与茶相关内容的翻译

四、与茶相关内容的翻译

◆ 尤氏用茶盘亲捧茶与贾母，蓉妻捧与众老祖母，然后尤氏又捧与邢夫人，蓉妻又捧与众姊妹。凤姐李纨等只在地下伺候。

茶毕，邢夫人等便起身来侍贾母。贾母吃茶，与老妯娌闲话了两三句，便命看轿。(曹雪芹《红楼梦》第五十三回)

Madam You ceremoniously presented tea to the Lady Dowager while Jia Rong's wife served the other elderly ladies，after which Madam You served Lady Xing's group and Jia Rong's wife the girls．Xifeng and Li Wan stood by all this time in attendance．

After sipping some tea，Lady Xing and the rest rose to wait upon the Lady Dowager，and after a few words to the other old ladies she asked for her sedanchair．(杨宪益、戴乃迭译)

◆ 妙玉笑道：“你虽吃的了，也没这些茶糟蹋。岂不闻‘一杯为品，二杯即是解渴的蠢物，三杯便是饮牛饮驴了’。你吃这一海便成什么?”说的宝钗、黛玉、宝玉都笑了。妙玉执壶，只向海内斟了约有一杯。宝玉细吃了，果觉轻浮无比，赏赞不绝。(曹雪芹《红楼梦》第四十一回)

“Even if you can，I've not so much tea to waste on you．Have you never heard the saying：‘First cup to taste，second to quench a fool's thirst，third to water an ox or donkey’?What would you be if you swallowed such an amount?”

As the three others laughed，Miaoyu picked up the pot and poured the equivalent of one small cup into the goblet．Baoyu tasted it carefully and could not praise its bland purity enough．(杨宪益、戴乃迭译)

【注】“一杯为品，二杯即是解渴的蠢物，三杯便是饮牛饮驴了”：《茶疏·饮啜》“一壶之茶，只堪再巡。初巡鲜美，再则甘醇，三巡意欲尽矣。余尝与冯开之戏论茶候，以初巡为婷婷袅袅十三余，再巡为碧玉破瓜年，三巡以来，绿叶成荫矣。开之大以为然。所以茶注欲小，小则再巡已终。宁使余芳剩馥，尚留叶中，犹堪饭后供啜漱之用，未遂弃之可也。若巨器屡巡，满中泻饮，待停少温，或求浓苦，何异农匠作劳，但需涓滴，何论品尝，何知风味乎?”(张俊等，1987：662)

◆ 宝玉便走过山石之后去站着撩衣，麝月秋纹皆站住背过脸去，口内笑说：“蹲下再解小衣，仔细风吹了肚子。”后面两个小丫头知是小解，忙先去茶房预备去了。(曹雪芹《红楼梦》第五十四回)

Then Baoyu，stepping behind some rocks，lifted his gown．Sheyue and Qiuwen had stopped and averted their faces．“Don't undo your pants till you've squatted down，”they cried，“or you may catch a chill on your stomach．”When the two younger maids behind knew what he was up to，they hurried to the room where tea was made to get hot water．(杨宪益、戴乃迭译)

◆ 黛玉笑道：“你知道我这病，大夫不许我多吃茶，这半钟尽够了，难为你想的到。”说毕，饮干，将杯放下。(曹雪芹《红楼梦》第六十二回)

But Daiyu said，“You know the doctor won't let me drink too much tea on account of my illness，so this half cup is plenty．Thank you for bringing it．”(杨宪益、戴乃迭译)

◆ 宝玉笑道：“有没有也不管你，你只叫住他倒碗茶来我吃，就丢开手。”秦钟笑道：“这又奇了，你叫他倒，还怕他不倒?何必要我说呢。”宝玉道：“我叫他倒的是无情意的，不及你叫他倒的是有情意的。”秦钟只得说道：“能儿，倒碗茶来给我。”(曹雪芹《红楼梦》第十五回)

“Well，never mind．Tell her to pour me some tea and I'll let you off．”

“Don't be ridiculous．Could she refuse if you ask her yourself?Why should I ask for you?”

