首页 理论教育 研究框架与内容

研究框架与内容

时间:2022-03-03 理论教育 版权反馈
【摘要】:本书主要研究NCATE认可标准的历史进程,研究的历史时段从20世纪40年代至21世纪初期。本书主要研究以下几个方面的问题:1.四个历史时期教师教育改革的思想纷争,以及相应产生的不同的教师教育模式。这一研究工作主要为解释NCATE认可标准的变化提供理论基础,同时也提供关于不同历史时期美国教师教育发展与改革的背景。重点对NCATE的新标准进行叙述、理论概括、比较研究和评价。

第四节 研究框架与内容

本书主要研究NCATE认可标准的历史进程,研究的历史时段从20世纪40年代至21世纪初期。这一历史过程可划分为四个时期,以NCATE历史上的几次重大改革、新标准的颁布以及新标准的特征作为分期的依据。第一个时期是20世纪40年代至50年代,以NCATE的萌芽、成立和第一套认可标准的颁发为标志,另一个标志是这一时期认可标准的“目标”取向。第二个时期是20世纪60年代至70年代中期,在这期间NCATE进行了自成立以来的首次改革,于1970年推出自己制定的认可标准,这套标准则是“课程”取向的,这些都是重要的分期依据。20世纪70年代末至90年代初,NCATE进行了一次长达六年的改革,NCATE将其称为“重建”期,1987年NCATE颁发了重建后的新标准,“知识基础”取向是这套标准的核心。本书将其划分为第三个时期。第四个时期是20世纪90年代中期以来至今,NCATE在新任主席怀斯(Arthur E.Wise)的领导下再次进行改革,于2000年推出又一套新的“绩效”取向的认可标准。

本书提炼出四个核心概念:目标本位、课程本位、知识基础本位以及绩效本位,以这四个核心概念来分别概括四个时期NCATE认可标准的特征。本书主要研究以下几个方面的问题:

1.四个历史时期教师教育改革的思想纷争,以及相应产生的不同的教师教育模式。这一研究工作主要为解释NCATE认可标准的变化提供理论基础,同时也提供关于不同历史时期美国教师教育发展与改革的背景。

2.NCATE认可标准内容的变化以及变化的原因。

3.NCATE认可标准的理论基础。本书主要从教育评价入手来探讨认可的理论基础。

4.认可标准的发展对教学专业化的意义。本书借鉴专业社会学的理论来阐释NCATE对教学专业化的贡献。

5.通过对NCATE认可标准的讨论来揭示美国教师教育发展的基本特征。

根据这四个时期的划分,本书也相应分为四章。第一章首先分析NCATE成立的背景和原因,简要介绍NCATE的成立情况,重点对NCATE的第一套认可标准进行叙述、解释、理论概括以及评价。最后用专业社会学的“特质”模式分析NCATE对教学专业化的意义。

第二章对当时基础教育改革的背景进行简述,分析科南特和克尔那的教师教育思想,介绍资格能力本位的教师教育模式。以此为背景,重点对NCATE的新标准进行叙述、理论概括,同时对两个历史时期的认可标准进行比较研究,并做出评价。最后用专业社会学的“特质”模式和“权力”模式从“专业教育与课程”角度出发分析NCATE对教学专业化的贡献。

第三章所涉及的是一段教师教育改革呼声高涨的时期,因此本章对几个重要的改革报告进行介绍,同时也对学者所关注的“教师知识”的研究进行综述。本章的重点还是对NCATE的新标准进行叙述、理论概括、比较研究和评价。最后用专业社会学的两种理论模式从“专业的知识基础”出发来分析NCATE对教学专业化所做的努力。

第四章首先讨论了两种不同的教师教育模式,以揭示这一时期多元化的教师教育思想。重点对NCATE的新标准进行叙述、理论概括、比较研究和评价。最后用专业社会学的“特质”模式、“权力”模式和“工作理论”模式从“专业自治”的角度出发来分析NCATE对教学专业化所作出的贡献。

本书的结语部分是一个宏观的分析和总结。

本书结构如图1所示:

img3

图1:对NCATE认可标准的研究框架

【注释】

[1]联合国教科文组织.教育——财富蕴藏其中.北京:教育科学出版社,1996:140.

