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大提琴奏巴赫曲

时间:2022-04-07 理论教育 版权反馈
【摘要】:笔者在此以人们喜闻乐见的形式创作、编写了三篇英语短文,在力求生动的情节中串联起了累计100个英语难读词。当三年前欧文·杜威作为交换学生从加拿大蒙特利尔前来与林赛及其家人同住时,他们全都开始说起了英语。随着时间的推移,宾主双方开始无话不谈,话题涉及从协奏曲、大提琴、三文鱼到宇宙等各种内容。当林赛寓所四周的群山被秋色染红时,杜威遂意识到,是该

笔者在此以人们喜闻乐见的形式创作、编写了三篇英语短文(即Lindsay and Owen、Tornado和Off to See the World,均配中文译文),在力求生动的情节中串联起了累计100个英语难读词。它们分布在每一个句子中,其数量之多,密度之大,难度之高,谅必给人以处处陷阱、步步惊心之感。读罢所有短文,很多读者或许会对英语有这样的同感——“语法不复杂,发音不简单”。

单词难读不难读,因人而异。下述三篇文章涉及的百个难读词均作了划线处理,但这并不意味着划线词对任何人都是难读词(即黑天鹅式单词),也不意味着非划线词就一定是易读词(即白天鹅式单词)。无论如何,笔者至少可以说,下述划线难读词在三种情况下肯定会“走音跑调”。第一种情况是对单词正确读音胸“无”成竹却又不愿去查阅英语词典,第二种情况是依照先入为主的思维定式想当然地去发音,第三种情况是按照字母形式贸然去拼读。

这100个难读词中的一部分将在其他章节中作进一步讨论。顺便说一下,如果您觉得下列英语短文中的“巧事”又巧又多,请不必较真儿,因为笔者的初衷是让大家开口读文,读文辨音,辨音热身。现在就请各位一试身手吧。

笔者现在提前将下述第一篇短文中的cello和第三篇短文中的Bach糅进英语句子Bach's composition is being played on a cello(大提琴奏巴赫曲)之中。此时此刻,您敢念、会念这两个单词吗? 试试看。

1.Lindsay and Owen

Lindsay lives in Zagreb,the capital of Croatia.Like a lot of other compatriots,he speaks both Croatian and English.When Owen Dewey came to live with Lindsay and his family as an exchange student from Montreal, Canada,three years ago,they all began to speak English.The only time Lindsay,his papa,mom,grandpa and grandma did not speak English was when they were planning a surprise party for Owen in their relatives' pinetum, vineyard or other venues.Owen,however,excelled so much at speaking and writing Lindsay's mother tongue as well as French and Danish that Lindsay's folks commented that he was a learned Canadian.

The master possesses two houses,one of which is in the downtown area and the other is in the environs of Zagreb.They plant pear trees in their orchard, grow gardenias in their garden and raise a pair of cleanly cats in the courtyard. His grandparents often ride donkeys to the fair.With the passage of time,the host and the guest commenced to talk about almost everything,from concerto, cello,salmon to universe.Their friendship developed through their shared interest in the philately and music.

When the hills beyond Lindsay's dwelling place were inflamed with autumnal tints,Dewey sensed that it was time to return home from this city. Having called an air-ticket agency for reservations on behalf of Dewey,the host,along with all his family,had such mixed feelings that they parted with the exchange student reluctantly at the airport

林赛与欧文(中文译文)

林赛住在克罗地亚首都萨格勒布市。像国内许多其他同胞一样,他既说克罗地亚语,又说英语。当三年前欧文·杜威作为交换学生从加拿大蒙特利尔前来与林赛及其家人同住时,他们全都开始说起了英语。林赛、他的爸爸、妈妈、爷爷和奶奶唯一不用开口说英语的时候是他们在其亲戚的松树园、葡萄园或其他地方为他策划惊喜聚会的时段。然而,欧文却非常擅长说写林赛的母语以及法语和丹麦语,以至于林赛家人称其为一个博学多才的加拿大人。

该主人拥有两栋房子,其中一栋位于市中心,另一栋地处萨格勒布郊外。他们在自家果园种有梨树,在自家花园植有栀子花,在自家庭院饲养着一对特爱干净的猫咪。他的爷爷、奶奶经常骑着毛驴去赶集。随着时间的推移,宾主双方开始无话不谈,话题涉及从协奏曲、大提琴、三文鱼到宇宙等各种内容。对集邮和音乐的共同兴趣更加深了他们之间的友谊。