“For you she would do it for love，but not for me．”

Then Qin Zhong said，“Bring me some tea，Zhineng，will you?”(杨宪益、戴乃迭译)

【注】这里写宝玉、秦钟到馒头庵，宝玉要秦钟让智能倒茶，虽有调笑之意，却是以茶论婚风俗的表现。(胡文彬，2005：514)

◆ 当下和尚工课已完，奠过晚茶，贾珍便命贾蓉请凤姐歇息。(曹雪芹《红楼梦》第十五回)

As soon as the monks had completed their devotions and the evening offerings of tea had been made，Jia Zhen sent Jia Rong to urge Xifeng to rest．(杨宪益、戴乃迭译)

【注】“奠”：用祭品向死者致祭。佛家称在佛前祖前灵前供茶为“奠茶”。葬式据棺于龛堂后，又进行奠茶奠汤的佛事，一日两次，午前先汤后茶，午后先茶后汤。奠晚茶，指的是午后的那次奠茶仪式。(张俊等，1987：249)

◆ 一局输赢料不真，香消茶尽尚逡巡。欲知目下兴衰兆，须问旁观冷眼人。(曹雪芹《红楼梦》第二回回前诗)

A verse says：

Who can guess the outcome of a game of chess?

Incense burned out，tea drunk——it's still in doubt．

To interpret the signs of prosperity or decline

An impartial onlooker must be sought out．(杨宪益、戴乃迭译)

【注】这里作者以茶暗示世家大族的贾府不配有更好的命运，“茶尽”和“香消”犹同“运终数尽”。

◆ 众人七手八脚，将他抬了出来，贡院前一个茶棚子里坐下，劝他吃了一碗茶。(吴敬梓《儒林外史》第三回)

Then all the others lent a hand to carry him out and set him down in a teahouse in front of the examination school．They urged him to drink a bowl of tea．(杨宪益、戴乃迭译)

◆ 五更鼓出来拜堂，听见说有婆婆就惹了一肚气。出来使性掼气磕了几个头，也没有茶，也没有鞋。拜毕就往房里去了。丫头一会出来要雨水煨茶与太太嗑;一会出来叫拿炭烧着了进去与太太添着烧速香;一会出来到厨下叫厨子蒸点心、做汤，拿进房来与太太吃。(吴敬梓《儒林外史》第二十七回)

At the fifth watch，when it was time for the bride to pay her respects to her husband's ancestors，she was furious to learn that she had a mother-in-law．She kowtowed sullenly a few times，without offering tea or shoes，then went straight back to her room．Her maids kept coming out to demand rain-water for their mistress's tea and charcoal for her incense，or to ask the cook to make dumplings or soup for her．(杨宪益、戴乃迭译)

◆ 杜慎卿不能推辞，只得坐下。季恬逸见他不吃大荤，点了一卖板鸭、一卖鱼、一卖猪肚、一卖杂脍，拿上酒来。吃了两杯酒，众人奉他吃菜。杜慎卿勉强吃了一块板鸭，登时就呕吐起来。众人不好意思。因天气尚早，不大用酒，搬上饭来。杜慎卿拿茶来泡了一碗饭，吃了一会吃不完，递与那小小子拿下去吃了。(吴敬梓《儒林外史》第二十九回)

Knowing that he did not like pork，Chi Tien-yi ordered duck，fish，tripe，minced meat and wine．After two cups of wine，they urged Tu to eat，and he forced himself to swallow a mouthful of duck，but brought it up again immediately，to the great embarrassment of all．Because it was still early they did not drink much，but had the rice brought in．Tu steeped a bowl of rice in tea and made an effort to eat;but he could not finish it，and gave what was left to his boy．(杨宪益、戴乃迭译)

◆ 于老者道：“恰好烹了一壶现成茶，请用杯!”斟了送过来。荆元接了坐着吃，道：“这茶，色、香、味都好。老爹，却是那里取来的这样好水?”于老者道：“我们城西不比你城南，到处井泉，都是吃得的。”(吴敬梓《儒林外史》第五十五回)

“I've just made a pot of tea．Please have a cup．”

He poured out a cup and passed it to Ching，who sat down．

“This tea looks，smells and tastes delicious，uncle，”said Ching．“Where do you get such good water?”

