写作中常见的语言错误

要想做到“清楚、连贯地传递信息，表达意思”，考生需要总结反思自己在写作中常犯的语言错误，进行有针对性的练习，避免出现语法错误或表达不准确的问题。只要考生有意识地关注自己的语言表达，进行适当的训练提高自己的语言质量，就能在高考写作中获得理想的分数。

下面列举考生在写作中经常出现的问题及解决问题的方法。

1. 单词拼写错误（括号内为正确拼写）

◆ 双写：writting (writing); writen (written); unforgettable (unforgettable); begining (beginning);

◆ 动词过去式、过去分词：sitted (sat); bursted (burst); spreaded (spread)

◆ 拼写失误：dilevered (delivered); recieved (received); competation (competition); convinient (convenient); enviornment (environment)； excitment (excitement); ture (true)

◆ 名词单复数：informations, advices（不可数名词，不应加s）

为避免出现单词拼写错误，考生应加强写作常用词汇的默写练习，尤其要多进行不规则动词表和高频词的复习。

2. 词性不分

有些考生在背单词的时候，只记中文意思，不关注词性，这就会造成在写作中出现词性误用的问题。

◆ every day （作状语）/everyday (adj.)

◆ hard work (n.)/hardworking (adj.)

◆ advice (n.)/advise (v.)

success (n.)/succeed (v.)

◆ applause (n.)/applaud (v.)

◆ I'm really appreciated (×) it if you could ... （应为I really appreciate it ...）

◆ Under the teacher's guide （应为 guidance）

◆ Due to my careless, I lost my bag ... （应为carelessness）

◆ Seeing the smile on their faces, we all felt a sense of content. （应为contentment）

考生进行词汇复习时，一定不能忽视了词性，可通过积累单词的派生词来提高 “词性意识”，区分其用法。

3. 自造词

词汇量少的考生在遇到自己不知道的词汇时，有时候会想“耍点儿小聪明”，利用自己已有的知识，创造一些词汇，企图“蒙混过关”，结果闹出大笑话。

◆ The representors of students and parents also gave speeches. (“代表” 应为representative)

◆ I went back home to take the sweeper (“扫帚” 应为broom) to clean the snow on the road.

想要避免这类错误的唯一办法，就是扩大词汇量，努力背单词。

4. 冠词缺失或多余

不定冠词“a/an” 和定冠词 “the” 在写作中的使用一直容易被考生忽视。由于中文里没有冠词这个概念，因此，受中文思维的影响，考生经常在写作中遗漏冠词。

◆ We gathered in school auditorium. （应加冠词the, 或者加our）

◆ I gave him some gifts with Chinese elements, such as a Beijing Opera mask and a Chinese knot. （这里的冠词a一定不能丢）

◆ search for information on internet （应为 on the Internet）

◆ I would like to introduce my favorite festival — Spring Festival to you. （传统节日前应加the）

◆ get close to the nature （大自然，前不加冠词）

◆ make a great progress （progress为不可数名词，不能加a）

◆ make contributions to the society （society“社会”，习惯上不加冠词）

如果考生想要避免这类错误，头脑中要有冠词的概念，铭记：可数名词一定不可以单独使用，必须加冠词（或代词、数词等修饰语）或者用复数，不可数名词前不能用a/an。此外，还要结合“冠词”语法学习，熟记一些常用的搭配。

5. 中式英语表达

考生的语言储备不够时，很容易在写作中用中文思维来组织语言，表达自己想说的话，这必然会造成各种让人啼笑皆非的Chinglish（中式英语）表达。

◆ I have a heavy/high stress study/My study is nervous. （学习压力大/学习紧张）

（正确表达：I am under a lot of pressure due to the upcoming test./There's a lot of pressure on me studying for the test.）

◆ Although I am busy studying every day, I still spend some time to run laps to keep health. （跑圈）

（正确表达：Although I am busy studying every day, I still spend some time running to keep healthy.）

◆ The doctor gave the dog some needles. （给流浪狗打针）

（正确表达：The doctor gave the dog an injection.）

◆ When having the meal, elderly people conclude the past year and welcome the next year. （总结过去的一年）

