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信用证的语言特点及翻译

时间:2022-10-24 理论教育 版权反馈
【摘要】:信用证的语言具有法律文书的特点,用词准确、规范,行文严谨,专业性强,格式统一、条款明确。而“指令、命令”等仅仅是order的常用意思,没有体现专业含义。

第二节 信用证的语言特点及翻译

信用证的语言具有法律文书的特点,用词准确、规范,行文严谨,专业性强,格式统一、条款明确。主要体现如下:

一、专业性强

使用专业词汇也是信用证语言的主要特点之一,而且信用证中有不少普通词语用作专业词汇的现象,因此,翻译这些词语时,如果只是采用普通译法,仅仅译出这些词语的常见意思,则会导致译文失真。请看例句:

【例2】Shipping window: Dec.25th, 2000.

译文:出货日:2000年12月25日。

分析:这个表述常见于某些信用证中,它是物流术语,也用作ship window date, shipping window等,含义是“出货期”。

【例3】Full set of Clean On Board Ocean Bills of Lading issued on the order of shipper and blank endorsed, marked “Notify XYZ Corporation, and Freight Collect”.

译文:全套清洁已装船的海运提单,空白抬头、空白背书,并标明“通知XYZ公司,运费到付”。

分析:该句的语言特色主要是专业词汇,仅一个句子,就涉及7个专业词语,如Clean,On Board,Bills of Lading,order,shipper,blank endorsed及Freight Collect等,而且多数是从普通词语转化而来的。要把握普通词语的专业含义并符合专业措词习惯,对译者而言确实具有一定的难度,这也是该例翻译的难点。此处Clean的专业含义是指“货物完好无损地装到船上,提单上没有不良批注”,习惯上将Clean B/L称为“清洁提单”,与Foul B/L(不清洁提单)互为对应;若将其译为“整洁”,仅仅给人以提单文字工整、表面干净的意思。同理,此处order也是专业词汇,应译为“指示”表明该提单为“指示提单”,可以流通和转让,而且提单中通常将on the order of shipper译为套语,即“空白抬头”。而“指令、命令”等仅仅是order的常用意思,没有体现专业含义。shipper在这里不是“船方”的意思,其准确含义应为“托运人”,通常指的是卖方。

【例4】We hereby engage with the drawers, endorsers and bona-fide holders of draft(s) drawn under and in compliance with the terms of the credit that such draft(s) shall be duly honoured on due presentation and delivery of documents as specified (if drawn and negotiated with in the validity date of this credit)

译文:凡根据本证开具与本证条款相符的汇票,并能按时提示和交出本证规定的单据,我行保证对出票人、背书人和正当持有人承担付款责任(须在本证有效期内开具汇票并议付)。

分析:信用证中大量使用专业术语,对于没有从事过外贸业务的人士来说很难理解它的含义,如本例中“bona-fide holders”指“正当持有人或善意持有人”,即议付行向受益人垫付资金、买入跟单汇票后,即成为汇票持有人,也就是善意持有人。

【例5】Goods are in neutral packing and buyer’s labels must reach the seller 45 days before the month of shipment.

译文:货物采用中性包装,买方标签必须在装运期前45天到达卖方。

分析:本例中,专业术语“neutral packing”指在商品上和内外包装上不注明生产国别的包装。

二、用语正式

信用证属于正式文体,它对各当事人的权利、义务和行为准则的准确涵义和范围进行直接、明确的规定,其措辞必须严谨、精确、庄重。

1.选用正式书面语

【例6】Each presentation must be endorsed on the reverse of the original L/C advice.

译文:每次交单,须在正本信用证通知书背面背书。

分析:本例中,“endorse”取代了一般词汇“mark”,有“背书”之意,显得更为正式、规范、庄重,同时“presentation”也译为“交单”,显示了信用证语言的正式和规范性。

【例7】We hereby engage with you that all drafts drawn under and in compliance with the terms of this credit will be duly honored.

译文:本行承诺,将所有符合信用证要求的汇票即行兑付。

分析:本例中,“engage”为正式书面语,日常英语中通常使用promise。

【例8】只有出口人提供与信用证No.45675号项下相符的全套单据,本行才予承付。

译文:This L/C will be duly honored only if the seller submits whole set of documents that all terms and requirements under L/C No.45675 have been complied with.