当林赛寓所四周的群山被秋色染红时,杜威遂意识到,是该从这个城市回国的时候了。主人他们一家子代杜威致电机票代售处预订票子后百感交集,以致他们在机场依依不舍地同该交换学生道别。

本文划线词读音(本篇英语短文共有30个划线的难读词。除houses外,其他划线词在标注其读音时不采用屈折词形式,换言之,此处只按序列出名词之单数形式以及动词原形。)

    【误】 【正】

(1)Lindsay['lind,sei]['lindzi]

(2)Croatia['krəuʃiə][krəu'eiʃə]

(3)of[ɔf][ɔv;əv]([ɔf]是off的读音)

(4)Owen['əuwən]['əuin]

(5)Dewey ['djuːwei] ['djuːi]

(6)Montreal ['mɔntriəl] [mɔntri'ɔːl]

(7)papa ['pɑːpə] [pə'pɑː]

(8)grandpa ['grændpɑː] ['grænpɑː]

(grandmother中的字母d须发音,但grandpa中的字母d一般是不发音的)

(9)grandma['grændmɑː]['grænmɑː]

(grandmoter中的字母d须发音,但grandma中的字母d一般是不发音的。2016年6月15日清晨6:45左右,某电台一名女主播在介绍90岁高龄的英国女王伊丽莎白二世的经历时说她是一个高雅而时尚的grandma。该主播当时把此词错念成了['grændmɑː]。这说明grandma中的字母d很容易被误认为是发音的。)

(10)pinetum ['paintəm] [pai'niːtəm]

(11)vineyard ['vainjɑːd] ['vinjəd]

(vineyard读音方面的友情提示参见第255页)

(12)excel ['eksəl] [ik'sel]

(13)Danish ['dæniʃ] ['deiniʃ]

(14)comment ['kɔmənt] ['kɔment]

(15)learned ['ləːnd] ['ləːnid]

(动词learn有两套过去式和过去分词,第一套是learned/learned[均念'ləːnd],第二套是learnt/learnt[均念'ləːnt],但是learned在本文中是形容词,意为“博学的”,而作形容词时,它的正确读音是['ləːnid])

(16)Canadian['kænədiən][kə'neidiən]

(念Canadian时,切勿受名词Canada之读音['kænədə]的误导)

(17)possess[pə'ses][pə'zes]

(此词中的第二对字母ss念清辅音[s],但第一对字母ss须念浊辅音[z])

(18)houses['hausiz]['hauziz]

(单数house[haus]中的字母s念清辅音[s],但复数houses中处于同样第四个位置上的s却必须念浊辅音[z])

(19)pear [piə] [pεə]

(20)orchard ['ɔtʃɑːd] ['ɔːtʃəd]

(21)gardenia ['gɑːdəniə] [gɑː'diːniə]

(念gardenia时,切勿受garden之读音['gɑːdən]的影响)

(22)cleanly['kliːnli]['klenli]

(cleanly是一个双词性词。用作副词时,它读作['kliːnli],意为“公平地;干净利落地;彻底地”;用作形容词时,它则念['klenli],意为“爱干净的;有洁癖的”。在本文中,它显然是一个形容词。)

(23)donkey ['dʌŋki] ['dɔŋki]

(24)concerto ['kɔnsətəu] [kən'tʃəːtəu]

(念concerto时,切勿受concert之读音['kɔnsət]的干扰)

(25)cello['seləu]['tʃeləu]

(切勿根据cell之读音[sel]来推断cello之读音)

(26)salmon['sælmən]['sæmən]

(此词中的l是一个沉默的字母)

(27)universe[,juːni'vəːs]['juːnivəːs]

(u·ni·ver·si·ty[,juːni'vəːsiti]的重音落在第三个音节ver之上,但u· ni·verse的重音却落在第一个音节u之上)

(28)philately[fi'leitli][fi'lætli]

(虽然绝大多数以ly结尾的词都是副词,但philately却是一个名词。尽管独立单词lately念['leitli],但是在philately中扮演词素角色的lately却只能念作[lætli]。)

(29)autumnal['ɔːtəmnəl][ɔː'tʌmnəl]

(会以['ɔːtəm]之音读对名词autumn的人不一定有把握念准形容词autumnal)

(30)reservation[ri'zəːveiʃən][,rezə'veiʃən]

(有的人面对动词reserve[ri'zəːv]会胸有成竹,但面对名词reservation恐怕就胸无成竹了)

2.Tornado

Tornadoes can occur in every continent such as North America,Latin America and Oceanica.Albeit virtually every volcanic eruption is dreadful,the power of volcanoes is hardly comparable with that of tornadoes.The velocity of such wind may bemore than 800kilos per hour.It rarely winds its way into the land,but it causes havoc wherever it roars.The largest tornado on record had a funnel approximately 1.2 miles wide.

