首页 理论教育 夹叙夹议(一)

夹叙夹议(一)

时间:2022-02-25 理论教育 版权反馈
【摘要】:解题分析:根据下文线索like ice-skating可知,熨衣服操作起来不像滑冰那样平稳,所以正确答案为_____。

[学习建议:第7天完成]

作者讲解

Section 1:体裁解读

问:夹叙夹议的文章的特点是什么?

答:夹叙夹议类完形填空文章的特点是,作者在叙述某一事情后,再对该事情加以分析与评论,最后写出自己得到的某种启发与感悟。评论是在记叙的基础上,通常在最后一段才会加以评论。当然,也有文章在首段就提出了一个观点,然后下文会紧紧围绕这一观点来叙述。

Section 2:真题再现

The summer before I went off to colleg, Mom stood in her usual spot behind the ironing board(烫衣板)and sai, "Pay attention: I'm going to teach you to iron. ”

Mom clearly explained her 1 for this lesson. I was going to be 2 and needed to learn this vital skill. Als, I would be meeting new peopl, and properly ironed clothes would help me make a good 3 .

文章大意:

本文是一篇夹叙夹议类短文。作者上大学之前,妈妈教作者如何熨衣服。在学习熨衣服的过程中作者领会了解决人生难题的方法。

1. A. reasons B. rules C. emotions D. methods

2. A. helpful B. confident C. powerful D. independent

3. A. conclusion B. suggestion C. impression D. observation

解析:

1. 选项翻译:A. 理由,原因;B. 规则;C. 情绪,情感;D. 方式,方法

解题分析:根据下文线索可知,“我”学会了熨衣服后,穿上熨好的衣服能给人留下好印象,这是妈妈向“我”解释的学习熨衣服的理由,因此正确答案为_____。(答案在Part A部分的最后,下同。)

2. 选项翻译:A. 乐于助人的,有帮助的;B. 有信心的;C. 强有力的,强大的;D. 独立

解题分析:根据第一段第一句的线索I went off to college可知,“我”要离开父母去读大学了,这意味着“我”将开始独立生活。所以正确答案为_____。

3. 选项翻译:A. 结论;B. 建议;C. 印象;D. 观察

解题分析:根据上文线索meeting new people可知,着装整齐会让“我”在遇见不认识的人时给人留下很好的印象,所以正确答案为_____。

"Learn to iron a shir, ”Mom sai, "and you can iron anything. ”

But ironing shirts was not 4 work. It didn't make use of long muscles we used to throw a basebal, and it wasn't a 5 operation like ice-skating. Ironing was like driving a car on a street that has a stop sign every 10 feet. Moreove, an iron produced steam and it carried an element of 6 . If you touched the wrong part of i, you'd get burnt. If you forgot to turn it off when you 7 , you might burn down the house.

4. A. useful B. easy C. special D. suitable

5. A. direct B. single C. smooth D. strange

6. A. doubt B. pressure C. surprise D. danger

7. A. went away B. fell down C. jumped off D. looked up

解析:

4. 选项翻译:A. 有用的;B. 容易的;C. 特别的;D. 适合的

解题分析:根据下文线索Ironing was like driving a car on a street that has a stop every 10 feet可知,熨衣服就像是在交通拥挤的街道上开车,每隔10英尺就要停车,所以是一件不容易做的事情,正确答案为_____。

5. 选项翻译:A. 直接的;B. 单个的;C. 平稳的,顺利的;光滑的;D. 奇怪的

解题分析:根据下文线索like ice-skating可知,熨衣服操作起来不像滑冰那样平稳,所以正确答案为_____。

6. 选项翻译:A. 怀疑;B. 压力;C. 惊讶;D. 危险

解题分析:根据下文线索you'd get burnt可知,熨衣服时可能会被烫伤,说明熨衣服还是有一定危险性的,所以正确答案为_____。

7. 选项翻译:A. 走开;B. 摔倒;C. 跳下;开始行动;D. 查找;抬头看

解题分析:根据下文线索you might burn down the house和常识可知,如果你走开时忘记关掉熨斗的话,可能会把整座房子都烧掉,所以正确答案为_____。

As for techniqu, Mom 8 me to begin with the flat spaces outwar, always pushing the iron forward into wrinkled(有褶皱的)parts. Collars had to be done right. Mom said they were close to your fac, where everyone would 9 them.

