下列例子是英语专业四级模拟题听力部分中一则对话的问题和选项。
① Which is NOT true of the man?
A. He is new in the Department.
B. He gets along well with others.
C. He is in charge of a project.
D. He is from Scotland.
② What is the temperature in Cambridge?
A. 22. B. 23. C. 25. D. 34.
③ What is the best choice for the woman?
A. She should live on campus.
B. She should live with an English family.
C. She should live in the University Society.
D. She should live with friends.
在听前阶段浏览这些问题时，听者已经运用图示理论中的语言图式（指语言学习者已经具备的语音、语调、词汇、成语和语法、句法等方面的语言知识）和内容图示（指语言学习者对语篇主题、题材的认知），对对话的内容和主题有一定合理的猜测：对话内容涉及对话人之一的行为、气温和另一个对话人的选择。通过阅读三个问题和选项，问题中包含的信息已成已知信息，在听录音时有针对性地寻求并获取需要的信息。
根据主位理论，英语小句中的主位取决于讲话者对语气结构的选择。疑问句属于直陈语气，特殊疑问句的主位通常由疑问词本身构成；这三个问都是特殊疑问句，主位和述位如下：
① Which（T）is NOT true of the man（R）?
② What（T）is the temperature in Cambridge（R）?
③ What（T）is the best choice for the woman（R）?
根据三个主位“which”→“what”→“what”，听者预测到对话人会谈及某两件事和哪一件事，同时，三个特殊疑问句中的述位提供了新信息，听力测试者可以预测到对话内容的顺序；男士的行为→气温→女士的选择。在听中阶段，听者利用自上而下的听力模式，注重对话的主题框架，就可以按照预测的背景知识和内容顺序顺利地获取相应的信息，同时，结合选项的内容，用排除法正确做出选择。
问题1是关于“man”的行为，其中一个选项是错的。这个问题出现在对话的开始部分，因此，在听录音时，注意力应集中在“man”的话语中。问题2是关于剑桥大学的气温，会出现在对话的中部。问题3转到了和“woman”相关的话题，信息会呈现在对话的后部。在听录音时，听者应注意听力材料中的主位和述位（已知信息和未知信息）是怎样推进的。
听力材料原文：
M: Oh, hello, Lee Dong. Come (T1) on in, and how (T2) have you been keeping recently?
W: Quite all right, thanks, Dr. Francis. How (T3) is your project going?
M: Very smoothly, I (T4) should say. I (T5)’m playing a consultancy role, really. I (T6) have only been here a month, but I (T7)’m already on very good terms with my colleagues in the Department of Computer Science. Well, I (T8)’m happy that you could come. Do sit down, please.
W: Dr. Francis, do you (T9) know I’ve got a chance to go to Cambridge in August? I (T10) wonder if you could tell me something about Britain.
M: Certainly. Well. I (T11) was actually brought up in Scotland. Erm, in fact, I (T12) ’ve never been to Cambridge. But well... yes, I (T13) ’m sure I can give you some useful tips. Now, what (T14) do you want to know, Lee Dong?
W: Things like weather (T15). What (T16)’s the usual temperature there?
M: Mmm, the temperature in Scotland (T17) is 22, or 23 degrees centigrade on average, I think. But Cambridge (T18) would be warmer, around 25, I would guess, because it (T19)’s down south.
W: Oh, that (T20)’s nice. Do you (T21) know it is 34 here? Last year (T22) it reached 39. By the way, where (T23) do you think I should stay?
M: Oh, that (T24)’s important. You (T25) can, er... I suppose, stay in the college-owned flats, which (T26) are often near where you have your classes, and some (T27) are even on the campus. That (T28) would certainly be convenient.
W: Yes, it (T29) would.
M: But it (T30) can also be a disadvantage because you are, in a sense, separate from ordinary society. You (T31) are a language teacher, and I (T32) think learning from society is a valuable experience.
W: Yes, yes, exactly, so what (T33)’s the alternative?
M: Maybe finding an English family (T34). I (T35) know of a student Ali from the Middle East. He (T36) told me that he had learned a lot by staying with a British family.
W: Thank you, I (T37) think it’s quite a good suggestion. By the way, Dr. Francis, do you (T38) think I could...?
在听后阶段根据获取的录音内容（加粗强调文字），选择的正确答案是C、C、B。
听录音时，应将信息获取的重点放置在述位（未知信息）上，综合加工处理获取的信息。听完之后，我们会发现通过综合运用图示理论、自上而下、自下而上模式以及主位、述位理论能成功预测听力对话的语篇结构、语料背景和内容顺序。通过这种综合方法，不仅可以把握语篇的大意，还可以获取信息。
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