英语动词时态图解_行进在课改路上

英语动词时态图解_行进在课改路上

英语动词时态图解

梁海云

下列图表将用于动词时态描述:

一、一般时(The Simple Tenses)(www.guayunfan.com)

1．一般现在时(Simp le Present)

Examples:(a) It snows in Northeast China．

　　　　 (b) Iwatch television every day．

Meaning:一般现在时表示经常或习惯性发生的动作或状态，它们存在于过去、现在并可能存在于将来。

2．一般过去时(Sim ple Past)

Examples:(a) It snowed yesterday．

　　　　 (b) Iwatched television last night．

Meaning:表示过去发生的动作，它开始并结束于过去。

3．一般将来时(Sim ple Future)

Example:(a) Itwill snow tomorrow．

　　　　(b) Iwill watch television tomorrow．

Meaning:表示将来某时发生的动作。

二、进行时(The Progressive Tenses)

be+－ing(present participle)

Meaning:进行时表示在某特定时间内正在进行的动作，这一动作开始于另一时间或另一动作之前或之后，且一直在进行着。

1．现在进行时(Present Progressive)

Example: He is sleeping right now．

Meaning: He went to bed at10:00 tonight．It is now 11:00 and he is still asleep．

他入睡于过去，持续到现在并有可能继续延续下去。

2．过去进行时(Past Progressive)

Example: He was sleeping when Iarrived．

Meaning: He went to sleep at10:00 last night．Iarrived at11:00．Hewas still asleep．

他入睡于过去，持续到过去的另一时间并有可能继续延续下去。

3．将来进行时(Future Progressive)

Example: He will be sleeping when we arrive．

Meaning: He will go to sleep at10:00 tomorrow night．We will arrive at11:00．他入睡的动作将开始于我们到达之前，持续到将来我们到达之时并有可能继续延续。

三、完成时(The Perfect Tenses)

1．现在完成时(Present Perfect)

(1)用法一。

Example: Ihave already seen thatmovie．

Meaning: Isaw thatmovie sometime before now．The exact time is not important．

如果涉及某一具体时间，就用一般过去时。Eg．I saw thatmovie last night．

(2)用法二。

Example:We have had four tests so far this semester．

Meaning: The present perfect also expresses the repetition of an activity before now．The exact time of each repetition isnot important．现在完成时还可表示此前反复的动作。而动作发生的时间无关紧要。

(3)用法三。

Example: Ihave been here sin ce seven o’clock．

Meaning: The present perfect also，when used with“for”or“since”expressing a

situation thatbegan in the pastand continues to the present．现在完成时与介词“for”或“since”连用还可表示:过去某个时间已经开始并延续到此时此刻的动作或状态。

2．过去完成时( Past Perfect)

(1)用法一。

Example: Ihad already eaten when they arrived．

Meaning: First I finished eating．Later they arrived．我吃饭的动作在过去另一时间之前已完成。

(2)用法二。

Example:When we got to the cinema yesterday，the film had already been on for 5 minutes．

Meaning:电影开始于我们到达电影院之前，并持续到我们到达。

3．将来完成时(Future Perfect)

Example: Iwill already have eaten when they arrive．

Meaning: First Iwill finish eating．Later they will arrive．我吃饭的动作将结束于将来另一时间之前。

四、完成进行时(The Perfect Progressive Tenses)

1．现在完成进行时( Present Perfect Progressive)

Example: Ihave been studying for two hours．

Meaning:(a)进行的动作:studying

　　　　(b)时间:此前已开始并持续到现在并有可能继续进行下去。

　　　　(c)多久:for two hours

2．过去完成进行时(Past Perfect Progressive)

Example: Ihad been studying for two hours beforemy friend came．

Meaning:(a)进行的动作:studying

　　　　(b)时间:过去已经开始，持续到过去另一时间并有可能继续进行下去。

　　　　(c)已持续多久:for two hours

3．将来完成进行(Future Perfect Progressive)

Example:Iwill have been studying for two hours by the time you arrive．

Meaning:(a)进行的动作:studying

　　　　(b)时间:将来某时开始，持续到将来另一时间并有可能继续进行下去。

　　　　(c)持续多久:for two hours