There are many interesting stories and amusing experiences about queer things that tornadoes have done around the globe.For instance,people and animals like owls,crows,wolves,ducks,geese,goslings,orangoutangs and so on have been carried hundreds of meters,often surprisedly suffering no casualties. Threatening but not dangerous is that feathers have been removed from chickens and monocycles,bicycles,tricycles,motorcycles,limousines,trucks and even a whole freight train including its locomotive and its caboose have been blown away.

Over 1000 tornadoes strike theso-called“Tornado Alley”in the Midwest of U.S.A.every year,casting various“lethal weapons”such as spades,sickles and chassis.Kansas and Oklahoma have been most prone to tornadoes.The biggest and most catastrophic tornado called Tri-State Tornado in the U.S.struck on March 18,1925,killing 689 people in its 354-kilometer long journey.

Canada,Mexico,U.K.,Italy,China,the Philippines,Australia,Japan, New Zealand,India,etc.also suffered a lot from tornadoes.In August2010 when wildfires were burning in many places across Brazil due to drought,a tornado abruptly blew at fire point in Sãn Paulo,creating a rare sight of fire tornado higher than several meters.Experts say that if a tornado is going to approach,the safest rendezvous is certain underground area such as cellars attached to béton buildings.

龙卷风(中文译文)

龙卷风在北美洲、拉丁美洲、大洋洲等每个大陆都会发生。虽然几乎每次火山爆发都令人恐惧不已,但是火山的力量和龙卷风的力量很难同日而语。这种风的速度每小时可达800公里以上。龙卷风很少迂回前进,但是它在哪里咆哮,哪里就会遭殃。记录在案的最强龙卷风含有一个宽约1.2英里的“漏斗状云”。

关于全球各地龙卷风“吹”出来的咄咄怪事,世上有不少趣闻花絮。譬如,人群以及猫头鹰、乌鸦、狼、鸭子、鹅、幼鹅、猩猩等动物被吹送到数百米之外,却往往毫发无损,闻者对此无不深感惊讶。有惊无险的事情有风拔鸡毛,此外还有独轮车、自行车、三轮车、摩托车、高级轿车、卡车乃至包括火车头、守车在内的一整列货车被风吹走。

每年会有1000多场龙卷风袭扰美国中西部所谓的“龙卷风走廊”,抛出铁锨、镰刀、汽车底盘等各种“致命武器”。堪萨斯和俄克拉何马这两个州一直最易受到龙卷风侵袭。全美规模最大、最具灾难性、被称之为“三州火龙卷”的龙卷风1925年3月18日来袭,长驱直入354公里,途中致死689人。

加拿大、墨西哥、英国、意大利、中国、菲律宾、澳大利亚、日本、新西兰、印度等国饱受龙卷风之苦。2010年8月,由于干旱,山火在巴西多地燃烧,而圣保罗一处火点突然刮起了一股龙卷风,遂形成了高达数米的火焰龙卷风奇观。专家称,如果龙卷风逼近,最安全的避风处是像水泥建筑物之地下室那样的某个地下空间。

本文划线词读音(本篇英语短文共有30个划线的难读词。在对这些词标注读音时不采用屈折词形式,换言之,此处只按序列出名词之单数形式以及动词原形。)

    【误】 【正】

(1)Oceanica['əuʃənikə][,əuʃi'ænikə]

(不要贸然根据ocean之读音['əuʃən]去推理Oceanica之读音)

(2)albeit ['ælbeit] [ɔː'biːit]

(3)volcanic [vɔl'keinik] [vɔl'kælnik]

(4)comparable [kəm'pεərəbl] ['kɔmpərəbl]

(作为compare[kəm'pεə]的同源词,comparable的读音很难以compare的读音为蓝本从中推导出来)

(5)velocity [vi'ləusiti] [vi'lɔsiti]

(6)kilo ['kiləu] ['kiːləu]

(kilometer['kilə,miːtə]中的字母i发短音[i],但kilometer的缩略形式kilo中的字母i须发长音[iː])

(7)wind[wind][waind]

(本文中的wind是表示“使曲折前进”的动词,故应念作[waind])

(8)record [ri'kɔːd] ['rekɔːd]