Over the year, I've learned to iron shirts skillfull, which gives me a sense of 10 . Whatever failures I suffer in my lif, an ironed shirt tells me I am good at something.  11 , through ironing I've learned the method for solving even the most troublesome problems. “ 12 wrinkles one at a tim, ”as Mom might have sai, "and before long everything will get ironed out. ”

8. A. taught B. chose C. forced D. sent

9. A. touch B. design C. see D. admire

10. A. honesty B. freedom C. justice D. pride

11. A. Instead B. Besides C. Otherwise D. However

12. A. Make up B. Deal with C. Ask for D. Rely on

解析:

8. 选项翻译:A. 教;B. 选择;C. 强迫;D. 发送

解题分析:根据文章第一段的线索Pay attention: I'm going to teach you to iron和本空格前面的线索As for technique可知,妈妈在教“我”熨衣服的方法,所以正确答案为_____。

9. 选项翻译:A. 触摸;B. 设计;C. 看见;D. 钦佩,羡慕

解题分析:根据上文线索Mom said they were close to your face可知,妈妈说衣领靠近我们的脸,而越靠近脸的地方越容易被人看见,所以正确答案为_____。

10. 选项翻译:A. 诚实;B. 自由;C. 公平,正义;D. 自豪,骄傲

解题分析:根据上文线索I've learned to iron shirts skillfully可知,作者已经熟练掌握了熨衣服的技能,所以感到很自豪,正确答案为_____。

11. 选项翻译:A. 代替,而不是;B. 而且;C. 否则,要不然;D. 然而

解题分析:考查上下文的逻辑关系。上句意为“无论在生活中我遭受了什么样的失败,一件熨好的衬衫都能提醒我,我很擅长做一件事情。”此处作者是说学习熨衣服给自己带来的好处,下文讲的也是好处,故可知空格处应该填表示递进关系的词,所以正确答案为_____。

12. 选项翻译:A. 化妆;编造;弥补;组成;B. 处理;对付;C. 要求;D. 依靠

解题分析:考查同义重现。根据上文线索I've learned the method for solving even the most troublesome problems可知,此处表达的句意为“一次熨一处褶皱”,这里的“褶皱”就相当于troublesome problem, 而deal with就相当于solv, 所以正确答案为_____。

KEY

1-5 ADCBC 6-10 DAACD 11-12 BB

Section 1:线索定位训练

下面的真题中已将已知线索加粗,主要目标是训练同学们养成寻找已知线索的习惯。

Since finishing my studies at Harvard and Oxfor, I've watched one friend after another land high-rankin, high-paying Wall Street jobs. As executives(高级管理人员)with bank, consulting firm, established law firm, and major corporation, many are now 1 on their way to impressive careers. By society's 2 , they seem to have it made.

On the surfac, these people seem to be very lucky in life. As they left student life behin, many had a 3 drink at their cheap but friendly local ba, shook hands with longtime roommate, and 4 out of small apartments into high buildings. They made reservations at restaurants where the cost of a bottle of wine 5 a college year's monthly rent. They replaced their beloved old car with expensive new sports cars.

The thing i, a number of them have 6 that despite their succes, they aren't happy. Some 7 of unfriendly coworkers and feel sad for eight-hour workweeks devoted to tasks they 8 . Some do not respect the companies they work for and talk of feeling tired and 9 . Howeve, instead of devoting themselves to their wor, they find themselves working to support the 10 to which they have so quickly become 11 .