【例9】该信用证下开立的汇票必须在2012年8 月30日或该日前在中国交单议付。

译文:Drafts drawn under this credit must be presented for negotiation in China on or before 30th August, 2012.

分析:在将汉语信用证翻译成英语时,必须了解英语的信用证中有关费用支付的用词与短语,例8中“承付”译为“honor”,例9中“议付”译为“negotiation”,使得文体正规、严肃、庄重。

2.介词短语的使用

由于篇幅和格式的限定,信用证常常限制字数和长句的使用,频繁使用介词是缩略信用证篇幅的最好办法。

【例10】Beneficiary’s certified copy of fax dispatched to the accountee within 3 days after shipment advising name of vessel, date, quantity, weight, value of shipment, L/C number and contract number.

译文:受益人证明的传真件,内容必须包括船次、日期、货物的数量、重量、价值、信用证号和合同号,并于装运后三天内送达开证申请人。

分析:本例是单据要求的一个条款,此句使用了数个介词,缩减了篇幅。

【例11】This credit is valid until September 17, 2000, in Vienna for payment available against the presentation of the following documents.

译文:本信用证有效期至2000年9月17日,到期地点为维也纳,(受益人)凭提交的下述单据可以得到偿付。

分析:此句用了五个介词,分解成下述几层意思:

(a)本信用证的到期时间(until)

(b)本信用证的到期地点(in)

(c)本信用证的付款保证(for)

(d)本信用证的付款条件(against, of)

信用证中,还常常使用介词结构取代从句来表达复杂含义,使得信用证中表述简练。

【例12】We hereby engage with you that all drafts drawn under and in compliance with the terms of this credit will be duly honored.

译文:我行保证及时对所有根据本信用证开具、并与其条款相符的汇票兑付。

【例13】In reimbursement, we shall authorize your Beijing Bank of China Head Office to debit our Head Office RMB Yuan account with them, upon receipt of relative documents

译文:偿付办法,我行收到有关单据后,将授权你北京总行借记我总行在该行开立的人民币账户。

【例14】Covering all risks as per ocean marine cargo clauses and overland transportation cargo insurance clause of PICC dated...

译文:按照中国人民保险公司×年×月×日海洋运输货物保险条款和陆上运输货物保险条款投保海陆联运一切险。

分析:本例中,使用as per比according to更适用于信用证文本的正式场合。

3.古体词运用,体现庄重的文体风格

信用证中经常使用古体词(archaism),它是一种具有鲜明文体特色的词汇,几乎很少使用在口语和一般书面语中,但在信用证中却大量出现,充分体现出庄重的文体风格。这些副词由here,there,where词根加上一个或几个作为后缀的介词(如after,by,from,in,of,under,upon)构成,用于信用证条款中。

(1)以there为词根的旧体词。常用的有下面一些:thereafter(从那以后,之后……);thereinafter(在下文;此后);thereinbefore(在以上部分;在上文;此前);therefore(及其……;为此);thereof(其中……;由此);thereby(因此……;从而……);therein(在那里;其中)。

【例 15】The Credit, therefore, should clearly indicate whether it is revocable or irrevocable.

译文:因此,该信用证应明确注明是可撤销的或是不可撤销的。

【例16】In consideration of your issuing a set of clean bill of lading against the mate’s receipt we guarantee to take all of the consequences arising therefrom.

译文:鉴于你方是凭大副收据出具一整套清洁提单,我方保证承担由此引起的一切后果。

分析:herefrom/therefrom表示“由此,从此”,应注意本词的使用多和具有和 from构成短语的动词如 elicit, flee 和 bring等相接。

【例17】We hope that you will take commercial reputation into account in all seriousness and open L/C at once, otherwise you will be responsible for all the losses arising thereof.

译文:希望贵方认真考虑商业信誉,立即开证,否则,由此产生的一切损失均由贵方负责。

分析:thereof表示所属或缘由之义,因此,在某些情况下,其意义相当于“therefrom”。

【例18】Instructions for the issuance of a Credit, the Credit itself, instructions for an amendment thereto, and the amendment itself must be complete and precise.