“We're better off than you folk in the south city．We can drink from all thewells here in the west．”(杨宪益、戴乃迭译)

附

潮汕地区最高的山峰是凤凰山，山上有天池，是上万年前火山爆发后形成的。凤凰山不仅以风光秀丽著称，还有许多人文景观让游人流连忘返。凤凰山还是畲族(主要分布在福建、浙江、江西、广东和安徽)的发源地之一，凤凰茶更是闻名遐迩。

在凤凰境内，200年树龄以上的老茶树就有3 000多株，这在国内甚至世界范围内都是绝无仅有的。更让人叫绝的是在它的主峰乌岽顶，有一棵900多年的老茶树，这就是有名的宋茶树。

凤凰山宋茶树何时成为专供皇帝享用的“贡茶”?说法不一，有的说始于宋代，有的说始于明代，笔者认为最迟应该是在宋末元初。因为早在明代弘治年间，这片生长贡茶(也就是那棵宋茶树)的山地已被命名为“待诏山”，用这棵宋茶树采摘的茶叶焙制出来的贡茶，自然就叫“待诏茶”。皇帝老儿和他手下的那些官员，不会平白无故地就给一片山和一种茶叶冠以“待诏”二字的。

由于“待诏茶”专供远在京城的皇帝及其后妃和皇子皇孙享用，百姓和一般官员不得染指，这棵宋茶树就被蒙上了一层神秘色彩。比如说茶树长在悬崖陡壁之上，人无法上去采摘，凤凰山顶太平寺的僧人就训练一只灵猴，专门负责采摘。日子久了，负责监管的官员甚至不准任何人靠近茶树，采茶季节到了就放出灵猴，灵猴脖子上挂个官府发的特制茶篓，灵猴采茶时极其灵活和有经验，什么茶叶可以摘，什么茶叶不可以摘，灵猴分得清清楚楚，比人还管用。碰到特别好的茶叶，灵猴还会放到鼻上闻闻嗅嗅，有时还忍不住含进嘴里尝尝。据说灵猴尝过的茶的味道更加独特芬芳，是难得的极品。

还有传说称，昔年朝廷在凤凰山上设置有“品级”的专职官员，他别的事不干，只看守这棵老茶树。越说越离奇，甚至说到新中国成立后，政府还派一个排的兵力来驻守……

20世纪70年代初，笔者曾为此事的真实性问过一位外贸局干部，他长期在凤凰山从事外贸工作。他说凤凰山确有驻军，但和宋茶树完全没有关系。不过，他也说，外贸部门在凤凰山有常驻人员却是事实，主要任务就是收购茶供出口。当时，我国能够出口换外汇的，除了抽纱刺绣一类的手工艺术品外，就只有土特产了。他说，他在凤凰山工作到快退休才回汕头，没敢尝过一杯“待诏茶”，因为弄不好会丢饭碗的!它实在太稀罕，产量太少了。虽然这丛茶常年可摘二斤多，论单丛产量已不算少，但再丰收也多不到哪里去，因为只有这一棵!

改革开放以后，百姓也吃得起“待诏茶”了。技术人员已对它进行嫁接，将老茶树的茶枝牵引到地上，等它成活后再分离母体。当然，一般人仍难吃到正宗的宋茶。物以稀为贵，一斤卖到万元以上，而且逐年攀升。

“待诏茶”有名，并非因为有许多神秘色彩，而是味道确实极佳。凤凰山山好水好，它长在终年云雾缭绕的乌岽顶。那位外贸局干部说，他在凤凰山时，一年能看到日头的时间不会超过三个月。春夏二季，衣服休想晒干，只有放到火上烤。俗话说好山好水出好茶，凤凰山茶得天池水滋润，茶叶一条条好像蚕一样大小，生茶条索紧结，色泽黑褐，有油光，香气高锐，富有刺激性，冷嗅有余香。再经过严格挑选，精工焙制，滋味醇厚鲜爽，山韵味浓且持久，回甘力强又耐泡。

凤凰山“待诏茶”在新中国成前一直是凤凰山太平寺的资产，新中国成立后，一段时间划归农场管理，现在已由专人承包。当你登上凤凰山，畅游了天池，欣赏了南海日出，何妨再上乌岽顶(待诏山)，一边观宋茶，一边品佳茗。这样，景也看了，茶也喝了，可以心满意足地下山去了。

(千年宋茶说“待诏”，卢继定作，原载《羊城晚报》2007年4月2日B5版)