People often speak of trying a more satisfying pat, and 12 in the end the idea of leaving their jobs to work for something they 13 or finding a position that would give them more time with their families almost always leads them to the same conclusion: it's 14 . They have loan, bill, a mortgage(抵押贷款)to 15 , retirement to save for. They recognize there's something 16 in their live, but it's 17 to step off the track.

In a society that tends to 18 everything in terms of dollars and cent, we learn from a young age to consider the costs of our 19 in financial terms. But what about the personal and social costs 20 in pursuing money over meaning?These are exactly the kinds of costs many of us tend to ignore—and the very ones we need to consider most.

1. A. much B. never C. seldom D. well

2. A. policies B. standards C. experiments D. regulations

3. A. last B. least C. second D. best

4. A. cycled B. moved C. slid D. looked

5. A. shared B. paid C. equaled D. collected

6. A. advertised B. witnessed C. admitted D. demanded

7. A. complain B. dream C. hear D. approve

8. A. distribute B. hate C. applaud D. neglect

9. A. calm B. guilty C. warm D. empty

10. A. family B. government C. lifestyle D. project

11. A. accustomed B. appointed C. unique D. available

12. A. yet B. also C. instead D. rather

13. A. let out B. turn in C. give up D. believe in

14. A. fundamental B. practical C. impossible D. unforgettable

15. A. take off B. drop off C. put off D. pay off

16. A. missing B. inspiring C. sinking D. shining

17. A. harmful B. hard C. useful D. normal

18. A. measure B. suffer C. digest D. deliver

19. A. disasters B. motivations C. campaigns D. decisions

20. A. assessed B. involved C. covered D. reduced

Section 2:答案详解

文章大意:作者大学毕业后在工作和生活体验中理解了成功的真正含义,指出“物质上的成功和享受并不代表精神的富足和幸福”这一价值取向。

1. 【答案】D

选项翻译:A. 许多;B. 绝不;C. 很少;D. 很好

解题分析:根据上文线索high-rankin, high-paying Wall Street jobs可知,高级管理人员的职位和薪酬水平都很高,所以这里应该是说他们在职业生涯中发展得很好,所以正确答案为D。

2. 【答案】B

选项翻译:A. 政策;B. 标准;C. 实验;D. 规章制度

解题分析:根据下文线索they seem to have it made可知,此处是说,以当前的社会标准来看,那些高级管理人员似乎的确是成功了,所以正确答案为B。

3. 【答案】A

选项翻译:A. 最后的;B. 最少的;C. 第二的;D. 最好的

解题分析:根据上文线索left student life behind和下文提到的他们从小公寓搬到高楼住,很多高级管理人员在告别学生时代之前,都会最后一次去售卖廉价酒水的酒吧,所以正确答案为A。

4. 【答案】B

选项翻译:A. 骑车;B. 搬家;C. 滑落;D. 看

解题分析:根据下文线索out of small apartments into high buildings可知,那些高级管理人员应该是从小公寓搬到高楼住,所以正确答案为B。

5. 【答案】C

选项翻译:A. 分享;B. 支付;C. 等同于;D. 收集

解题分析:根据下文线索They replaced their beloved old car with expensive new sports cars可知,高级管理人员的生活很奢侈,那么此处应该是说,他们在饭店喝的一瓶酒的价格等同于上大学时一个月的房租,所以正确答案为C。

6. 【答案】C

选项翻译:A. 打广告;B. 目击;C. 承认;D. 要求

解题分析:考查上下文语义逻辑。根据前后语义逻辑可知,此处是说很多高级管理人员承认,尽管他们很成功,但是并不开心。所以正确答案为C。

7. 【答案】A

选项翻译:A. 抱怨;B. 梦想;C. 听到;D. 同意

解题分析:根据上文线索despite their succes, they aren't happy和下文线索unfriendly coworkers and feel sad for eight-hour workweeks可知,尽管高级管理人员很成功,但是他们并不开心,由此可推断出他们会经常抱怨自己的工作状态,所以正确答案为A。