译文:信用证的开证指示、信用证本身、信用证的修改指示或修改本身必须完整和明确。

分析:hereto/thereto两个词均表示一种空间的方向性的运动。具有“指向……文件、文本和事件”等意义(to this document, matter, or proposition),或“向……地方、目的、终点推进的动作运动方向”(to what place, purpose, or end)。

(2)以here为词根的旧体词。这类词主要有:hereafter, hereunder, hereinafter(三词均有“之后、在下文中”之意,但hereinafter 最为正式);herein(在此;在……)之中);hereof(于此,就此);herewith(于……一起;随函);hereto(至此,关于这个);hereby(特此,据此)等。

【例19】Unless otherwise stipulated herein, any charges and commissions in respect to negotiation of drafts under this credit prior to presentation to us to be collected from beneficiary.

译文:除非信用证另有规定,开证行见到银行提示前的任何议付费用和佣金都向受益人收取。

分析:“herein”没有译出,因为后面主句涵盖了其意思,不译,避免了冗余之嫌,更显简洁但又精确正式的文风特点。

【例20】兹开立第89679号不可撤销的信用证,受益人美国纽约冠军公司,开证人中国红星公司,最高金额60 000美元,溢交或短交货物金额以5%为限。

译文:We hereby open an irrevocable Letter of Credit No.89679 in favor of Champion Company, New York for account of: China Red Star Company, Beijing to the extent of: $60,000(USD Sixty Thousand only), and 5% more or less is allowed.

分析:译文中使用“hereby”体现了严肃、庄重的文体。

(3)以where为词根的旧体词。这类词较常用的有whereby,whereof和whereas三个。“whereas”在日常用语中为转折连词,意为“而……,可是……”,而在经贸合同中通常可译为“鉴于……”;“whereby”常译为“根据……;凭……”;而“whereof”意思是“关于……;就此……”等。

【例21】For the purposes of these Articles, the expression “Documentary Credit(s)” and“Standby Letter(s) of Credit” (hereinafter referred to as “Credit(s)”) mean any arrangement, however named or described, whereby a bank ( the “Issuing Bank”) acting at the request and on the instruction of a customer (the “Applicant”) or on its own behalf, …

译文:就本惯例而言,“跟单信用证”和“备用信用证”(以下统称“信用证 ”)意指一项约定,不论其如何命名或描述,系指一家银行(“开证行”)应客户(“申请人”)的要求和指示或以其自身的名义,在与信用证条款相符的条件下,凭规定的单据:……

【例22】We certify that this invoice is correct in respect of the price and quantity and quality of the goods covered by this invoice whereby the ultimate buyer’s rights to claim is reserved.

译文:兹证明本发票所列货物在价格、数量和质量各方面均真实无误。凭此最终买方索赔权利保留。

分析:在例21和例22中,“whereby”意为“by means of which”。此词的使用,使文体显得正式、庄重。

【例23】In faith whereof the undersigned, being duly authorized thereto, have signed this protocol.

译文:下列签署人经正式授权在本协议书上签字,以昭信守。

分析:本例中“whereof”直译为“关于那个”,实为“上述内容”,将“In faith whereof”译为“以昭信守”,约定俗成,符合信用证合同语言的特点。

三、法律文体词的频繁使用

1.由于信用证条款规定的强制性,信用证中用词通常带有命令语气。

为了表达其命令语气,信用证英语中使用了大量的情态动词这是信用证英语的另一大特征。情态动词如may,must,can,shall,should等在信用证中使用频率较高,常表示在法律上必须履行的责任和应尽的义务。

【例24】Your draft must be accompanied by a complete set of shipping documents.

译文:你方汇票必须随附全套转运单据。

分析:本例中“必须”体现强制性承担法律或合同所规定的义务。

【例25】The affected PARTY shall immediately notify the other PARTY of the occurrence of the Event of Force Majeure and shall provide available evidence thereof.

译文:受不可抗力事件影响的一方应立即将不可抗力事件的发生通知另一方并提供其所能得到的证据。

分析:本例中“shall”被译为“应”,表示一种义务,若没有履行义务,则是违约,需要承担相应的法律责任。

2.“Without prejudice to”常用于商务法律文本中,在信用证中也经常使用,表示“在不损害/不违背某规定/情况/原则下等”,相当于普通英语中的“without affecting”,跟在这个短语之后的通常是一个指代某项法律条款的名词。

【例26】If no notice of rejection is received within the said period, our obligation to pay will become effective and binding, without prejudice to the other terms and conditions of this L/C.In case the ultimate day of rejection falls on a non-banking day in Holland, the ultimate day of rejection shall be extended to the first following banking day in Holland.