（正确表达：When having the meal, elderly people say goodbye to the past year and welcome the next year.）

◆ On arrival, we got down to setting an inquiry stand on the inside of the pavement. （摆好咨询台）

（正确表达：On arrival, we got down to laying a table on the pavement, ready to help.）

◆ We decided to point out the way for passengers. （给路人指路）

（正确表达：We decided to give help to those who lost their way, telling them how to reach their destinations.）

◆ Time passed by quickly and the day began to dark. （天开始变黑）

（正确表达：Time passing by quickly, the sun sank below the horizon.）

为了避免诸如以上列举的中式英语表达错误，考生需要扩大词汇量，还需要多从原汁原味的英文文章中积累地道的表达，例如，多读夹叙夹议的故事（如《心灵鸡汤》），或者读一些与社会、文化等话题相关的文章，都会对提升高考英语作文的书面表达能力有所帮助。

6. 用词不当

考生写作中对词汇的选择有时候也会受到中文思维的影响，只记得单词的中文意思，但并不明白这个单词在什么情况下使用恰当，就会出现用词不当的错误。

◆ Last morning, I forgot （应改为left） my bag on the bus by mistake. Soon after, he sent （应改为returned） the bag to me.

◆ appreciate （欣赏风景最好用admire/enjoy） the view along the road

◆ The drama club has won lots of municipal prizes （应改为prizes throughout the city/prizes citywide）.

◆ The phenomenon （应改为atmosphere） is so warm that I like it very much.

◆ My school life is substantial. （应改为My school life is colorful./I enjoy what I do every day/I live my life to the fullest ...）

若要做到词汇选择得当，考生需要多关注字典中词汇的英文释义和例句，并在日常的学习中，不断积累。

7. 搭配不当

◆ I'm sorry I can't join/take part in (×) your birthday party this Saturday. （应改为come to/make it to/attend）

◆ join in/take part in (×) the club/camp （应改为join）

◆ I hope you to (×) have a good time at the party. （英语习惯上不用hope sb. to do sth., 应改为I hope (that) you can have a good time .../I wish you a good time ...）

◆ I suggest you to (×) visit the Great Wall ... （应改为I suggest that you (should) visit ....）

◆ The price of the courses is not very expensive (×) （应改为high）.

◆ We need to make contributions to protect (×) （应改为to protecting） our environment.

避免这种问题的办法是：多查词典，了解固定搭配，多积累用法。

8. 介词使用不当

英语中的介词搭配比较琐碎，是个难点，很容易出现错误。

◆ Besides study, there are various of activities I can do to get myself relaxed. (various+名词，不需要介词，或改成a variety of activities)

◆ I can accompany with you throughout the whole day. （accompany为及物动词，应直接加宾语）

◆ If you have any questions, please contact with me. （contact为及物动词，应直接加宾语）

◆ The Chinese knot is made by red strings. （应改为of, be made of ...“由……制成”）

◆ We decided to make our Hanfu by newspapers. （应改为with，表示使用的材料）

◆ You can even paint a mask by your own hands. （应改为with, with one's own hands“亲手”，还可以表达为by oneself）

◆ The winter camp can provide you an opportunity to get a better understanding of Chinese culture. (provide的用法应为：provide sb. with sth./offer sb. sth.)

与介词相关的习惯用法很多，这就要求考生必须注重日常积累，丰富自己的词汇储备。

9. 各种“不一致”

在写作中，考生经常会出现几类“不一致”的问题：

1）主谓不一致

◆ There were （应为was） a row of bicycles parked beside the wall.

◆ We came up with many good ideas which was （应为were） very helpful to our design.

写作时，只要用心留意主语的单复数形式，就可以避免这类问题。

2）时态不一致

◆ We arrived at the crossroads and get down to our work. （应改为got）

◆ We were proud that we have helped（应改为had helped）many people.