8. 【答案】B

选项翻译:A. 分发;B. 厌恶;C. 鼓掌;D. 忽略

解题分析:考查同义并列逻辑。根据上文线索aren't happ, unfriendl, sad可知,此处表达的是贬义,因此应该填入与这些线索词同义的词,表示高级管理人员不喜欢所做的工作。所以正确答案为B。

9. 【答案】D

选项翻译:A. 镇静的;B. 有罪的;C. 温暖的;D. 空虚的

解题分析:考查同义并列逻辑。根据上文线索Some do not respect the companies they work for and talk of feeling tired可知,“不尊重”“感到很累”都是一些贬义色彩的词,所以此处应该填入贬义词,选项B用在此处不符合语义,所以正确答案为D。

10. 【答案】C

选项翻译:A. 家庭;B. 政府;C. 生活方式;D. 项目

解题分析:上句提到高级管理人员感到劳累和空虚,但本句以however开头,转而指出,他们发现自己正在努力支持那种早已很快适应了的生活方式,所以正确答案为C。其余三项都与文章讨论的内容无关,故排除。

11. 【答案】A

选项翻译:A. 习惯的;B. 约定的;C. 独一无二的;D. 可利用的

解题分析:考查上下文语义逻辑和固定搭配。根据前后语义逻辑可知,高级管理人员发现自己对这种生活方式已经习惯了,所以正确答案为A。be accustomed to为固定搭配,意为“习惯于”。

12. 【答案】A

选项翻译:A. 然而;B. 也;C. 相反;取而代之;D. 相当

解题分析:考查反义转折逻辑。前文指出,人们经常说想尝试一种更加令人满意的职业发展道路,而后面又提到他们有贷款和需要支付的账单,所以反推可以得知,离开现在的工作岗位或者找到一份可以多陪家人的工作的想法几乎是不可能实现的。也就是说此处是语义转折,所以正确答案为A。

13. 【答案】D

选项翻译:A. 发出;B. 上交;C. 放弃;D. 相信;认为……是正确的

解题分析:根据前后语义逻辑可知,人们有贷款和需要支付的账单,所以离开现在的工作岗位而为了自己信奉的事物工作的想法几乎是不可能实现的,所以正确答案为D。

14. 【答案】C

选项翻译:A. 基本的;B. 实践的;C. 不可能的;D. 难忘的

解题分析:考查上下文语义逻辑。由上面两题的分析可知,本题选C。

15. 【答案】D

选项翻译:A. 起飞;B. 减少;C. 推迟;D. 支付;偿还

解题分析:考查同义并列逻辑。根据上文线索They have loan, bills和下文线索retirement to save for可知,此处应该是说人们有抵押贷款要偿还,所以正确答案为D。

16. 【答案】A

选项翻译:A. 失去;B. 鼓舞;C. 沉没;D. 闪亮

解题分析:根据前后语义逻辑可知,前文描述了生活的艰难,人们也意识到自己的生活中正在失去什么,所以正确答案为A。

17. 【答案】B

选项翻译:A. 有害的;B. 困难的;C. 有用的;D. 正常的

解题分析:根据前后语义逻辑可知,人们虽然知道自己生活中失去了什么,但是很难离开这样的生活轨道,所以正确答案为B。

18. 【答案】A

选项翻译:A. 衡量;B. 遭受痛苦;C. 消化;D. 运送

解题分析:根据下文线索everything in terms of dollars and cents可知,此处是说当今社会,人们通常用金钱来衡量一切,所以正确答案为A。

19. 【答案】D

选项翻译:A. 灾难;B. 动机;C. 战役;运动;D. 决定

解题分析:根据上文线索everything in terms of dollars and cents可知,当今社会,人们趋向于用金钱来衡量所有的事情,我们在小时候就知道要考虑所做决定的经济代价,所以正确答案为D。

20. 【答案】B

选项翻译:A. 评估;B. 有关联;C. 覆盖;D. 减少

解题分析:考查上下文语义逻辑和固定搭配。本句提出疑问:在投身于对金钱而不是生活意义的追求时,我们个人和社会所付出的代价是什么?involved in sth. 为固定用法,意为“投身于……;与……有关联”。

Section 1:真题精练

阅读下面短文,掌握其大意,然后从各题所给出的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。

Where do you go when you want to learn something?School?A friend?A tutor?These are all 1 places of learning. But it may well be that the learning you really want 2 somewhere else instead. I had the 3 of seeing this first hand on a 4 .

