汉朝是中国历史上一个十分重要的朝代，构成中华民族主体的汉族也是在这时正式形成的。汉王朝是当时世界上最强盛的国家之一，对中国历史上以后各朝代的发展有着深远的影响，所以今天世界上许多国家把“汉”作为中国人或中国文化的代称。
汉代在冶铁、纺织、制陶、造纸等手工业的规模和技巧上都超过了前代。当时冶铁规模很大。这是从汉代画像石上拓下来的冶铁图照片，形象地展示了东汉冶铁作坊中的操作情形。
汉代陶器有画彩和色釉两种。这是彩陶鼎、方壶和熏炉。这是釉陶壶。汉代彩釉主要有绿色和黄色两种。
这个展室最为珍贵的展品是1957年在西安灞桥一座西汉墓中出土的西汉纸。以前普遍认为纸是公元105年蔡伦发明的，而这些纸的年代不晚于公元前118年，因此灞桥纸的发现将我国造纸的时间向前推进了近200年。
The Han Dynasty constitutes a very important episode in Chinese history.The Han nationality took shape during this historical period.The Han was one of the most powerful empires in the world at that time.It exerted a far－reach－ing influence on the development of succeed－ing dynasties in Chinese history.That is why“Han”is often referred to as a synonym for the Chinese people and civilization in the world today.
The Han Dynasty outstripped the previous dynasties both in scale and skill in the fields of metallurgy，textile，pottery－manufacture and paper－making.Metallurgy was conducted on a large scale. This stone－relief rubbing vividly depicts the operations in an iron smelting workshop in the Eastern Han Dynasty.
The Han pottery includes two principal types：painted and glazed.There are painted pottery tripods，square pots and incense bur－ners.Here is a glazed pot.Green and yellow colors were commonly used at that time.
One of the most valuable artifacts on display in this exhibition hall is a kind of paper from the West ern Han Dynasty.It was disco－vered in a tomb at Baqiao，Xi'an，in 1957.It is believed that paper was invented by Cai Lun，in 105 AD.However，this sort of paper may date back to 118 BC or even earlier.Therefore，the discovery of the Baqiao pa per indicates that paper－making started in China at least 200 years earlier than generally believed.
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