使用谓语动词时，需要考虑动作发生的时间和方式。

3）非谓语的逻辑主语与句子主语不一致

◆ Sitting off the stage, my heart couldn't help beating fast. (×)

◆ Reading the letter, past scenes came into sight. (×)

◆ Reading the letter which included the love and expectation of my parents, tears rolled down my face. (×)

以上三个非谓语的逻辑主语都应该是“人”。动词的非谓语形式做状语时，需要考虑其和句子主语之间的关系。

4）代词指代不一致

◆ We searched some information on the Internet and wrote them down. （应改为it，指代不可数名词information）

◆ Some people who lost his way came to us for help. （应改为their）

◆ We prepared some maps of Beijing for people who needed it. （应改为them）

使用代词时，需要思考一下所用代词指代上文中提到的哪个单词、短语或句子，以避免出错。

10. 非谓语动词使用错误

非谓语动词的应用在高考写作中是非常重要的，也是考生们经常被鼓励去使用的写作手法。但如果对非谓语动词的语法要点掌握得不够熟练，造成使用不当，反而会“搬起石头砸了自己的脚”。

◆ I always dream to be a doctor after graduated from college. （应改为after graduating from .../after I graduate from ...）

◆ There were many people waited in line to get the rental card. （应改为There were many people waiting .../There were many people who waited ...）

◆ We gathered in the classroom and having a discussion about what we should do. （应改为..., having a discussion/... and had a discussion）

想要熟练运用非谓语动词，考生需要认真学习语法，并通过实例体会其用法，从而使学会正确应用。

11. 句式错误

考生在写作中经常会出现各种各样的句式错误。

◆ My bag which contained my passport, visiting card, and camera. （句子缺谓语，去掉which）

◆ We had a heated discussion about what should we do on the International Volunteer Day. （宾语从句的语序错误，应为what we should do ...）

◆ Time went by, our activity came to an end. （英语中复杂句的组成部分要么是互为并列句（由and, but, so 等连接），要么构成复合句（其中一部分作为主句，其他部分均以从句形式出现，如定语从句、状语从句或名词性从句），因而此处不能只用“，”连接，应改为：只含一个谓语的简单句Time going by, ...，或and连接的并列句Time went by and our ....，或表示原因的复合句As time went by, our ...）

◆ Finally it came to the big day. （应改为：Finally the big day came.或Then/There came the big day.）

◆ Hardly had I arrived home than I began to turn on my computer to search for information about the rental service. （句中than应改成when，注意句型搭配 hardly ...when ...）

◆ No sooner had we arrived, we started to make preparations. （应改为No sooner had we arrived than we ...，注意句型搭配 no sooner ... than ...）

◆ Seeing them left with a smile on their faces, we felt a sense of achievement. （应改为Seeing them leave/leaving .... 或 Seeing (that) they left ...）

语法在写作中起着非常重要的作用，没有足够的语法基础，尤其是动词的用法，就无法写出正确的句子。因此，考生需要熟练掌握基本的语法知识，用正确的表达方式准确传递信息和表达观点。

12. 语言逻辑混乱

厘清语言逻辑，是更高层次的语言要求。在语言准确的基础上，想要获得更高的分数，考生要特别关注语言逻辑，保证自己的文章逻辑清晰。产生语言逻辑问题的原因，一是考生本身思维混乱，想到哪里写到哪里，没有规划；二是考生思维跳跃，省略了一些必要信息，从而使得表达意思不明。以下例子中，语言逻辑均有问题。

◆ Afterwards, the teacher handed us the letters written by our own parents which carried the deepest love and the most inspiring wishes in the world. With tears rolling down, we swore an oath to show our loyalty to our country and life.

◆ Knowing that you travelled a long distance to our activities, I would like to give you a brief introduction on the most popular club in our school.

以上例子中的句子之间都没有必然的逻辑关系，读起来很别扭，原因是考生没有考虑句子间的逻辑关系。为了避免这种情况的发生，考生要养成给自己的文章列提纲的习惯，想象一下真实生活中动作之间的关系和正常的情感反应，想好自己的文章内容应该怎样一步步展开，并且学会使用表达逻辑关系的连接词，时刻提醒自己关注语言逻辑。