[2]周钧.美国联邦政府对改革现行教师资格证书制度的政策.教师教育研究,2003,(6).

[3]Lindsey,M.(1974).Accreditation in Teacher Education.(ERIC Document Reproduction Service No.ED084 760).18-20.

[4]Moore,C.A.(1982).Accreditation of Higher Education:The Case of NCATE.(ERIC Document Reproduction Service No.ED226 684).9-20.

[5]Roth,R.A.,Pipho,C.(1990).Teacher Education Standards.In:Houston,W.R.,Haberman,M.& Sikula,J.(eds.),Handbook of Research on Teacher Education.New York:Macmillan.129.

[6]Lucas,C.J.(1997).Teacher Education in America:Reform Agendas for the Twenty-First Century.New York:St.Martin’s Press.196-197.

[7]Spiering,S.F.,Howsam,R.B.(1974).New Developments in Accreditation.In:American Association of Colleges for Teacher Education Yearbook.Washington,D.C.:AACTE.56.

[8]Kunkel,R.C.(1984).Regional and National Voluntary Accreditation:ThePlace and Appropriate Future of National Accreditation.(ERIC Document Reproduction Service No.ED250 309). 1-12.

[9]Gideonse,H.D.(1992).The Redesign of NCATE:1980 to 1986.In:Gideonse,H.D.(ed.).Teacher Education Policy:Narratives,Stories,and Cases.State University of New York Press.245-263.

[10]Wise,A.E.,Leibbrand,J.A.(2001).Standards in the new millennium:where we are,where we’re headed.A statement from NCATE.Journal of Teacher Education,52(3),244-255.

[11]National Council for Accreditation of Teacher Education.(2002).A Decadeof Growth 1991-2001.Washington,D.C.:the author.

[12]Fidelma Spiering,S.& Howsam,R.B.(1974).New Developments in Accreditation.In:American Association of Colleges for Teacher Education Yearbook.55-77.

[13]Christensen,D.(1984).NCATE:The Continuing Quest for Excellence.Action in Teacher Education.6(4),17-22.

[14]Conant,J.B.(1963).The Education of American Teachers.New York:Mcgraw-Hill Book Company,INC.69-70.

[15]Mayor,J.R.(1965).Accreditation in Teacher Education:Its Influence on Higher Education.A report to the National Commission on Accrediting.

[16]Gubser,L.(1980).NCATE’s Director Comments on the Tom Critique.Phi Delta Kappan. October.118.

[17]Watkins,B.(1980).Report Criticizes Teacher-Education Accreditation.The Chronicle of Higher Education.20(Nov.24).6.

[18]Scannel,D.P.(1978).New Developments in NCATE Process.Journal of Teacher Education.29(1).22.

[19]Tom,A.R.(1980).NCATE Standards and Program Quality:You Can’t Get There from Here.Phi Delta Kappan.61(Oct.)115.

[20]Olsen,H.C.(1979).Accreditation of Teacher Education is Alive and Kicking.Action in Teacher Education.1(Spring/Summer).转引自:Moore,C.A.(1982).Accreditation of Higher Education:The Case of NCATE.(ERIC Document Reproduction Service No.ED226 684).17.

[21]Lucas,C.J.(1997).Teacher Education in America:Reform Agendas for the Twenty-First Century.New York:St.Martin’s Press.197-199.

[22]成有信.十国师范教育和教师.北京:人民教育出版社,1990:138-143。

[23]Husen,T.,Postlethewaite,T.N.(eds.).(1994).International Encyclopedia of Education.(2nd ed.)Oxford:Pergamon.Press.24-27.

[24]Lindsey,M.(1974).Accreditation in Teacher Education.(ERIC Document Reproduction Service No.ED084 760.)26-32.

[25]Edelfelt,R.A.,Raths,J.D.(1998).A Brief History of Standardsin Teacher Education.(ERIC Document Reproduction Service No.ED461 627)15-17.

[26]张德锐.师资培育与教育革新研究.中国台北:五南图书出版有限公司,1998:48-62。

[27]Robert V.Bullough,JR.,D.Cecil Clark & Robert S.Patterson.(2003).Getting in Step:accountability,accreditation and the standardization of teacher education in the United States.Journal of Education for Teaching,29(1),35-51.

