第九节 原发性食管恶性纤维组织细胞瘤
恶性纤维组织细胞瘤又称纤维组织细胞肉瘤(fibrous histic sarcoma,FHS),是老年人最常见的肉瘤之一,好发于肢体的软组织内,发生于食管十分罕见。本病以吞咽梗阻感为首发症状,临床上与食管癌很难鉴别,诊断靠术后病理组织学检查和免疫组织化学检查。其发生机制尚不清楚,可能是黏膜下局部刺激引起,或是食管黏膜本身的癌前病变。本病的治疗以局部广泛切除为主,化疗和放疗作用不大。术后复发及转移率高,预后较差。
郑春鹏报道1例。患者男性,51岁,因进行性吞咽梗阻感伴进食后呕吐、消瘦1个月来就诊。X线检查见T6水平以下食管的钡剂充盈缺损,长3 cm,拟食管癌入院。查体消瘦,余未发现异常。入院后胃镜检查见距门齿25 cm处食管有3 cm×3 cm肿块,活检病理诊断“鳞癌”。在全麻下行剖左胸探查术,行中下段食管切除并清除区域淋巴结。术后恢复顺利,随访1个月无异常。标本见食管一覃伞形肿块,直径3.3 cm,表面充血、水肿,切面灰白色,质较脆。光镜下见食管黏膜下肿瘤由成纤维细胞样细胞和多核瘤巨细胞组成,未侵犯黏膜层。黏膜鳞状上皮细胞增生,基底层细胞有明显异形性,排列紊乱,极向消失,未侵犯基膜。病理诊断:食管恶性纤维组织细胞瘤,局部黏膜鳞状上皮重度非典型增生。
(吴开良)
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