译文:如果在上述所说日期内没有收到拒付通知,在不违背本信用证的其他条款/条件的规定的情况下,我方付款义务将开始生效并具有约束力。如果拒付的最后一天恰巧是荷兰的银行工作日,本拒付日将延展至下一个荷兰的第一天银行工作日。

3.“liable”比“responsible”更强调有付款的法律责任,因此在索赔、索偿条款中,使用“liable”更为准确。

【例27】In case of quality discrepancy, claim should be filed by the Buyer within 30 days after the arrival of the goods at port of destination, while for quantity discrepancy, claim should be filed by Buyer within15 days after the arrival of the goods at port of destination.It is understood that the Seller shall not be liable for any discrepancy of the goods shipped due to causes for which the Insurance Company, Shipping Company, other Transportation Organization /or Past Office are liable.

译文:如买方提出索赔,凡属品质异议须于货到目的口岸之日起30天内提出,凡属数量异议须于货到目的口岸之日起15天内提出,对所装货物所提任何异议于保险公司、轮船公司、其他有关运输机构或邮递机构所负责者,卖方不负任何责任。

4.词汇并列使用(juxtaposition)

在信用证英语中,同/近义词或相关词成对或多个并列连用,主要是达到两个目的:一是体现用语的正式;二是使得表达准确严谨无歧义。

【例28】The Letter of Credit shall remain in effect/force until May 10th, at which time it will become null and void.

译文:本信用证生效日期直到5月10日,过期失效。

分析:本例中,“force”和“effect”同义连用,均表示“生效”;“null”和“void”同义连用,均表示“失效”。

【例29】Payment or negotiation of documents under reservesguarantee or indemnity is not allowed.

译文:不允许凭保函支付或议付单据。

分析:本例中三个词“reserves”,“guarantee”,“indemnity”意义相同/近义。

类似的词汇并列还有“terms and conditions”表示合同、协议和谈判中达成共识的条款,cost and expenses(费用),complaints and claims(投诉),duties, obligations and liabilities(责任)等。此外除了近义名词并列,动词并列和介词并列的现象,如fulfill or perform(履行)和by and between 强调双方之间。

四、信用证中的句子具有格式化、规范化的特点

目前,信用证其基本特点是格式化和规范化,其语言特点也趋向于格式化和规范化。句中虽缺少一定的成分,但独立成句,这种句式主要出现在信用证对单据和装船的限定部分。

1.省去系动词

【例30】Latest shipment Apr.30, 2012.

译文:最迟装运期为2012年4月30日。

【例31】Shipment from Chinese port to Osaka.

译文:从中国口岸装至大阪

2.在使用“be to + 动词结构”或“be to + 动词被动式结构”表示将来时概念时,省去助动词be。

【例32】Each document to show B/ L number and date and to be dated not earlier than 7 days from B/ L date.

译文:每份单证上需显示提单号码和日期,同时日期的签署不能早于提单日的7天。

【例33】All correspondence to be sent to Bangkok Bank import services department.

译文:所有信函需寄往曼谷银行进口服务部。

3.被动语态结构省去助动词be

【例34】

Partial shipment allowed .

Transshipment prohibited .

译文:允许分批。

禁止转船。

4.分词短语作定语,独立成句

【例35】Copy of beneficiaries’ telex to buyer quoting L/ C number mentioning details of shipment.

译文:受益人给买方的电函需引述信用证号码同时说明转运详情。

【例36】Beneficiaries’ certificate certifying that one set of N/ N shipping documents has been sent to buyer immediately after shipment has been made.

译文:受益人证书证明一套不可转让运输单证在装运后立即寄送买方。

以上例句充分说明了信用证英语的句式特点,有助于我们辨认信用证英语句子结构的特征以及吃透信用证条款的句子含义,便于解析信用证。

五、被动结构的使用

信用证的文体因素和语言环境要求强调客观事实,因而动词被动语态的出现率很高。信用证是开证行对各个当事人的权责义务的描述,使用被动语态显得更为客观公正。同时,被动语态的句子在结构上有较大的调节余地,比主动语态更少主观色彩,更适宜严肃和庄重性文体的需要,但在翻译时通常不译出被动结构。

【例37】Drafts and documents are to be couriered in one lot to Bank of China, Shanghai Branch.