My daughter plays on a recreational soccer team. They did well this season and so 5 a tournamen, which normally was only for more skilled club teams. This led to some 6 experiences on Saturday as they played against teams 7 trained. Through the first two game, her 8 did not get one serious shot on goal. As a paren, I 9 seeing my daughter playing her bes,  10 still defeated.

It seemed that something clicked with the 11 between Saturday and Sunday. When they 12 for their Sunday gam, they were 13 different. They had begun to integrate(融合)the kinds of play and teamwork they had 14 the day before into their 15 . They played aggressively and 16 scored a goal.

It 17 me that playing against the other team was a great 18 moment for all the girls on the team. I think it is a general principle.  19 is the best teacher. The lessons they learned may not be 20 what they would have gotten in schoo, but are certainly more personal and meaningfu, because they had to work them out on their own.

1. A. public B. traditional C. official D. special

2. A. passes B. works C. lies D. ends

3. A. dream B. idea C. habit D. chance

4. A. trip B. holiday C. weekend D. square

5. A. won B. entered C. organized D. watched

6. A. painful B. strange C. common D. practical

7. A. less B. poorly C. newly D. better

8. A. fans B. tutors C. class D. team

9. A. imagined B. hated C. avoided D. missed

10. A. if B. or C. but D. as

11. A. girls B. parents C. coaches D. viewers

12. A. dressed B. showed up C. made up D. planned

13. A. slightly B. hardly C. basically D. completely

14. A. seen B. known C. heard D. read

15. A. styles B. training C. game D. rules

16. A. even B. still C. seldom D. again

17. A. confused B. struck C. reminded D. warned

18. A. touching B. thinking C. encouraging D. learning

19. A. Experience B. Independence C. Curiosity D. Interest

20. A. harmful to B. mixed with C. different from D. applied to

Section 2:答案详解

文章大意:作者通过观看女儿参加的一场足球锦标赛,得到启发:学校里的学习很重要,但是实战经验是更好的老师。

1. 【答案】B

选项翻译:A. 公众的;B. 传统的;C. 官方的;D. 特别的

解题分析:文章开头首先提出疑问:当你想要学习某些知识时,会选择去哪里,或去找谁?然后给出了三个选择:School. A friend. A tutor。根据常识可知,这三个选择都与传统教育方式有关,所以正确答案为B。