(9)approximately [ə'prɔksimeitli] [ə'prɔksimitli]

(10)owl [əul] [aul]

(11)crow [krau] [krəu]

(12)wolf [wɔlf] [wulf]

(13)gosling ['gɔsliŋ] ['gɔzliŋ]

(“鹅”的单复数是goose['guːs]和geese['giːs],两者中的字母s均念清辅音[s],但表示“小鹅”的gosling中的字母s则须读作浊辅音[z])

(14)orangoutang [ɔː,ræŋau'tæŋ] [ɔː,ræŋuː'tæŋ]

(15)surprisedly [sə'praizdli] [sə'praizidli]

(surprise的过去式和过去分词都是surprised,统一读作[sə'praizd],字母e是不发音的。可是,在表示“惊奇地;诧异地”的副词surprisedly中,这个字母e却出人意料地“开口发声”读作[i]了。)

(16)casualty ['kæʃuəlti] ['kæʒuəlti]

(17)chicken ['tʃikən] ['tʃikin]

(18)monocycle ['mɔnəsikl] ['mɔnəsaikl]

(19)tricycle ['traisaikl] ['traisikl]

(20)motorcycle ['məutəsikl] ['məutəsaikl]

(21)limousine ['liməusain] ['limuziːn]

(此词中的字母s宜念浊辅音[z],倒数第三个字母i应读长音[iː])

(22)caboose ['kæbuːs] [kə'buːs]

(23)lethal ['leθəl] ['liːθəl]

(此词中的字母e宜念长音[iː])

(24)chassis['tʃæsis]['ʃæsi]

(chassis是一个单复数同形不同音的词,单数念['ʃæsi],复数念['ʃæsiz]。本文中的chassis像它前面的spades、sickles一样是复数形式,故应念['ʃæsiz]。)

(25)Kansas['kænsəz]['kænzəs]

(请读者自行对照Kansas和下一篇文章Offto Seethe World中的第37个划线词Arkansas这两者的读音)

(26)catastrophic[kə'tæstrəfik][,kætə'strɔfik]

(切勿根据名词catastrophe之读音[kə'tæstrəfi]去想当然地念形容词catastrophic)

(27)Philippines[,fili'piːns]['filipiːnz]

(念这一国名时请注意两点:第一,重音在词首;第二,其尾音是浊辅音)

(28)Sãn Paulo ['sæn'pɔːləu] ['sauŋ'paulu]

(29)rendezvous ['rendizvəs] ['rɔndivuː]

(此词中不发音的字母有两个,即z和s,第二个位置上的字母e须念[ɔ])

(30)béton['beitən][,be'tː]

3.Off to See the World

Jason Keynes is from southern Australia.His father is a retired colonel.Since his graduation from Cambridge University in 2002,Jason has journeyed over much of the globe,including London,San Jose,Bermuda,Salisbury,San Diego, Santiago,etc.The year 2010 witnessed him come back to the Alma Mater, revisit Big Ben near Thames and reunite with his alums Tony and James working with Reuters after a long separation.When touring Belarus and Uganda,he did not choose to stop inluxurious suites of star-ranking hotels but ordinary hotels. He was most impressed with Eiffel Tower and Yosemite National Park.In the past two years,he,as a music fan,frequented central Europe ranging from Saltsburg,Austria,Warsaw,Poland to Eisenach,Germany.They were respectively the hometowns of musical wunderkind Mozart,Polish composer Chopin and German virtuoso Bach.

It is worth mentioning that the Keynes' had a week-long stopover in Wuppertal,Germany en route from Barcelona to Osaka in June,2014.On the eleventh of the month they were honored to be invited to the Unveiling Ceremony of the Statue of Engels in Wuppertal,the great thinker's birthplace. Also adding color to their transcontinental trek was their long-awaited visit to serene Fürth in the same country,which was the native place of Henry Kissinger,former U.S.Secretary of State.

In the middle of or in the wake of traveling oversea,Jason and his wife loved to share exactly what it was like to tour foreign countries with their relatives and friends in Brisbane,etc.In an e-mail sent to his college classmate in California,U.S.,Keynes said,while he was lost in the wilderness of Edinburgh one day,the local constables rapidly lent him a helping hand and got him out of trouble.In a We Chat sent to his college roommate in Arkansas,U.S., he observed,when sightseeing in Rome and Venice,all his family met a kind, helpful cicerone,who managed to assist them as their baby girl coughed or hiccoughed and generously gave Jason's wife a practical macintosh as it rained cats and dogs all of a sudden in a Venetian attraction onemorning.

