与其说他聪明,不如说他勤奋。

2. more than...句型

在英语中,如果more than...句型后面所跟的词性不相同,那么其意义也不尽相同,应该用不同的汉语词来翻译。

(1)more than后面接数词,表示“多于……;……以上”的意思。

举例

I have known him for more than twenty years.

我已经认识她二十多年了。

I have more than ten dollars in my pocket.

我口袋里还有十多美元

(2)more than后面接名词或者动词,表示“不只是……”的意思。

举例

He is more than a father to her.

他待她胜过父亲

He more than smiled, but laughed.

不只是微笑,而是放声大笑。

(3)more than后面接形容词、副词或者分词,表示“极其,非常”的意思。

举例

She was more than kind to us.

他对我们非常友好

He was more than upset by the accident.

这个意外事故让他非常心烦

(4)more than...can...则表示“难以……;不能……”的意思。

举例

That is more than I can understand.

难以明白那件事情。

The cold was more than the children could bear.

那种寒冷是孩子们不能忍受的。

3. no more...than...句型

no more...than...句型在意义上与not any more than...一样,表示对两者都否定,所以可以翻译为“……和……一样不;不是……正如……;既不……也不……;……和……两者都不”。跟no more...than...句型结构相近,但是意义相反的句型是no less...than...,可以翻译为“既是……,也是……;两者都是……”。

举例

His grammar is no better than mine.

他的语法和我的一样不好

He is no more a writer than a painter.

既不是画家,也不是作家。

He is no less a writer than a painter.

既是画家,也是作家。

I am no more a poet than he is a scholar.

不是诗人,正如不是学者一样。

真题演练

请先翻译以下真题,注意其中的比较结构的翻译,再仔细对比后面的详细解析,结合前面学习到的“评分标准”和“考试要点”,进一步分析自己译文的对错得失。

例1. (2006年50题) They may teach very well,// and more than earn their salaries, // but most of them make little or no independent reflections on human problems // which involve moral judgment.(句子详细解析,请参考本书第148页)

例2. (2006年49题) But his primary task is not to think about the moral code, // which governs his activity, // any more than a businessman is expected to dedicate his energies // to an exploration of rules of conduct in business.(句子详细解析,请参考本书第147页)

例3. (1999年71题) While there are almost as many definitions of history as there are historians, // modern practice most closely conforms to one // that sees history as the attempt // to recreate and explain the significant events of the past.(句子详细解析,请参考本书第83页)

例4. (2009年48题) While it is easy to ignore in our contact with them // the effect of our acts upon their disposition, // it is not so easy as in dealing with adults.(句子详细解析,请参考本书第167页)

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