译文:汇票和单据一次寄单至中国银行上海分行。

【例38】The negotiating bank is authorized by the issuing bank to claim reimbursement from Citibank New York via SWIFT provided that all terms and conditions are fully complied with and that documents were dispatched directly to the issuing bank.

译文:开证行授权议付行通过SWIFT方式向花旗银行纽约分行索偿,只要信用证的各项条款和条件得以满足同时单证已寄开证行。

分析:与主动态相比,被动态的一个基本功能就是改变句子的语义焦点。一般来说,带有by短语的语义中心在句末,即by所引导的成分。在本句中,主谓部分为被动结构,“议付行”置于主位的位置上,明确表述“议付行得到了授权”这一突出的句子主题,但是其语义中心更加强调了开证行(the issuing bank)的作用,而后是一个条件句后置,并在条件句中增加了一个并列成分起到了扩大句子信息量的作用。在翻译这种带有by短语的被动结构时,不要译成汉语的“被”字结构,而应该将原句中的by字结构译为汉语的“主位”结构,这样原句和译文在强调的重心上就相互一致了。

【例39】如未开出信用证,将视为违约行为。需按照卖方建议对此违约进行补救或采取其他补救措施。

译文:Failure to open such Letter of Credit shall be considered a breach of contract subject to Seller’s advice on remedies or other action regarding such breach of contract.

分析:信用证语言讲究客观,汉语中往往采用使用无人称代词来表示,而英语中则采用使用被动语态,并使用不涉及任何人称的主语,以达到客观、庄重的效果。 本例中“如未开出信用证,将视为违约行为”汉语表达与英译中“Failure to open such Letter of Credit shall be considered a breach of contract”取得的效果可谓异曲同工。

【例 40】根据通汇银行(开证银行)的要求,本银行确认此信用证并藉此向贵公司(受益人)保证,凡出具符合信用证所列条款的汇票,届时付款。

译文:At the request of the correspondent, we confirm their credit and also affirm to you that drafts drawn in conformity with the terms of this credit will be paid by us.

分析:汉语信用证中使用被动语态的情况并不多见,但在英语信用证中,则往往要求突出动作的对象,而不太关注动作的完成者,强调客观公正,使行文严肃、庄重。在将汉语信用证翻译成英语信用证时,一定要考虑英语的行文习惯,并根据实际情况适当采用被动形式进行表达。本例中“届时付款”英译为“will be paid by us”。

六、“条件”结构在信用证中的使用

信用证中关于条件句的词语表述非常丰富,在同一份信用证中,不管出现多少次“条件”,但所用词语很少重复,这说明信用证非常注重文体色彩。而从语气上讲,主要是开证行站在自己的位置上,对受益人或第二方提出一些限制。下述词语经常出现在信用证的条件句表述中:in case of/in case that; only if; only after; provided; unless; if; in view of; in the event of/in the event (that); on condition that; providing that; subject to; whatsoever; whichever; wherever; whenever; be conditional upon 等

【例41】Provided the credit terms and conditions have been complied with we shall cover you, as per your instructions.

译文:只要信用证条款相符,我行根据你行指示向你方付款。

分析:本例中“provided”作为表示“条件”的引导词置于句首。

【例42】In case of transfer, document No.(K) is no more required, provided that the bank of China, Shanghai certifies it has transferred the credit.

译文:在转让的情况下,单据(K)不需要转让,只要中国银行上海分行证明已实施转让。

【例43】Transshipment is allowed on condition that the entire voyage be covered by through B/L.

译文:只要提供联运提单,允许转船。

要注意由if 组成的一些格式用语的使用。比如:if practicable(如果可行);if possible(如果可能);if required(必要时,如果需要);if available(如果能够)等。

【例44】Signed commercial invoice issued in 2/3 original, 1 copy certifying issuance in strict conformity with proforma invoice regarding the unit price and if available trade mark of the manufacture.