启程看世界(中文译文)

贾森·凯恩斯是南澳大利亚人。他的父亲是一名退役上校。自从2002年从剑桥大学毕业以来,贾森先后游历了伦敦、圣何塞、百慕大、索尔兹伯里、圣迭戈、圣地亚哥等世界多个地方。2010年,他复归母校,再度造访泰晤士河畔的大本钟,并且同其供职于路透社的校友托尼和詹姆斯久别重逢。在白俄罗斯、乌干达游览期间,他不选择下榻于星级宾馆的豪华套房,而是选择住在普通旅馆。埃菲尔铁塔和优山美地国家公园给他留下了最深刻的印象。近两年来,作为音乐粉丝的他,经常到访从奥地利萨尔茨堡、波兰华沙到德国爱森纳赫的中欧地区。这三座城市分别是音乐神童莫扎特、波兰作曲家肖邦和德国音乐大师巴赫的故乡。

值得一提的是,凯恩斯全家2014年6月在从巴塞罗那前往大阪途中于德国乌帕塔尔作了为期一周的停留。当月11日,他们荣幸地应邀出席了乌帕塔尔市恩格斯雕像揭幕仪式(该市系这位伟大思想家之出生地)。为他们跨洲长途旅行增光添彩的还有他们期待已久的对美国前国务卿亨利·基辛格的故乡——德国菲尔列市的参访。

在海外旅行期间或在海外旅行之后,贾森及其太太喜欢让布里斯班等地的亲朋好友分享他们在国外旅游的真实感受。在发给其在美国加州的大学同窗的电子邮件中,凯恩斯说,当他某日在爱丁堡的荒野迷路之际,当地警察迅速向其伸出援手,帮他走出困境。在发给其在美国阿肯色州的大学室友的一条微信中,他说,在罗马和威尼斯游览期间,他们全家遇到了一位名叫汤姆的心地善良、助人为乐的导游。无论他们的女娃娃咳嗽还是打嗝,该导游总是想方设法帮助他们,一天早晨威尼斯一个景点突下倾盆大雨,又是他慷慨地把一件实用的雨衣送到了贾森太太的手上。

本文划线词读音(本篇英语短文共有40个划线的难读词,在标注其读音时不采用屈折词形式,换言之,此处只按序列出名词之单数形式以及动词原形。)

    【误】 【正】

(1)Jason['dʒæsən]['dʒeisən]

(这一人名中的字母a发开音节之音[ei]而非闭音节之音[æ])

(2)Keynes['kiːniz]['keinz]

(Keynes中的词素Key之读音与独立单词key之读音[kiː]有着很大的差异)

(3)southern['sauðən]['sʌðən]

(southern之读音并非south之读音[sauθ]与ern之读音[ən]的机械组合)

(4)colonel['kɔlənəl]或[kə'ləunəl] ['kəːnəl]

(关于此词之读音,咱们可以这样来理解,其中处于第三、四个位置上的lo均不发音)

(5)Cambridge['kæmbridʒ]['keimbridʒ]

(注意,camp['kæmp]中的字母a发闭音节之音[æ],而Cambridge中的字母a发开音节之音[ei])

(6)London ['ləndən] ['lʌndən]

(7)San Jose [,sændʒəu'sei] [,sænhəu'zei]

(这一地名中的字母J对应的音标是令人惊讶的[h]而非按常理出牌的[dʒ])

(8)Bermuda[bə'muːdə][bə'mjuːdə]

(若把表示“百慕大”的Bermuda中的mu读作[muː],那就陷入了“译者误念→译者误译→读者念错”的怪圈。实际上,mu所对应的音标是[mjuː]。)

(9)Salisbury['sælisbəri]['sɔːlzbəri]

(这一地名中的Salis不可想当然地读作[sælis])

(10)San Diego [,sæn'diəgəu] [,sændi'eigəu]

(11)Santiago ['sæntiəgəu]或[sæn'tiəgəu] [,sænti'ɑːgəu]

(12)Thames ['tæmz]或['teimz] ['temz]

(作为伦敦的母亲河,Thames中的字母a之发音与tame[teim]中的字母a之发音迥然不同)

(13)Tony['tɔni]['təuni]

(众所周知,Tony之中文译名是托尼,但据笔者观察,Tony这一洋名儿应该读作['təuni]就绝非众所周知之事了。请重点关注此词中的字母o的发音,勿受中文译字“托”的忽悠)

(14)James[dʒæms][dʒeimz]