[28]许明.美国教师教育计划标准概述——美国教师队伍质量保证机制研究之二.课程·教材·教法》,2002,(11)。

[29]洪成文.美国教育学院认证标准及其特点研究.教师教育研究,2004,(3)。

[30]Cruickshank,D.R.,McCullough,J.D.,Reynolds,R.T.,Troyer,M.B. & Jr.Cruz,J.(1991).The Legacy of NCATE:An Analysis of Standards and Criteria for Compliance Since 1957(ERIC Document Reproduction Service No.ED339 686).1-85.

[31]Goodlad,J.(1990).Teachers for our nation’s school.San Francisco:Jossey-Bass.

[32]Edmundson,P.J.(1993).Renewal Agendas and Accreditation Requirements:Contrasts and Correspondence.Journal of Teacher Education.44(3),170-175.

[33]Lucas,Christopher J.(1997).Teacher Education in America:Reform Agendas for the Twenty-First Century.New York:St.Martin’s Press.199-202.

[34]The National Commission on Teaching & America’s Future(NCTAF).(1997).Doing What Matters Most:Investing in Quality Teaching.New York:The National Commission on Teaching & America’s Future.63.

[35]National Education Association of the United States.(1961).1946-1961 Journey to Now. Washington DC:the Author.23-82.

[36]Roth,R.A.(1996).Standards for Certification,Licensure,and Accreditation.In:Sikula,J.(ed.).Handbook of Research on Teacher Education.(2nd ed.).New York:Simon & Schuster Macmillan.242-278.

[37]Darling-Hammond,L.(2000).Teaching for America’s Future:National commissions and vested interests in an almost profession.Education Policy.Jan/Mar 2000.174-177.

[38]Fidelma Spiering,S. & Howsam,R.B.(1974).New Developments in Accreditation.In:American Association of Colleges for Teacher Education Yearbook.56.(ERIC Document Reproduction Service No.EJ 106 667).

[39]The National Commission on Teaching & America’s Future(NCTAF).(1996).What Matters Most:Teaching for America’s Future.New York:The National Commission on Teaching & America’s Future.29.

[40]The National Commission on Teaching & America’s Future(NCTAF).(1997).Doing What Matters Most:Investing in Quality Teaching.New York:The National Commission on Teaching & America’s Future.63.

[41]Wise,A.E.(1999).Moving toward performance-based accreditation systems for the teaching profession.In:Roth,R.A.(ed.).The Role of the University in the Preparation of Teacher.Falmer Press,Philadelphia.151-165.

[42]Wise,A.E.,Leibbrand,J.A.(2001).Standards in the new millennium:where we are,where we’re headed.A statement from NCATE.Journal of Teacher Education,52(3),244-255.

[43]Husen,T.,Postlethewaite,T.N.(eds.).(1994).International Encyclopedia of Education.(2nd ed.)Oxford:Pergamon.Press.5961-5965.

[44]Altenbaugh,R.J. & Underwood,K.(1990).The Evolution of Normal Schools.In: Goodlad,J.I.,Soder,R. & Sirotnic,K.A.(eds.).Places Where Teachers Are Taught.San Francisco:Jossey-Bass Publishers.158-160.

[45]“中华民国”师范教育学会.教学专业与师资培育.中国台北:师大书苑公司,1997:38-39。

[46]Koerner,J.D.(1963).The Miseducation of American Teachers.Boston:Houghton Mifflin Company.229-233.

[47]Conant,J.B.(1963).The Education of American Teachers.New York:Mcgraw-Hill Book Company,INC.70.

[48]Clark,D.L. & Marker,G.(1975).The Institutionalization of Teacher Education.In: Ryan,K.(ed.).Teacher Education:The Seventy-fourth Yearbook of the National Society for the Study of Education.Part II.Chicago:The University of Chicago Press.53-70.

[49]Bradley,A.(1998).Influence of Teacher Education Accrediting Body Grows.Education Week.Nov.11.转引自Newman,J.W.(2002).America’s Teachers:An Introduction to Education.(4Thed.).Boston:Allyn and Bacon.97.

