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事理说明类

时间:2022-02-25 理论教育 版权反馈
【摘要】:解题分析:第2、3、4题要放在一起思考。

[学习建议:第15天完成]

Section 1:线索定位训练

下面的真题中已将已知线索加粗,主要目标是训练同学们养成寻找已知线索的习惯。

There are times when people are so tired that they fall asleep almost anywhere. We can see there is a lot of sleeping on the bus or train on the 1 home from work in the evenings. A man will be 2 the newspape, and seconds later it 3 as if he is trying to 4 it. Or he will fall asleep on the shoulder of the stranger 5 next to him.  6 place where unplanned short sleep 7 is in the lecture hall where a student will start snoring(打鼾)so 8 that the professor has to ask another student to 9 the sleeper awake. A more embarrassing(尴尬)situation occurs when a student starts falling into sleep and the 10 of the head pushes the arm off the 11 , and the movement carries the 12 of the body along. The student wakes up on the floor with no 13 of getting there. The worst time to fall asleep is when 14 . Police reports are full of 15 that occur when people fall into sleep and go 16 the road. If the drivers are 17 , they are not seriously hurt. One woman's ca,  18 , went into the river. She woke up in four feet of 19 and thought it was raining. When people are really 20 , nothing will stop them from falling asleep—no matter where they are.

1. A. way B. track C. path D. road

2. A. buying B. folding C. delivering D. reading

3. A. acts B. shows C. appears D. sounds

4. A. open B. eat C. find D. finish

5. A. lying B. waiting C. talking D. sitting

6. A. Next B. Every C. Another D. One

7. A. goes on B. ends up C. lasts D. returns

8. A. bravely B. happily C. loudly D. carelessly

9. A. leave B. shake C. keep D. watch

10. A. size B. shape C. weight D. strength

11. A. cushion B. desk C. shoulder D. book

12. A. action B. position C. rest D. side

13. A. memory B. reason C. question D. purpose

14. A. thinking B. working C. walking D. driving

15. A. changes B. events C. ideas D. accidents

16. A. up B. off C. along D. down

17. A. lucky B. awake C. calm D. strong

18. A. in time B. at first C. as usual D. for example

19. A. dust B. water C. grass D. bush

20. A. tired B. drunk C. lonely D. lazy

Section 2:答案详解

文章大意:当人们过度疲劳时,无论在哪里,他们都能睡着。本文列举了各种场合下人们无意识睡着的场景,同时也告诉我们有时候这种情况是很危险的,特别是在开车的时候。

1. 【答案】A

选项翻译:A. 道路;B. 轨道;C. 小路;D. 公路

解题分析:考查固定搭配与上下文语义逻辑。根据空格后的from work可知,此处表达的意思是“在下班回家的路上睡着了”。on the way home是固定搭配,意为“在回家的路上”,所以选A。

2. 【答案】D

选项翻译:A. 购买;B. 折叠;C. 投递;D. 阅读

解题分析:第2、3、4题要放在一起思考。根据前后语义逻辑可知,一位男士正在读报纸,几秒钟后又似乎在想要……报纸,要表达的意思是“他的脸与报纸的距离越来越近,看着看着就要睡着了”,所以正确答案为D。

3. 【答案】C

选项翻译:A. 行动;B. 展示;C. 看上去;D. 听起来

解题分析:根据前后语义逻辑可知,此处意为“一位男士正在看报纸,几秒钟后看上去像在试图……报纸”,现实情况应该是他的脸与报纸的距离越来越近,读着读着就要睡着了,所以正确答案为C。

4. 【答案】B

选项翻译:A. 打开;B. 吃掉;C. 找到,发现;D. 完成

解题分析:根据下文的Or he will fall asleep on the shoulder of the stranger可知,那位看报纸的男士看着看着几乎要睡着了,脸与报纸的距离越来越近,好像在试图“吃”报纸,所以正确答案为B。

5. 【答案】D

选项翻译:A. 躺着;B. 等待;C. 谈话;D. 坐着

解题分析:根据上文信息there is a lot of sleeping on the bus or train可知,此处应该是说有人在公共汽车或火车上靠着坐在旁边的陌生人的肩膀睡着了,所以正确答案为D。

6. 【答案】C

选项翻译:A. 下一个;B. 每一个;C. 另一个;D. 一个

解题分析:根据前后语义逻辑可知,上文说人们容易在下班后乘坐的公交车或者火车上睡着,接下来又列举了学生在演讲厅睡着的例子,another表示“另一个”,符合语义,所以正确答案为C。

7. 【答案】A

选项翻译:A. 继续;发生;B. 结束;C. 持续;D. 返还

解题分析:根据前后语义逻辑可知,还有一个例子发生在演讲厅,在这里,学生们会不经意地睡着,分析各选项,goes on用在此处语义最合适,所以正确答案为A。

8. 【答案】C

选项翻译:A. 勇敢地;B. 开心地;C. 大声地;D. 粗心地

解题分析:根据上文信息a student will start snoring和下文信息the professor has to ask another student to…the sleeper awake可知,这名学生不经意地睡着,打起鼾,教授让其他学生把他叫醒,既然教授都听到了,说明这名学生发出的鼾声很大,所以正确答案为C。