译文:签署的商业发票2正1副,证明本发票的出具在单价上和产品的商标(如有)与形式发票完全一致。

七、使用长句

使用长句为信用证英语的主要句法特点之一。翻译信用证长句时,在确保译文语义准确和连贯的前提下,可按汉语表达习惯对原文的结构顺序、句子成分进行重新整合,以便译文更趋严谨。

【例45】We hereby declare that this invoice amounting to USD4,500 is in all respects correct and contains full and true statement of the particulars of the goods and of the price actually paid or to be paid for the said goods and the actual quantity thereof and that no other invoice has been or will be furnished to anyone else, and that the goods are of Chinese origin, and that no discount or rebate has been or will be allowed other than that shown on this invoice.

译文:我们兹声明,本发票金额4 500美元是正确的;发票对本笔货物、以及对所说货物的实际支付或将付的价格和本发票内的数量进行了全面和真实的说明;同时我们声明没有其他的发票已经或将提供给任何其他人;同时声明货物是中国产;除了本发票上所示,我们现在没有将来也不给予折扣。

分析:本例为信用证的一个特别条款。本句主体结构引起四个宾语从句,它反映了如下层次:

We hereby declare that this invoice...

We hereby declare that no other invoice...

We hereby declare that the goods...

We hereby declare that no discount...

另一个难点是第一个宾语从句里的并列成分,在contains后接连使用了三个of 介词,三个and和一个or。这里,我们要分清词与词之间的并列关系和of 之间的层次关系。我们可以把这句分解为:

The statement about the particulars of the goods is full and true;

The statement about the particulars of the price is full and true;

price后面的or 是并列成分,修饰前面的price,作定语。通过分析,我们很容易地理解了其含义:(发票对)本批货物和价格的所有详细情况的陈述是全面和真实的。其他三个宾语从句则都是发票上所要声明的内容。

【例46】Notwithstanding the provisions of UCP600, if we give notice of refusal of documents presented under this credit, we shall however retain the right to accept a waiver of discrepancies from the applicant and, subject to such waiver being acceptable to us, to release documents against that waiver without reference to the presenter provided that no written instructions to the contrary have been received by us from the presenter before the release of the documents.Any such release prior to receipt of contrary instructions shall not constitute a failure on our part to hold the documents at the presenter’s risk and disposal, and we will have no liability to the presenter in respect of any such release.

译文:尽管有UCP 600条款的若干规定,如果我行发出对本信用证项下所提交的单证拒付通知,我行仍保留权利接受申请人同意放弃不符点声明书,在我行接受本放弃不符点声明书的前提下,我行将凭此声明书放单而不再接洽交单人,只要在放单前我行没有收到交单人的相反书面通知。在收到相反指示之前的这种放单将不构成我方持有单证由交单人承担风险和处理的过错,同时,我行不对与本放单有关的交单人承担任何责任。

分析:上述条款表述的中心是:“我行有权……”。在本中心意义周围是其补充成分既有介词短语、状语的使用,同时也有插入语的使用。在分析本条款的过程中,应该注意信息的层次分布,同时也应该注意其前后的逻辑联系。把握中心,掌握方向。这样,我们就不难理解本条款的含义。

长句结构在法律文体中使用较为频繁,在信用证英语的特别条款中也多有使用。从上述事例,我们可以看出,对于英语长句的翻译,并不只是使用一种翻译方法,而是多种翻译方法的综合运用。在翻译长句时,首先要分清主句与从句。分清主句的主、谓、宾;然后分析从句,从句与从句。修饰与被修饰部分之间的关系;最后用汉语的意思准确地表达出来。

八、常用惯用句式

(一)各方当事人在信用证中的表述文句(The Parties Concerning to the Credit)

1.开证人(The Applicant for the credit)

Applicant/Principal/Accountee/Accreditor/Opener申请人

At the request of… 应……的请求

By order of… 按……的指示

For account of… 由……付款

At the request of and for… 应……的请求

Account of … 并由……付款

By order of and for account of … 按……的指示并由……付款

2.受益人(The beneficiary)

Beneficiary 受益人

In favour of … 以……为受益人

In your favour… 以你方为受益人

Transferor… 转让人(可转让信用证的第一受益人)

Transferee… 受让人(可转让信用证的第二受益人)

3. Banks concerned信用证中相关银行

Opening Bank/Issuing Bank/Establishing Bank开证行

Advising Bank/Notifying Bank通知行

Negotiation Bank/Honouring Bank议付行

Paying Bank/Drawee Bank付款行

Confirming Bank保兑行

Accepting Bank承兑行

(二)信用证议付的有效期和到期地点(Validity and Place of Expiry)

1.直接写明到期日和到期地点名称

Expiry date: March 07, 2004 in the country of the beneficiary for negotiation.