[50]周钧.解制:当代美国教师教育改革的另一种声音.外国教育研究,2004,(5)。

[51]The Abell Foundation.(2001).Teacher Certification Reconsidered:Stumbling for Quality. The Author.34.available at:www.abell.org.

[52]Goodlad,J.I.(1990).Teachers for our Nation’s Schools.San Francisco:Jossey-Bass Publishers.147-149.

[53]Larson,R.S.(1972).Accreditation:Some Professional Problems.Learning Today.5(Summer).转引自:Moore,C.A.(1982).Accreditation of Higher Education:The Case of NCATE.(ERIC document Reproduction Service No.ED226 684)31.

[54]Haywood,C.R.(1974).The Myths of Accreditation.Educational Forum.38(Jan.).转引自:Moore,C.A.(1982).Accreditation of Higher Education:The Case of NCATE.(ERIC document Reproduction Service No.ED226 684)31.

[55]Fritschel,A.L.(1978).The 1979 NCATE Standards:Implications for Teacher Education Programs.Journal of Teacher Education.29(Jan./Feb.).9-12.

[56]Hermanowicz,H.J.(1978).The Present Status and Future of NCATE.Journal of Teacher Education.26(Jan./Feb.).9-12.

[57]Krathwohi,D.R.(1978).An Accreditation Proposal.Journal of Teacher Education.29(Jan./Feb.).28-37.

[58]Olsen,H.C.(1979).Accreditation of Teacher Education is Alive and Kicking.Action in Teacher Education.1(Spring/Summer).转引自:Moore,C.A.(1982).Accreditation of Higher Education:The Case of NCATE.(ERIC Document Reproduction Service No.ED226 684)31.

[59]Wheeler,C.W.(1980).NCATE:Does it matter?(Research Series No.92).East Lansing,MI:Michigan State University,Institute for Research on Teaching.转引自:张德锐.师资培育与教育革新研究.中国台北:五南图书出版有限公司,1998:72-73。

[60]Andrew,M.D.,Schwab,R.L.(1993).Outcome-Centered Accreditation:Is Teacher Education Ready?Journal of Teacher Education.44(3),176-182.

[61]Gideonse,H.D.(1993).A ppointments with Ourselves:A Faculty Argument for NCATE. Phi Delta Kappan,75(2),175.

[62]Gardner,W.E.,Scannell,D.,& Wisniewski,R.(1996).The Curious Case of NCATE Redesign.Phi Delta Kappan,77(9),625.

[63]Kraff,N.P.(2001).Standards in Teacher Education:A Critical Analysis of NCATE,INTASC,and NBPTS.American Educational Research Association annual Meeting.Seattle,WA.

[64]Robert V.Bullough,JR.,D.Cecil Clark & Robert S.Patterson.(2003).Getting in Step: accountability,accreditation and the standardization of teacher education in the United States.Journal of Education for Teaching,29(1),35-51.

[65]Roth,R.A.(1989).NCATE:Institutional perspectives from the pilot studies.Unpublished manuscript,California State University,Long Beach.转引自:Roth,R.A.,Pipho,C.(1990). Teacher Education Standards.In:Houston,W.R.,Haberman,M.,Sikula,J.(eds.).Handbook of Research on Teacher Education.New York:Macmillan Publishing Company.132.

[66]Jones,D.W.(1993).Final report:A longitudinal study of the impact of NCATE accreditation.Muncie,IN:Ball State University.转引自:张德锐.师资培育与教育革新研究.中国台北:五南图书出版有限公司,1998,(72)。

[67]Coombs,C.G.,Allred,R.A.(1993).NCATE Accreditation:Getting the Most from the Self-Study.Journal of Teacher Education.44(3),165-169.

[68]Wilkerson,J.R.,Searls,E.F.,Uprichard,A.E.(1993).The Effectiveness of SIDPASS:A Research-Based Self-Study Model for Seeking NCATE Accreditation and Program Improvement. Journal of Teacher Education.44(3),190-199.

[69]Wise,A.E.,Leibbrand,J.A.(2000).Standards and Teacher Quality:Entering the New Millennium.Phi Delta Kappan.81(98),616.