9. 【答案】B

选项翻译:A. 离开;B. 摇动;C. 保持;D. 观看

解题分析:根据前后语义逻辑可知,因为这名学生的鼾声很大,影响了教授讲课,所以教授让其他学生叫醒他,正确答案为B。

10. 【答案】C

选项翻译:A. 尺寸;B. 形状;C. 重量;D. 力量

解题分析:根据下文信息the head pushes the arm off可知,这名学生不经意地睡着,应该是无意识的情况下,头的重量把胳膊推离了……,所以正确答案为C。

11. 【答案】B

选项翻译:A. 垫子;B. 桌子;C. 肩膀;D. 书籍

解题分析:根据上文信息a student starts falling into sleep可知,学生在上课时睡着了,那么应该是趴在课桌上睡着的,而睡着后,头的重量把胳膊推离了桌子,所以正确答案为B。

12. 【答案】C

选项翻译:A. 行动;B. 位置;C. 剩余部分;D. 旁边

解题分析:根据下文信息The student wakes up on the floor可知,学生醒来的时候是在地上,说明除了头和胳膊之外,身体的其他部位也从桌上滑落下来,整个人倒在地上,所以正确答案为C。

13. 【答案】A

选项翻译:A. 记忆;B. 理由;C. 问题;D. 目的

解题分析:根据前后语义逻辑可知,这名学生在无意识的情况下睡着,并且在沉睡的过程中身体脱离课桌,醒来之后发现自己躺在地上,却记不起来为什么会睡在地上,所以正确答案为A。

14. 【答案】D

选项翻译:A. 思考;B. 工作;C. 步行,散步;D. 驾驶

解题分析:根据下文信息the roa, the driver, one woman's car可知,这里谈论的场景应该和驾驶有关,说最坏的情况就是在路上开车的时候睡着,所以正确答案为D。

15. 【答案】D

选项翻译:A. 改变;B. 事件;C. 想法;D. 事故

解题分析:根据上文信息people fall into sleep可知,司机在路上开车时睡着会引发交通事故,所以正确答案为D。

16. 【答案】B

选项翻译:A. 向上;B. 离开;C. 沿着;D. 向下

解题分析:根据上文信息people fall into sleep可知,如果司机在路上开车时睡着,车就会偏离公路,所以正确答案为B。

17. 【答案】A

选项翻译:A. 幸运的;B. 醒着的;C. 平静的;D. 强壮的

解题分析:根据下文信息they are not seriously hurt可知,受伤不严重应该是幸运的状况,所以正确答案为A。

18. 【答案】D

选项翻译:A. 及时;B. 首先;C. 像往常一样;D. 举例来说

解题分析:根据前后语义逻辑可知,此处讲了一名女司机开车时睡着的事,是举例说明开车时睡着的危险性。所以正确答案为D。

19. 【答案】B

选项翻译:A. 尘土;B. 水;C. 草;D. 灌木

解题分析:根据上文信息went into the river可知,这名女司机睡着后把车开进了河里,醒来之后应该是在四英尺深的水里,所以正确答案为B。

20. 【答案】A

选项翻译:A. 疲惫的;B. 喝醉的;C. 孤独的;D. 懒的

解题分析:考查原词重现和上下文语义逻辑。文章在首句就指出There are times when people are so tired that they fall asleep almost anywher, 首尾呼应,所以正确答案为A。

Section 1:真题精练

阅读下面短文,掌握其大意,然后从各题所给出的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。

We all know that some things are obviously right. For exampl, it is right to be 1 to other people. It is also right to look after the environment. Some things are 2 wron, too. For instanc, we should not hurt or bully(欺负)other, nor should we litter. Rules often tell us what is right or wrong.

Rules can help the public make the right 3 , and remain safe. Car drivers have to obey traffic regulations that tell them the right things to do on the road to avoid crashes. Cyclists who give signals before turning or stopping help prevent 4 .

If people follow rules without taking other matters into consideratio, it will be 5 for them to form what is sometimes called a"black and white"view. For exampl, they may believe that people should always tell the trut, and that lying is 6 acceptable. Such people always stick to their view, even if it means that they may get into 7 .

Sometimes it may not be so easy to know 8 what is right or wrong. Some people choose not to eat meat because they believe that it is 9 to eat animal, but others argue that they can eat meat and 10 be kind to animals;some insist that stealing is always wron, but others think that one does not need to feel so 11 when stealing some food to ea, if he lives in a really poor area and he is 12 .

Rules help us live together in harmon, because they show us the right way to 13 others. Howeve, some people argue that rules may be 14 , having observed that rules change all the tim, and that some schools have some regulations and others have different ones—so who is to 15 what is right?

