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组织工程皮肤的包装和运输

时间:2022-04-08 理论教育 版权反馈
【摘要】:含活细胞的组织工程皮肤的包装、运输与其制备、保存方法息息相关。双层组织工程皮肤的制备装置应简单而价廉,一次性使用。从研究已经商品化的Dermagraft、Apligraf等产品,我们可以得出组织工程皮肤产品制备、保存、包装的一体化技术过程,即皮肤在特定装置中制备,成熟后将装置中的培养基更换成保存液,将装置完整封入包装袋,符合方便经济的运输要求条件下保存备用。

含活细胞的组织工程皮肤的包装、运输与其制备、保存方法息息相关。对于双层组织工程皮肤,制备过程中重要的一环是气液界面培养,这一步骤可促进表皮的分层生长和角化成熟。制备装置应能在不搬动皮肤的情况下既可进行浸没培养,又可进行气液界面培养。同时,为解决气液界面培养时中心部分的营养问题,其底部应能完全接触培养液。Dermagraft采用生物反应器制备,但它只是真皮替代物,没有制备过程中的条件改变(气液界面培养)。OrCel也没有采用气液界面培养,表皮没有角质层,减弱了其屏障作用。双层组织工程皮肤的制备装置应简单而价廉,一次性使用。生物反应器只能在一定程度上模拟在体的生理环境,一定程度上改善组织工程产品的机械张力和细胞构成,使组织工程产品更接近要替代的活体组织器官,并在组织工程骨、软骨、肝、胰腺、血管、瓣膜、膀胱、小肠等的研究中广泛应用。而皮肤是直接接触大气的组织器官,不需要封闭的环境,因而复杂、昂贵的生物反应器并不适宜于双层组织工程皮肤,至少不是必需的。从研究已经商品化的Dermagraft、Apligraf等产品,我们可以得出组织工程皮肤产品制备、保存、包装的一体化技术过程,即皮肤在特定装置中制备,成熟后将装置中的培养基更换成保存液,将装置完整封入包装袋,符合方便经济的运输要求条件下保存备用。一体化技术的初衷是使组织工程皮肤技术更符合应用实践,保证从生产到使用前没有机械外力搬动组织工程皮肤所造成的人为破坏,保证其结构和外观的完美性。同时,由于避免了直接搬动皮肤的中间步骤,也降低了污染的风险。这一原则,尤其是在胶原凝胶类等比较脆弱的组织工程皮肤上,应当遵循。

保存技术与运输的难易程度和方便性相关。液氮保存使运输变得复杂。Apligraf采用防胶原凝胶面积缩小装置、皮肤培养装置、保存装置、运输装置于一体。保存运输时,将培养基换成基于琼脂糖的凝胶类营养培养基,将该装置直接封入高规格聚乙烯袋中,并充10%CO2。20~23℃保存。轮船、航空运输到使用者手中。Dermagraft是将Fb植入固定在EVA袋中的5.12cm×7.68cm的聚乳酸膜上,旋转袋子以提高细胞种植的均匀性,然后添加含小牛血清、谷氨酰胺、维生素C和非必需氨基酸的DMEM培养基进行培养,并定期更换培养基。组织成熟后,吸尽原有培养基,更换为含10%二甲亚砜、10%胎牛血清的生理盐水保存液。(-70±10)℃持续冻存,干冰运输到使用医院。

含活细胞的组织工程皮肤产品包装要求透明,至少应能从内包装直接透视产品的全貌,因为产品的外观也是判断其品质的一个方面,购买者不可能为外观已经变质的产品承担费用。

(刘官智 朱堂友)

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