此信用证的有效期:2004年3月7日前,在受益人国家议付有效。

This credit remains valid/force/good in China until March 08, 2004 inclusive.

本信用证在中国限至2004年3月8日前有效(最后一天包括在内)。

Drafts must be presented to the negotiating (or drawee) bank not later than Oct.10, 2004.

汇票不得迟于2004年10月10日给议付行。

Expiry date July 17, 2004 in the country of the beneficiary unless otherwise stated.

除非信用证另有规定,本证于2004年7月17日在受益人国家到期。

Drafts drawn under this credit must be negotiated in China on or before Sep.03, 2004 after which date this credit expires.

凭本证项下开具的汇票要在2004年9月3日或该日以前在中国议付,该日以后本证失效。

2.也有的信用证是以“交单日期”、“汇票日期”等来表达信用证的有效期限的。

This credit shall cease to be available for negotiation of beneficiary’s drafts after Mar.08, 2004.

本信用证受益人的汇票在2004年3月8日前议付有效。

Bill of exchange must be negotiated within 15 days from the date of Bill of Lading but not later than May 05, 2004.

汇票须自提单日期起15天内议付,但不得迟于2004年5月6日。

Negotiation must be on or before the 15 th day of shipment.

自装船日起15天或之前议付。

(三)信用证金额条款(Amount of the L/C)

Amount USD2,000.00 金额:美元2 000.00元

For an amount of USD… 金额为美元……元

For a sum not exceeding total of USD… 总金额不超过……美元

Up to an aggregate amount of USD… 总金额……美元

(四)信用证或汇票上条款(Clause on Draft or B/E)

All drafts drawn under this credit must contain the clause “Drafts drawn Under Bank of…credit No.…dated…”

本证项下开具的汇票须注明“本汇票系凭……银行……年……月……日第……号信用证下开具”的条款。

Draft (s) drawn under this credit to be marked:“Drawn under…Bank L/C No.……Dated(issuing date of credit)”

根据本证开出的汇票须注明“凭……银行……年……月……日(按开证日期)第……号不可撤销信用证项下开立”。

(五)信用证中货物描述,一般包括货名、品质、数量、单价、价格术语等(Description of Goods)

2,100 dozen “Rooster” brand hoes, article No.H316-2-3/4LBS, hoes dark-blue painted at USD 12.8 per dozen, CIF TOKYO.

2 100打“公鸡牌”锄头,深蓝色,货品编号H316-2-3/4LBS,价格每打12.8美元,CIF东京到岸价

(六)发票(Invoice)

1. Signed commercial invoice(已签署的商业发票)

in duplicate 一式两份;in triplicate 一式三份;in quadruplicate 一式四份;in quintuplicate 一式五份;in sextuplicate 一式六份;in septuplicate 一式七份;in octuplicate一式八份;in nonuplicate 一式九份;in decuplicate 一式十份

2. Beneficiary’s original signed commercial invoices at least in 8 copies issued in the name of the buyer indicating (showing/evidencing/specifying/declaration of) the merchandise, country of origin and any other relevant information.

以买方的名义开具、注明商品名称、原产国及其他有关资料,并经签署的受益人的商业发票正本至少一式八份。

(七)单据条款(Clause (s) on Documents)

信用证要求的单据:汇票(Bill of Exchange); 商业发票(Commercial Invoice); 原产地证书(Certificate of Origin); 提单(Bill of Lading); 保单(Insurance Policy); 检验证书(Inspection Certificate); 受益人证明书(Beneficiary’s certificate); 装箱单(Packing List)或重量单(Weight list)等等。

信用证中要求提供单据的条款表述:

Documents required as following:

须提交以下单据。

Documents marked “X” below.

须提交下列注有“X”标志的单据。

Drafts must be accompanied by the following documents marked “X”.

汇票须随附下列注有“X”标志的单据。

….available against surrender of the following documents bearing the credit number and the full name and address of the opener.

