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椎间盘突出自然吸收的临床意义

时间:2022-03-24 理论教育 版权反馈
【摘要】:椎间盘突出自然吸收的现象在临床诊治中给我们带来了一些新的思索和启迪。对椎间盘自然吸收的研究无疑加深了对椎间盘突出症的整个自然病程认识。这将对椎间盘突出症的非手术疗法产生积极的影响,尤其为临床非手术治疗腰椎间盘突出症提供了有力的依据,是进行非手术治疗的理论基础。有学者认为,对急性腰椎间盘突出症,应先进行系统的非手术治疗两三个月,以待其可能出现自然吸收或缩小。

椎间盘突出自然吸收的现象在临床诊治中给我们带来了一些新的思索和启迪。对椎间盘自然吸收的研究无疑加深了对椎间盘突出症的整个自然病程认识。这将对椎间盘突出症的非手术疗法产生积极的影响,尤其为临床非手术治疗腰椎间盘突出症提供了有力的依据,是进行非手术治疗的理论基础。有研究提示,在游离型椎间盘突出(SQ型)的急性期,因髓核有自然吸收的可能,若无马尾神经受压症状,可首选非手术疗法。对于后纵韧带后脱出型椎间盘突出(TE型),如突出物较大、后纵韧带破裂,则自然吸收的可能性较大;如突出物较小,则自然吸收的可能较小,宜首选非手术疗法。而中央突出型,髓核组织未穿破后纵韧带,一般难以出现自然吸收,须考虑手术治疗。后纵韧带下突出型(SE型)、单纯的凸起型(P型),则应根据病情的轻重选择相应的疗法。

这种现象的出现,对手术治疗腰椎间盘突出提出了更严格的适应证与更高的技术操作要求,因为临床上有大量的经非手术治疗明显好转或治愈的病例。有学者认为,对急性腰椎间盘突出症,应先进行系统的非手术治疗两三个月,以待其可能出现自然吸收或缩小。但是,临床以及MRI影像学研究表明,并不是所有的游离型、后纵韧带后脱出型椎间盘突出都会出现自然吸收或缩小的现象,而且有关突出的椎间盘髓核组织吸收的确切机制及其病理过程、髓核组织的自然病程及其吸收与临床症状表现的确切关系等尚待进一步研究。因此,但对于因马尾神经受压导致的大小便功能异常或足部肌力减弱者,以及疼痛症状长期不缓解者,应及时手术治疗,不能因等待其自然吸收而延误手术时机。

总之,有关腰椎间盘突出后髓核组织自然吸收的发生机制,是一个较新的研究方向,目前虽取得一定的进展,但要将此理论成熟运用于临床上,则有待进一步研究。

(陈鸿辉 白利民)

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