(请特别留意这一人名中字母a和s的发音)

(15)Reuters['ruːtəz]['rɔitəz]

(这一专有名词里的字母组合eu绝不可凭主观臆测而读作[ruː])

(16)Belarus['belərəs][,belə'ruːs]

(表示“合唱团”的chorus、表示“磷的”的phosphorus和表示“纸草”的papyrus分别读作['kɔːrəs]、['fɔsfərəs]、[pə'paiərəs]。不难看出,这三个单词的最后三个字母rus均念[rəs]。然而,Belarus的最后三个字母rus却必须念[ruːs]。)

(17)Uganda[uː'gændə][juː'gændə]

(Uganda的中文译名是乌干达。“乌”字与原词首字母U相对应,但念Uganda时务必格外注意U的正确发音,以避免重蹈“译者误念→译者误译→读者念错”的覆辙。)

(18)luxurious['lʌkʃərəs][lʌg'zjuəriəs]

(念luxurious时,不要去参考luxury的读音['lʌkʃəri])

(19)suite[sjuːt][swiːt]

(suit和sweet分别读作[sjuːt]和[swiːt],但suite是sweet的同音词)

(20)ordinary ['ɔːdinəri] ['ɔːdnri]

(21)Eiffel ['eifəl] ['aifəl]

(22)Yosemite ['jəuzmait] [jəu'semiti]

(23)frequent ['friːkwənt] [friː'kwent]

(['friːkwənt]是形容词frequent的读法,但它在本文中以动词示人,故应念[friː'kwent])

(24)wunderkind['wʌndəkaind]['vundəkint]

(注意,此词的首字母w和尾字母d所对应的音标分别是[v]和[t])

(25)Mozart[məu'zɑːt]['məutsɑːt]

(注意,此词中的字母z所对应的音标是[ts]而非[z])

(26)Polish['pɔliʃ]['pəuliʃ]

(['pɔliʃ]是兼作动词和名词的polish的读音,而['pəuliʃ]是兼作形容词和名词的Polish的读音)

(27)Chopin['tʃɔpin][ʃəu'pæn]

(chopin意为“旧时妇女所穿的高底鞋”。['tʃɔpin]是普通名词chopin的读音,而[ʃəu'pæn]是专有名词Chopin的读音。)

(28)Kissinger['kisingə]['kisindʒə]

(Kissinger在中国大陆和台湾地区分别被译作基辛格和季辛吉,平心而论,“吉”更接近原文的发音)

(29)Barcelona[bɑːs'ləunə][bɑːsi'ləunə]

(此词正中间的e并非不发音的字母)

(30)enroute[en'ruːt][ɔŋ'ruːt]

(31)Engels['eŋgəlz]['eŋəls]

(Engels即马克思的战友恩格斯,但原词中并无与“格”相同或相近的音)

(32)Bach['bætʃ]['bɑːk]

(34)wilderness ['waildənis] ['wildənis]

(33)Brisbane ['brisbein] ['brizbən]

(wild之读音[waild]在您试图念wilderness的时候非但没有什么参考价值,反而有可能误导您)

(35)Edinburgh['edinbəːf]['edinbərə]

(作为美国宾夕法尼亚州西南部城市、美国钢铁工业中心的Pittsburgh读作['pitsbəːg],其中文译名为匹兹堡。虽然它和Edinburgh都以burgh结尾,但前者中的ur念长音[əː],后者中的ur念短音[ə],前者中的gh念辅音[g],后者中的gh竟然念元音[ə]。)

(36)constable ['kɔnstəbl] ['kʌnstəbl]

(37)Arkansas [ɑː'kænzəs] ['ɑːkənsɔː]

(38)macintosh ['mæsintɔʃ] ['mækintɔʃ]

(macintosh的另一拼写形式是mackintosh,但两者的读音一模一样,均念['mækintɔʃ]。后者念作['mækintɔʃ]可以理解,前者也可这样念就不可思议了。然而,就读音而言,不理解也得执行!)

(39)hiccough['hikɔf]['hikʌp]

(hiccough的另一书写形式是hiccup,但两者均读作['hikʌp]。如果说hiccup的读音['hikʌp]合情合理,那么hiccough也可读作['hikʌp]就属于匪夷所思之事了。独立单词cough明明念作 [kɔf],含有cough的hiccough却偏偏不读['hikɔf],反而须念风马牛不相及的['hikʌp]。这就是云谲波诡、深不可测的英语!)

(40)cicerone['sisərəun]['tʃitʃərəuni]

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