首页 理论教育 鉴定注意事项

鉴定注意事项

时间:2022-04-16 理论教育 版权反馈
【摘要】:挤压伤多数为灾害事故所致,此类损伤多为群体性,死因明确,需要法医鉴定的案例较少。散发的案例多见于拷打、长时间捆绑并固定于某一体位所致死亡案例,这类案例如不经过系统的尸体解剖,死因往往无法确定。另外还需排除疾病及其他原因致死的可能,特别是应注意排除用其他手段杀人致死后伪装挤压伤死亡的案件。

三、鉴定注意事项

挤压伤多数为灾害事故所致,此类损伤多为群体性,死因明确,需要法医鉴定的案例较少。另外,因为工伤事故所致的挤压伤,由于理赔的需要而要求死因鉴定。散发的案例多见于拷打、长时间捆绑并固定于某一体位所致死亡案例,这类案例如不经过系统的尸体解剖,死因往往无法确定。因此,法医遇到此类案例时,首先需要详细了解案情,如果伤后住院治疗,还需详细调查有关病历、治疗情况等,以便全面掌握病情的发生和发展,对鉴定具有较大的帮助。

损伤的认定主要根据外伤史、临床表现及解剖所见来确定,特别是损伤部位大面积肌肉坏死、出血,结合有关的病情经过,综合分析确定死亡原因。另外还需排除疾病及其他原因致死的可能,特别是应注意排除用其他手段杀人致死后伪装挤压伤死亡的案件。

对于案情不明确、病史不详的案例,毒化检验必不可少;因为某些药物或毒物中毒导致昏迷后,自体压迫时间较长也可以形成挤压伤或挤压综合征;因此,系统的尸体解剖尤为重要。

(刘水平马艺列)

参 考 文 献

[1]RON D,TAITELMAN U,MICHAELSON M,et al.Prevention of acute renal failure in traumatic rhabdomyolysis[J].Arch Intern Med,1984,144:277-280.

[2]BYWATERS.EGL 50 years on:the crush syndrome[J].BMJ,1990,301:1412-1415.

[3]SHENG Z Y.Medical support in the Tangshan earthquake:a review of the management of mass casualties and certain major injuries[J].J Trauma,1987,27:1130-1135.

[4]BETTER O S,STEIN J H.Early management of shock and prophylaxis of acute renal failure in traumatic rhabdomyolysis[J].N Engl J Med,1990,322:825-829.

[5]BETTER O S.Rescue and salvage of casualties suffering from the crush syndrome after mass disasters[J].Mil Med,1999,164(5):366-369.

[6]ODA J,TANAKA H,YOSHIOKA T,et al.Analysis of 372 patients with crush syndrome caused by the Hanshin-Awaji earthquake[J].J Trauma,1997,42(3):470-475.

[7]SEVER M S,EREK E,VANHOLDER R,et al.The Marmara earthquake:epidemiological analysis of the victims with nephrological problems[J].Kidney Int,2001,60(3):1114-1123.

[8]GONZALEZ D.Crush syndrome[J].Crit Care Med,2005,33(1 Suppl):34-41.

[9]SEVER M S,VANHOLDER R,LAMEIRE N.Management of crush-related injuries after disasters[J].N Engl J Med,2006,354(10):1 052-1 063.

[10]MICHAELSON M.Crush injury and crush syndrome[J].World J Surg,1992,16:899-903.

[11]SEVER M S.Rhabdomyolysis[J].Acta Clin Belg Suppl,2007(2):375-379.

[12]SAHJIAN M,FRAKES M.Crush injuries:pathophysiology and current treatment[J].Nurse Pract,2007,32(9):13-18.

[13]MALINOSKI D J,SLATER M S,MULLINS R J.Crush injury and rhabdomyolysis[J].Crit Care Clin,2004,20(1):171-192.

[14]SEXTON W L,KORTHUIS R J,LAUGHLIN M H.Ischemia-reperfusion injury in isolated rat hindquarters[J].J Appl Physiol,1990,68:387-392.

[15]ODEH M.The role of reperfusion-induced injury in the pathogenesis of the crush syndrome[J].N Engl J Med,1991,324(20):1 417-1 422.

[16]KORTHUIS R J,GRISHAM M B,GRANGER D N.Leukocyte depletion attenuates vascular injury in postischemic skeletal muscle[J].Am J Physiol,1988,254:H823-827.

[17]BREY J M,CASTRO M D.Salvage of compartment syndrome of the leg and foot[J].Foot Ankle Clin,2008,13(4):767-772.

[18]刘水平,陈玉川,郭薇,等.肢体挤压伤大鼠早期心脏损伤的实验研究[J].中华创伤杂志,2001,17(12):729-731.

[19]刘水平,陈玉川,郭薇,等.挤压伤大鼠血浆内皮素含量与心脏损伤的关系[J].中山医科大学学报,2002,23(1):27-28.

[20]刘水平,陈玉川,郭薇,等.严重挤压伤大鼠早期心脏损伤的某些发病机制的探讨[J].中国病理生理杂志,2002,18(6):676-678.

[21]KOWAL-VERN A,SHARP-PUCCI M M,WALENGA J M,et al.Trauma and thermal injury:comparison of hemostatic and cytokine changes in the acute phase of injury[J].J Trauma,1998,44(2):325-329.

[22]VETTERLEIN F,HOFFMANN F,PEDINA J,et al.Disturbances in renal microcirculation induced by myoglobin and hemorrhagic hypotension in anesthetized rat[J].Am J Physiol,1995,268:839-846.

[23]SIMON E.New aspects of acute renal failure[J].Am J Med Sci,1995,310:217-221.

[24]ABASSI Z A,HOFFMAN A,BETTER O S.Acute renal failure complicating muscle crush injury[J].Semin Nephol,1998,18(5):558-565.

[25]PETERS H,NOBLE N A.Dietary L-arginine in renal disease[J].Semin Nephrol,1996,16:567-575.

[26]WAKABAYASHI Y,KIKAWADA R.Effect of L-arginine on myoglobin-induced acute renal failure in the rabbit[J].Am J Physiol,1996,270:F784-789.

[27]SCHWARTZ D,MENDONCA M,SCHWARTZ I,et al.Inhibition of constitutive nitric oxide synthase(NOS)by nitric oxide generated by inducible NOS after lipopolysaccharide administration provokes renal dysfunction in rats[J].J Clin Invest,1997,100:439-448.

免责声明:以上内容源自网络,版权归原作者所有,如有侵犯您的原创版权请告知,我们将尽快删除相关内容。

我要反馈