首页 百科知识 财经报道译文的词汇特征及翻译要点

财经报道译文的词汇特征及翻译要点

时间:2022-07-18 百科知识 版权反馈
【摘要】:英文财经报道具其特有的语言特点,如:具体——报道旨在传递经济信息,帮助读者正确理解新闻内容;精确——报道需要准确描写新闻事实,以提高新闻的可信读;简练——财经报道大多属于硬新闻,时效性强,简明扼要,直截了当。经合组织说,这一指数表明这个世界最大的经济体增长稳定。

英文财经报道具其特有的语言特点,如:具体——报道旨在传递经济信息,帮助读者正确理解新闻内容;精确——报道需要准确描写新闻事实,以提高新闻的可信读;简练——财经报道大多属于硬新闻,时效性强,简明扼要,直截了当。针对此类语言特点,译者在翻译时需要采用一些特有的方法和技巧。

美国翻译理论家尤金·奈达(Eugene Nida)曾说过:“Translating is far more than a science.It is also a skill,and at the ultimate analysis,fully satisfactory translation is always an art.”(翻译远不止是一种科学,它还是一种技巧,而且说到底,完美的翻译永远是一种艺术。)(Nida Eugen A.&Taber C:132)英文财经报道具有其独特的语言应用规律和特征,要将其在财经报道的中译文中准确、恰当地予以翻译,则更是一门高超的艺术了。

1.财经报道中专业术语与习语的翻译

“在财经报道中,往往充斥着大量的财经类专业术语,即使是专业人士,不借助参考书籍和资料也无法准确翻译其全部。此时就需要译者根据专业术语的不同类型分而治之。如有些专业术语的使用非常频繁,对于有一定文化知识的读者来说并非陌生,对于这些常用专业术语,对于这类词汇,就需要译者掌握其确切原文,予以准确回译。”(黄樱,2013:34—37)

下文以2012年11月15日《参考消息》刊登的一篇财经新闻为例予以分析:

经合组织报告称

美中经济企稳 法德前景恶化

【加拿大《环球邮报》网站11月12日报道】经合组织今天说,主要经济体的经济前景仍然欠佳,尽管有越来越多的迹象表明加拿大、中国和美国的经济出现了企稳。

OECD sees China,U.S.outlook stabilizing,Europe still hobbled(注:http://www.theglobeandmail.com.OECD sees China,U.S.outlook stabilizing,Europe still hobble,2012/11/12)

The economic outlook remains poor for major economies though there are growing signs of stabilization in Canada,China and the United States,the OECD said on Monday.

经合组织在最新的全球经济月报中说,34个成员国9月份的综合领先指数(CLI)连续第三个月稳定在100.2。

In its latest monthly report on the global economy,the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development said its composite leading indicator(CLI)for the 33nation OECD held steady in September at 100.2for the third month in a row.

美国的指数从今年8月的100.8略升至100.9。经合组织说,这一指数表明这个世界最大的经济体增长稳定。

The reading for the United States rose marginally to 100.9from 100.8in August,which the OECD said was indicative of growth stabilizing in the world’s biggest economy.

中国的指数连续第四个月稳定在99.4,加拿大的指数则维持在99.7。

China’s reading was steady at 99.4for the fourth month in a row while Canada’s was also unchanged at 99.7.

然而在欧元区,德国的经济前景恶化其指数从今年8月的99.0下滑至9月的98.7。与此同时,法国的指数从99.6下滑至99.5。

However,in the euro zone,Germany’s outlook deteriorated with its reading slipping to 98.7in September from 99.0in August.France,meanwhile,saw its reading slip to 99.5from 99.6.

经合组织说:“与综合领先指数表明前景恶化的最近几个月相比,暂时性企稳迹象也在意大利出现。”意大利的指数从今年8月的98.9升至99.0。

“Compared to recent months where the CLI has pointed to a deteriorating outlook,tentative signs of stabilization are also emerging in Italy,”the OECD said.Italy’s reading rose to 99.0from 98.9.

虽然整个欧元区9月份的指数稳定在99.4,不过这一水平仍表明增长前景疲软。

指数在100表示的是各国经济前景的长期均值。

The OECD’s reading for the euro zone as whole was stable in September at 99.4,but that the level still indicated a weak growth outlook.

A reading of 100reflects the long-term average for each country.