(议付时)以提交下列注明本信用证编号及开证人详细姓名、地址的各项单据为有效。

Certificate of Chinese origin 中国产地证明书

Generalised system of preference certificate of origin form 普惠制格式“A”产地证

Packing list detailing the complete inner packing specification and contents of each package列明每件货物内包装规格和物品的装箱单。

Certificate of inspection certifying quality & quantity issued by AQSIQ.

由国家质检总局出具的品质和数量检验证明书。

Survey report on weight issued by AQSIQ.

国家质检总局签发的重量检验证明书。

(八)装运条款(Clause (s) on Shipment)

Bills of lading must be dated not later than….

提单日期不得迟于……

Shipment must be effected not later than (or on) … .

货物装运不得迟于(或于)……

Evidencing shipment/dispatch on or before…

列明货物在……年/月/日或在该日前装运/发送

Partial shipments are allowed and transshipment is allowed.

分批装运和转运是被允许的。

Transshipment and Partial shipment prohibited.

不允许分装运和转运。

(九)信用证中“特别条款”的表述(Special Clauses/Conditions)

1. Negotiation and Reimbursement议付与索偿条款

Upon presentation of the documents strictly complied with all credit terms, we authorize you to draw on our H/O reimbursement a/c value five working days later under authenticated SWIFT advice to us without any charges on our part.

收到单证严格相符的单据后,我们(开证行)授权贵行向我总行索偿,5个工作日起息,SWIFT通知我行,费用由贵方承担。

At maturity, we shall pay to the negotiating bank as instructed by T/T for documents which are in compliance with credit terms and conditions.Telex charges are for account of beneficiary.

单证严格相符,到期日,我行将用电汇方式偿付贵行,此电报费由受益人承担。

In reimbursement, please draw on our Head Office account with your London office.

偿付办法:请从我总行在贵行伦敦分行的账户内支取。

You are authorized to reimburse yourself for the amount of your negotiation by drawing as per arrangement on our account with Standard Chartered Bank London.

兹授权贵行索偿议付金额,按约定办法,请向标准渣打银行伦敦分行我账户内支取。

Negotiating bank may claim reimbursement by T/T on the Bank of China New York branch certifying that the credit terms have been complied with.

议付行证明本信用证条款已履行,可按电汇索偿条款向中国银行纽约分行索回货款。

2. Commission and discount佣金/折扣条款

信用证中常常有佣金和折扣条款,其表现形式各不一样,有的称为明佣,有的称之为暗佣,在信用证中的表示经常是这样的:

(1)Explicit commission 明佣

Signed commercial invoice must show 5% commission.

签署商业发票须显示5%的佣金。

5% commission to be deducted from the invoice value.

5%佣金须在发票金额中扣除。

(2)Implicit commission 暗佣

Less 5% commission to be shown on separate statement only.

5%的佣金用单独的声明书列出。

The price quoted include a discount of 5% which must be shown on your final invoice, but is to be the subject of a separate credit note, the amount of which is to be deducted from your drafts.

信用证所列价格包括5%折扣在内,最后发票应开列未扣除5%折扣的价格,但须另出一份扣佣通知书,汇票金额则扣除此项折扣金额。

3. Charges费用条款

All banking charges outside Korea and reimbursing charges are for account of beneficiary.

所有韩国以外的费用及偿付行费用由受益人承担。

Charges must be claimed either as they arise or in no circumstances later than the date of negotiation.

一切费用须于发生时或不迟于议付期索偿。

Port congestion surcharges, if any, at the time of shipment is for opener’s account.

装运时如产生港口拥挤费,须由开证人承担。

(十)开证行“保证条款”(Warranties of Issuing Bank)

We hereby undertake that all drafts drawn under and in compliance with the terms and conditions of this letter of credit will be duly honoured on presentation at this office.

凡按本信用证所列条款开具并提示的汇票,我行保证兑付。

We hereby engage with drawers and/or bona fide holder that drafts drawn and negotiated on presentation and that drafts accepted within the terms of this credit will be duly honoured at maturity.

兹对出票人及/或善意持票人保证,凡按本信用证开具及议付的汇票一经提交即予承兑;凡依本证条款承兑之汇票,到期即予照付。

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