[70]Lee,O.,Yarger,S.J.(1996).Modes of Inquiry in Research on Teacher Education.In: Sikula,J.(ed.).Handbook of Research on Teacher Education.(2nd ed.).New York:Simon & Schuster Macmillan.15.

[71]Dunkin,M.J.(ed.).(1987).The International Encyclopedia of Teaching & Teacher Education.Oxford:Pergamon Press.73.

[72]陈永明.现代教师论.上海:上海教育出版社,1999:27。

[73]注:“教师培养和发展的连续统一体”的概念是NCATE于1993年提出的。

[74]Roth,R.A.(1996).Standards for certification,licensure,and accreditation.In:Sikula,J.(ed.).Handbook of Research on Teacher Education.。(2nd ed.).New York:Simon & Schuster Macmillan.244.

[75]Clark,B.R. & Neave,G.(eds.).(1992).The Encyclopedia of Higher Education. Oxford:Pergamon Press.1313.

[76]Husen,T.,Postlethewaite,T.N.(eds.).(1994).International Encyclopedia of Education.(2nd ed.)Oxford:Pergamon.Press.Vol.1.24.

[77]Lindsey,M.(1973).Accreditation in Teacher Education.(ERIC Document Reproduction Service No.ED084 760).9

[78]Kunkel,R.C.(1984).Regional and National Voluntary Accreditation:The Place and Appropriate Future of National Accreditation.(ERIC Document Reproduction Service No.ED250 309). 6.

[79]National Council for Accreditation of Teacher Education.(1970).Standards for the Accreditation of Teacher Education.Washington D.C.:the author.1.

[80]National Council for Accreditation of Teacher Education.(2002).Professional Standards for the Accreditation of Schools,Colleges,and Departments of Education.Washington,D.C.:The author.52.

[81]郭志明.美国教师专业规范历史研究.博士论文,2002:94。

[82]The Task Force on Teaching as a Profession.(1986).A Nation Prepared:Teachers for the 21st Century.New York:The Carnegie Forum on Education and the Economy.65.

[83]Husen,T.,Postlethewaite,T.N.(eds.).(1994).International Encyclopedia of Education.(2nd ed.)Oxford:Pergamon.Press.Vol.9,5926.

[84]转引自:曾荣光.教学专业与教师专业化:一个社会学的阐释.香港中文大学教育学报,1984,12(1):25。

[85]Johnson,T.(1972).Professions and Power.London:the Macmillan Press.转引自:曾荣光.教学专业与教师专业化:一个社会学的阐释.香港中文大学教育学报,1984,12(1):33。

[86]Larson,M.S.(1977).The Rise of Professionalism:A Sociological Analysis.Berkeley:University of California Press.xvi.

[87]Parry,N.and Parry,J.(1974).The Teachers and Professionalism:The Failure of an Occupational Strategy.In:Flude,M.and Ahier,J.(eds.).Educability,Schools and Ideology. London:Croom Helm.转引自:曾荣光.教学专业与教师专业化:一个社会学的阐释.香港中文大学教育学报,1984,12(1):33。

[88]G.Larkin.(1983).Occupational Monopoly and Modern Medicine.London:Tavistock.转引自:曾荣光.教学专业与教师专业化:一个社会学的阐释.香港中文大学教育学报,1984,12(1): 33。

[89]Freidson,E.(1983).The Theory of Professions:State of the A rt.In:Dingwall,R.,& Lewis,P.(eds.).The Sociology of the Professions:Lawyers,Doctors and Others.London:The Macmillan Press L TD.22-23.

[90]转引自:Freidson,E.(1983).The Theory of Professions:State of the Art.In:Dingwall,R.,& Lewis,P.(eds.).The Sociology of the Professions:Lawyers,Doctors and Others.London: The Macmillan Press LTD.23.

[91]曾荣光.教学专业与教师专业化:一个社会学的阐释.香港中文大学教育学报,1984,12,(1)。

[92]Larson,M.S.(1977).The Rise of Professionalism:A Sociological Analysis.Berkeley:University of California Press.xvi-xvii.

[93]Macdonald,K.M.(1995).The Sociology of the Professions.London:SAGE Publications. 29-35.

免责声明:以上内容源自网络,版权归原作者所有,如有侵犯您的原创版权请告知,我们将尽快删除相关内容。

我要反馈