1. A. kind B. sensitive C. fair D. generous

2. A. equally B. slightly C. clearly D. increasingly

3. A. suggestions B. conclusions C. turns D. choices

4. A. accidents B. mistakes C. falls D. deaths

5. A. interesting B. vital C. easy D. valuable

6. A. seldom B. rarely C. merely D. never

7. A. trouble B. power C. prison D. control

8. A. roughly B. eventually C. deliberately D. exactly

9. A. awful B. cruel C. unhealthy D. unnecessary

10. A. still B. even C. later D. somehow

11. A. nervous B. anxious C. afraid D. guilty

12. A. begging B. starving C. growing D. wandering

13. A. follow B. instruct C. treat D. protect

14. A. disgusting B. confusing C. unsafe D. unimportant

15. A. predict B. explain C. decide D. consider

Section 2:答案详解

文章大意:我们都知道什么是明显的对或错,但是有时候要区分对与错也是不容易的。规章制度帮助我们区分对与错,但是规章制度本身也在不断变化。

1. 【答案】A

选项翻译:A. 友好的;B. 敏感的;C. 公平的;D. 慷慨的

解题分析:考查上下文反义逻辑。根据上文信息some things are obviously right和下文信息Some things are…wron, too. For instanc, we should not hurt or bully others可知,前后的语义相反,与hurt or bully others意义相反的是be kind to other peopl, 所以正确答案为A。

2. 【答案】C

选项翻译:A. 平等地;B. 轻微地;C. 清晰地,明显地;D. 渐增地

解题分析:考查同义重现。根据上文信息some things are obviously right可知,此处应填一个与obviously意思相近的词,clearly意为“清晰地,明显地”,所以正确答案为C。

3. 【答案】D

选项翻译:A. 建议;B. 结论;C. 转动;转弯;D. 选择

解题分析:考查举例说明。根据下文信息Car drivers have to obey traffic regulations that tell them the right things to do on the road to avoid crashes可知,交通规则告诉人们在路上应该怎么安全行驶,即做出正确的行为“选择”,所以正确答案为D。

4. 【答案】A

选项翻译:A. 事故;B. 错误;C. 坠落;D. 死亡

解题分析:考查同义重现。根据上文信息avoid crashes可知,此处需要填入与crash词义相似的词,撞车是一种“事故”,所以正确答案为A。

5. 【答案】C

选项翻译:A. 有趣的;B. 重要的;C. 容易的;D. 有价值的

解题分析:考查原词重现。根据前后语义逻辑可知,如果人们只是遵守规则而不考虑其他因素的话,他们就很“容易”形成一种“非黑即白”观念,下段首句中也提到了eas, 所以正确答案为C。

6. 【答案】D

选项翻译:A. 很少,不常;B. 稀少;C. 仅仅;D. 决不

解题分析:考查上下文反义逻辑。tell the truth与lying相对,而与always相对的应该是neve, 所以正确答案为D。

7. 【答案】A

选项翻译:A. 麻烦;B. 权力;C. 监狱;D. 控制

解题分析:根据前后语义逻辑可知,坚持自己观点的人有时可能会惹上“麻烦”,所以正确答案为A。

8. 【答案】D

选项翻译:A. 粗糙地;B. 最终;C. 故意地;D. 准确地

解题分析:考查举例论证。根据下面的例子可知,有时很难“严格地”区分正确与错误,所以正确答案为D。

9. 【答案】B

选项翻译:A. 糟糕的;B. 残忍的,无情的;C. 不健康的;D. 没必要的

解题分析:考查上下文反义逻辑。由后文的but可知,前后语义相反,所以此空格处应填与下文中kind相反的词,cruel与kind意思相反,因此正确答案为B。

10. 【答案】A

选项翻译:A. 仍然;B. 甚至;C. 以后;D. 在某种程度上

解题分析:根据前后语义逻辑可知,有些人认为吃肉与善待动物并不冲突,就算吃肉也仍然能善待动物,所以正确答案为A。

11. 【答案】D

选项翻译:A. 紧张的;B. 焦虑的;C. 害怕的;D. 有罪的,愧疚的

解题分析:根据but可知,后半句与上半句所表达的内容应该相反,上半句说some insist that stealing is always wron, 后半句应该是表达偷食物吃不必有很深的愧疚感,所以正确答案为D。

12. 【答案】B

选项翻译:A. 乞求;B. 挨饿;C. 成长;D. 漫步

解题分析:考查同义重现。根据上文信息stealing some food to eat和lives in a really poor area可知,住在很贫穷的地方并且偷食物吃的人应该是处于贫穷且挨饿的状态,所以正确答案为B。

13. 【答案】C

选项翻译:A. 跟随;B. 指导;C. 对待;D. 保护

解题分析:考查因果逻辑。根据上下文语义可知,规章制度之所以有助于人们和睦相处,是因为它向我们说明了对待他人的正确方式,所以正确答案为C。

14. 【答案】B

选项翻译:A. 令人厌恶的;B. 令人困惑的;C. 不安全的;D. 不重要的

解题分析:根据下文信息that some schools have some regulations and others have different ones可知,规章制度因地而异,也可能是“令人困惑的”,所以正确答案为B。

15. 【答案】C

选项翻译:A. 预言;B. 解释;C. 决定;D. 考虑

解题分析:根据前后语义逻辑可知,此处提出疑问:既然不同学校有不同的规章制度,那么该由谁来“决定”什么是正确的呢?所以正确答案为C。

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