该例英文报道中所出现的OECD(the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development)经合组织,CLI(composite leading indicator)综合领先指数均为财经领域常用的名词,因此译者在翻译时要予以准确的中译名,以免误译。

再以2012年7月15日《参考消息》登载的一则股市新闻为例:

中国增速达预期

全球股市齐上涨

【英国《独立报》网站7月13日报道】题:中国增长放缓符合预期,全球股市上扬

Global stocks up as China growth slows as expected(注:http://www.independent.co.uk.Global stocks up as China growth slows as expected,2012/7/13)

在中国公布其第二季度经济增长降至2009年以来最低点,增速符合分析人士的预期以后,全球股市今天上扬。

Global stock markets were higher Friday after China said its economy grew in the second quarter at its slowest-pace since 2009,numbers in line with analyst expectations.在欧洲的早间交易中,英国富时100指数上扬0.4%,升至5633.02。法国的CAC40指数上扬0.2%,涨至3140.46,德国的DAX指数上升0.5%,涨至6449.15。

In early trading in Europe,Britain’s FTSE 100was up 0.4per cent at 5,633.02.France’s CAC40gained 0.2per cent to 3,140.46,while Germany’s DAX advanced 0.5per cent to 6,449.15.

4至6月,中国的国内生产总值(GDP)比去年同期增长7.6%,低于第一季度的8.1%。中国还报告说,6月份的零售和工厂产出的增速也有所减缓。

China’s gross domestic product expanded 7.6per cent in the April to June period from the same period a year earlier,down from 8.1per cent growth in the first quarter.China also reported that retail sales and factory output growth slowed in June.

由于人们猜测,中国的增速可能达不到普遍预测的7.6%,因此前几天亚洲股市大多出现下跌。一些分析人士称,预期的降息和政府的财政刺激性支出应该能促进今年下半年的贷款、投资和更快的经济增长。

Equities in Asia had mostly fallen the previous few days amid speculation that China’s growth may have slowed more than the consensus 7.6per cent forecast.Some analysts say expected interest rate cuts and fiscal stimulus spending by China should spur lending,investment and stronger economic growth in the second half of the year.

凯投国际宏观经济咨询公司首席亚洲经济师马克威廉斯说:“这一切都应该有利于今后几个季度GDP的增长。未来几个月加强贷款力度的主要作用将在2013年感受到。”他估计今年和明年中国经济将增长8%。

“All this should be positive for GDP growth in the next few quarters,”said Mark Williams,chief Asian economist with Capital Economics.“Much of the impact of stronger lending over the next few months will be felt in 2013.”

Williams said he expects China’s economy to grow 8per cent this year and next.

日本的日经225指数上升0.1%,达到8724.11,中国的香港恒生指数上升0.4%,达到19094.40。

Japan’s Nikkei 225index was up 0.1per cent to 8,724.11while Hong Kong’s Hang Seng rose 0.4per cent at 19,094.40.

韩国Kosp i指数上升1.5%,达到1812.89。澳大利亚S&P/ASX 200指数上升0.4%,达到4082.20,中国上证综指稳定在2185.90点。

South Korea’s Kospi gained 1.5per cent to 1,812.89.Australia’s S&P/ASX 200advanced 0.4per cent to 4,082.20and China’s Shanghai Composite was steady at 2,185.90.

其他分析师认为,由于消费需求无法跟上工业产能,中国的经济增速将继续减缓。马里兰大学史密斯商学院教授阿尼尔古普塔说,今后5到10年,中国的GDP年增速可能约为6%。

Other analysts expect Chinese growth to continue to slow as consumer demand fails to keep up with industrial production capacity.China’s GDP will likely average about 6per cent growth a year during the next five to 10years,said Anil Gupta,a professor at the Smith School of Business at the University of Maryland.

古普塔说:“中国GDP增速8%的时代已经结束。混凝土、钢铁和汽车等许多行业产能过剩严重。”

“The days of 8per cent GDP growth in China are over,”said Gupta,who is a visiting professor at the INSEAD business school in Singapore.“There is massive overcapacity in a lot of industries such as cement,steel and autos because the government kept providing cheap capital and everybody assumed that the 8plus per cent growth rate will go on forever.”

On Thursday,the Dow Jones industrial average closed down 0.3per cent at 12,573.27.The Standard&Poor’s 500fell 0.5per cent at 1,334.76.The Nasdaq composite was down 0.8per cent at 2,866.19.

Benchmark oil for August delivery was up 35cents at$86.43a barrel in electronic trading on the New York Mercantile Exchange.Crude rose 27cents to settle at$86.08on Thursday in New York.