2. 【答案】C

选项翻译:A. 传递;B. 起作用;C. 在于;D. 结束

解题分析:根据前后语义逻辑可知,你可以通过其他方法来真正学到东西,换句话说,真正的学习内容也可以在别处。所以正确答案为C。

3. 【答案】D

选项翻译:A. 梦想;B. 主意,想法;C. 习惯;D. 机会

解题分析:考查全文主题。根据下文的故事可知,“我”女儿的经历让“我”有机会在第一时间看到了这样的学习过程,所以正确答案为D。

4. 【答案】C

选项翻译:A. 旅行;B. 假期;C. 周末;D. 广场

解题分析:根据下文第三段的首句线索between Saturday and Sunday可知,是周末发生的事,所以正确答案为C。

5. 【答案】B

选项翻译:A. 赢得;B. 进入;C. 组织;D. 观看

解题分析:根据前后语义逻辑可知,作者女儿所在的足球队踢得好,因此入围了锦标赛,所以正确答案为B。

6. 【答案】A

选项翻译:A. 痛苦的;B. 奇怪的;C. 普通的;D. 实用的

解题分析:根据本段最后一句话的线索still defeated可知,对方球队打败了作者女儿所在的球队,由此可推断这是一场令人痛苦的比赛,所以正确答案为A。

7. 【答案】D

选项翻译:A. 较少;B. 差地;C. 新地;D. 更好

解题分析:根据本段最后一句话的线索still defeated可知,作者女儿所在的球队被打败了,因此对方应是受过更好训练的一支球队,所以正确答案为D。

8. 【答案】D

选项翻译:A. 球迷;B. 教练;C. 班;D. 球队

解题分析:考查原词重现。根据上文线索My daughter plays on a recreational soccer team可知,是女儿所在的足球队没进球,所以正确答案为D。

9. 【答案】B

选项翻译:A. 想象;B. 讨厌,不喜欢;C. 避免;D. 错过;想念

解题分析:根据上文线索As a parent和下文线索still defeated可知,作为家长,“我”应该是不喜欢看到女儿所在的球队被打败。所以正确答案为B。

10. 【答案】C

选项翻译:A. 如果;B. 或者;C. 但是;D. 因为

解题分析:考查反义转折逻辑。根据上文线索seeing my daughter playing her best和下文线索still defeated可知,前后语义为转折关系,所以正确答案为C。

11. 【答案】A

选项翻译:A. 女孩们;B. 家长们;C. 教练们;D. 观众们

解题分析:考查同义重现和原词重现。根据上文线索My daughter plays on a recreational soccer team可知,作者女儿所在的球队肯定是由女孩组成的,而且最后一段第一句也提到了girl, 所以正确答案为A。

12. 【答案】B

选项翻译:A. 穿衣服;B. 出现,现身;C. 编造;D. 计划

解题分析:根据前后语义逻辑可知,作者女儿所在的球队在周日现身踢第二场球赛,所以正确答案为B。

13. 【答案】D

选项翻译:A. 轻微地;B. 几乎不;C. 基本地;D. 完全地

解题分析:根据下文线索They had begun to integrate the kinds of play and teamwork和They played aggressively and…scored a goal可知,作者女儿所在的球队周日的表现跟周六完全不一样,所以正确答案为D。

14. 【答案】A

选项翻译:A. 观察,看;B. 知道;C. 听见;D. 读

解题分析:根据前后语义逻辑可知,作者女儿所在的球队将周六看到的(对方球队的)踢法运用到周日的比赛中,所以正确答案为A。

15. 【答案】C

选项翻译:A. 风格;B. 训练;C. 比赛;D. 规则

解题分析:根据前后语义逻辑可知,作者女儿所在的球队正在参加比赛,所以正确答案为C。

16. 【答案】A

选项翻译:A. 甚至;B. 仍然;C. 很少;D. 又,再一次

解题分析:根据上文线索They played aggressively and和下文线索scored a goal可知,和前一场比赛相比,她们这场比赛打得有闯劲,甚至还进了一个球,所以正确答案为A。

17. 【答案】B

选项翻译:A. 使困惑;B. 使突然想到;C. 提醒;D. 警告

解题分析:考查固定搭配与上下文语义逻辑。It strikes sb. that是固定句型,意思是“某人突然想到”,所以正确答案为B。

18. 【答案】D

选项翻译:A. 动人的;B. 思考的;C. 鼓舞人心的;D. 学习的

解题分析:考查全文主题。和另一支球队比赛也是一个很好的学习机会,和文章的开头相呼应。所以正确答案为D。

19. 【答案】A

选项翻译:A. 经历;经验;B. 独立;C. 好奇;D. 兴趣

解题分析:根据前后语义逻辑可知,此处提出全文主题:经历是最好的老师。所以正确答案为A。

20. 【答案】C

选项翻译:A. 对……有伤害;B. 与……混合;C. 与……不同;D. 被应用于

解题分析:根据前后语义逻辑可知,此处是说她们通过参加球赛学到的东西可能与在学校里学到的没有什么不同,但是肯定更有意义,所以正确答案为C。

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