In currencies,the euro was little changed at$1.2199from$1.2195late Thursday in New York.The dollar was steady at 79.27yen from 79.31yen.

文中出现了相当多的股市指数名称,这些均为全球主要股市指数,具有相当的知名度和影响力,有些只需直译其缩写即可,如France’s CAC40,法国的CAC40指数,Germany’s DAX德国的DAX指数,Australia’s S&P/ASX 200澳大利亚S&P/ASX 200指数,而有些指数在中文里已经有约定俗成的译名,因此译者在翻译时需要予以准确回译,以免贻笑大方,如Nikkei 225index日经225指数,Hong Kong’s Hang Seng香港恒生指数,Shanghai Composite上证综指。

2.财经动态报道中的动词处理

在财经动态的报道中,需要使用大量的动词来描述经济发展势头、股市涨跌情况等等。此类报道客观可信,不掺杂个人意见,在动词的使用方面则往往简短有力、生动形象。在描述财经动态变化时,记者往往用对比性动词来表示上升或下降,此时译者亦宜采用相应的中文表达进行描述,如下表所示:

表4-5 财经报道中常用的对比性动词

表示“上升”的动词表示“下降”的动词rise上升fall下降jump跳升drop下落skyrocket爆涨dump狂泻surge急涨plunge猛跌soar剧增retreat回落climb攀升dive下跌spurt突升tumble急落advance上涨decline下降inch up缓升slip下滑notch up升高shed跌落fly飞升dip下降rebound反弹roll back回落gain增长lose降低(黄樱,2013:34—37)在上文所举示例中,出现了大量表示经济动态、股市涨跌的动词,在英文报道中,这些描述财经动态时常用动词的使用往往会避免重复,使得枯燥的经济信息具有可读性、趣味性,这就需要译者掌握丰富的词汇,在译文中也尽量使用不同的表达。如第一篇报道其英文标题中出现的Europe still hobbled,hobble一词原意为“蹒跚”,译文为“法德前景恶化”,应该说更为适应其中文语境。文中所出现的rose marginally,需要贴切地译为“略升”;表达“稳定”的词分别有stabilizing,stead,unchanged,中译文分别表达为“稳定”、“稳定”、“维持”,惜乎未能完全体现出原文用词的多样化。第二篇报道原文中有这么一句话:In early trading in Europe,Britain’s FTSE 100was up 0.4per cent at 5,633.02.France’s CAC40gained 0.2per cent to 3,140.46,while Germany’s DAX advanced 0.5per cent to 6,449.15.原文作者分别使用了was up,gained,advanced来表达股指上升,可谓用心良苦。译者将之译为:在欧洲的早间交易中,英国富时100指数上扬0.4%,升至5633.02。法国的CAC40指数上扬0.2%,涨至3140.46,德国的DAX指数上升0.5%,涨至6449.15。译者在翻译过程中应该是意识到了原文动词使用的多样化,并试图在中译文中予以体现,将其分别译为“上扬”、“上扬”、“上升”,一定程度有所区别,但仍未能充分体现原文的用词精妙之处。

此外,在描述财经动态时,应考虑到大多数读者并非专业人士,过于专业或枯燥的经济信息可能会使其丧失阅读兴趣,此时译者不妨适当使用通俗用语,使财经报道生动有趣、引人入胜。如对于市场收市情况描述可表达为:...end high高价收盘/low低价收盘/down收市价格下跌/steady收市价格持稳/firm收市价位稳定/soft收市价位偏弱/quite交易不活跃/mixed价格走势不明朗。(黄樱,2013:34—37)

3.经济数据的翻译与处理

财经报道经常涉及各类经济数据、市场价格及其他有关的统计数字,这些数据之间的比较或参照是财经报道的重要组成部分。因此,比较结构在英文财经报道的句型中占有很大的比例,译者应对此类用法予以注意:

1)以more/less/higher/lower/narrower/smaller等连接的不对等比较:

The stock is up more than 1%and earlier today hit a fresh record at$644.13.(该股票涨幅达到1%以上,今天早些时候股价创下新高,达到644.13美元。)

The market edged lower on Monday,with the FTSE 100closing down 28points,or 0.48%,at 5824.37.(周一市场低走,富时100指数收市下降28点,降幅0.48%,报收5824.37点。)

2)以highest/record high/lowest/new low等连接的最高级比较:

September-delivery crude oil rose$1.27,or 1.4%,to settle at$95.60a barrel on the New York Mercantile Exchange,the highest price since May 11.(纽约商品交易所九月合约石油期货上涨1.27美元,涨幅1.4%,报收每桶95.60美元,为5月11日以来的最高价。)

Facebook shares hit a new low on Thursday,falling 6.3%to$19.87as more than 271million shares—or nearly 13%of those outstanding—became eligible for sale.(脸谱股票周四创新低,股价跌至19.87美元,跌幅达6.3%,这是由于占流通股总数近13%的2亿7千1百万股票被抛售套现。)

3)以against/opposite/compare/contrast等连接的数据对比:

The EU’s trade surplus was 400m euros,compared with a 15.3bn-euro deficit a year earlier.(与去年153亿的赤字相比,欧盟的贸易顺差为4亿欧元。)

The euro was at$1.2353,stabilizing after climbing 0.6%overnight against the dollar—the single currency’s first climb in three sessions.(欧元兑美元隔夜汇率上涨0.6个百分点,企稳于1.2353美元——这是欧元汇率三个月来首次上涨。)

(黄樱,2013:34—37)

上述比较结构的适当运用,可对关键的经济运行数据进行有效表达,使读者获得精确的概念,对经济态势变化了然于胸。以下为《参考消息》中的若干实例:

全球银行跨境信贷大幅减少【英国《金融时报》网站6月3日报道】题:跨境贷款大幅减少

Cross-border lending falls sharply (注:http://www.ft.com.Cross-border lending falls sharply,2012/6/3)

2011年第四季度,全球市场的紧张气氛引发了自雷曼兄弟垮台以来最大规模的跨境信贷萎缩,因为对财政崩溃重新燃起的担忧以及欧元区银行承受的去杠杆压力导致它们从海外撤回资金。

Tensions in global markets during the final months of 2011triggered the sharpest slump in foreign lending since the collapse of Lehman Brothers as renewed fears of a financial meltdown and pressure on euro-area banks to deleverage caused them to pull back funds from overseas.

经济学家民意调查显示

美大选期经济增长更悲观

U.S.economic outlook darkens ahead of vote (注:http://www.reuters.com.U.S.economic outlook darkens ahead of vote,2012/6/13)

路透社纽约6月13日电】本社一项经济学家民意调查显示,与仅仅一个月前的调查相比,今年11月美国大选期间,美国的经济增长速度将更加缓慢,经济创造的工作岗位将更少。

(Reuters)-The U.S.elections in November will be contested against the backdrop of an economy growing more slowly and creating fewer jobs than thought only a month ago,a Reuters poll of economists suggests

……..

.在2012年余下的时间里,就业增长预估相对而言没有那么悲观,但与5月份的民调相比,今年第三季度和第四季度的工作岗位月增长数量分别为14.5万个和15.7万个,分别减少约2万个。

Predictions for job creation in the remainder of 2012were less bleak but the monthly average of 145,000and 157,000in the third and fourth quarters were both around 20,000lower than in the May poll.

中国增速达预期

全球股市齐上涨

【英国《独立报》网站7月13日报道】题:中国增长放缓符合预期,全球股市上扬

Global stocks up as China growth slows as expected(注:http://www.independent.co.uk.Global stocks up as China growth slows as expected,2012/7/13)

在中国公布其第二季度经济增长降至2009年以来最低点,增速符合分析人士的预期以后,全球股市今天上扬。

Global stock markets were higher Friday after China said its economy grew in the second quarter at its slowest pace since 2009,numbers in line with analyst expectations.

……

4至6月,中国的国内生产总值(GDP)比去年同期增长7.6%,低于第一季度的8.1%。中国还报告说,6月份的零售和工厂产出的增速也有所减缓。

China’s gross domestic product expanded 7.6per cent in the April to June period from the same period a year earlier,down from 8.1per cent growth in the first quarter.China also reported that retail sales and factory output growth slowed in June.

上述三例分别为关于银行信贷、美国经济、全球股市动态的新闻报道,出现了不少经济数据和统计数字,并且有所参照和比较,如trigger the sharpest slump,against,lower than,at its slowest pace,from the same period a year earlier。译者在翻译的过程中首先要厘清这些数字概念,并且在译文中予以确切的表达,使读者能够获得准确的信息。

免责声明:以上内容源自网络,版权归原作者所有,如有侵犯您的原创版权请告知,我们将尽快删除相关内容。

我要反馈