发展性作业和综合性作业的认识与实践

天二小学　李昕燕

有效作业应体现在作业的合理分层上,我们在实践中探索了模仿性作业、发展性作业和综合性作业的做法,并不断总结、反思、改进,以期能让各类分层作业有效发挥实效,促进学业水平提升。

一、模仿性作业、发展性作业和综合性作业的认识

(一)英语模仿性作业

模仿性作业是所有作业设计中最基本、最简单的一种设计。它能使学生有效地巩固所学的单词、词组、句型、短文等知识,它属于一种比较机械的练习,有时甚至就是简单的重复,学生往往不喜欢这类作业。在英语教学中模仿性作业还是比较常用的,模仿性作业是其他类型作业设计的基础。例如,在1A M1U1中教师进行morning一词的教学,在听录音后,先请学生看教师的嘴型进行模仿,然后请学生模仿录音中人物说,这就是我们平时在课中作业阶段用到的最初级的模仿性作业。随着学生年龄的增长和知识的不断积累,教师设计的模仿性作业也随之多样化。如仿照例子说词组、说句子,根据所学的儿歌来创编新的儿歌,仿照例文写一写等。这一层次的模仿性作业通过新知识的再现,促使知识的内化,也就是我们常说的“举一反三”,从“识记”层次提高到“理解”层次。

(二)英语发展性作业

发展性作业是既可以检测学生的学习情况,巩固复习所学的知识,又可以提高学生的学习兴趣,将所学的知识与实践联系起来,并对将来的学习有帮助的作业。发展性作业的设计要求教师对学生所掌握的知识程度和运用知识的能力有充分了解,根据学生的兴趣和知识结构,贴近学生的“最近发展区”,让学生能够“跳一跳,摘到桃”。这类作业稍有变化,比教学内容稍有发展的作业能检查学生对知识的掌握程度和运用知识的能力,以达到“掌握”的层次。

(三)英语综合性作业

英语综合性作业是以英语学科为主体,融合和渗透了美术、自然、音乐、体育、劳技等其他学科知识,对巩固学生英语学习效果、提高英语综合学习水平和能力很有帮助。英语的综合性作业常常是围绕某个主题,设计与某一生活主题相关的一组作业,学生可以在过程的体验中激发兴趣,开发智力,拓展知识面,培养独立分析问题和解决问题的能力,形成分析问题和解决问题的能力。学生在完成英语综合作业的同时,对其本身“用英语做事情的能力”也是一种促进和提高。这类作业可以检查学生对新知识掌握的深度和灵活运用知识的能力,以达到“运用”的层次。

二、模仿性作业、发展性作业和综合性作业的实践

(一)模仿性作业设计

(二)发展性作业设计

Do a survey: Find the changes of your friend. And then write about the changes.

(三)综合性作业设计

作业名称:Feelings and emotions

教材内容:

•3BM1U2 Touching and feeling.

•3BM1U3 Tasting and feeling.

•4AM1U3 How do you feel?

•4BM1U1 What can you smell and taste?

•4BM1U2 How does it feel?

作业目标:

•巩固有关感觉和情感的语言知识。

•引导学生激发各种感官,发现生活中的乐趣。

作业准备:

•积累巩固各种感觉和情感的名称。

•初步认识自己的感受。

作业设计:

I.Feelings

1.Look and write(请看图写出小朋友感觉的单词)

2.Think and write(请根据实际情况填一填,尽量不要重复)

(1) I can___with my ? .Pineapples are____and ___.Bananas are___and___.

(2) I can___with my ?.___are loud.___are quiet.

(3) I can___with my ?.___are nice.___are smelly.

(4) I can___with my ?.___ar re small.___are tall.___are short.___are fat.__are thin.___are sharp.___are blunt.___are thick.__are thin.

(5) I can ___with my ?.___are .___are bitter.___are sour.___are salty.

3.Let's go to the supermarket(超市里,有好看的,好玩的,好吃的,让我们调动起我们的感官,出发吧!)

It's ____Supermarket.There are a lot of things in it.

In the fruit area, there are____,___,___and_____.I like____. Touch the____. They're____.Smell them, They're_____.Taste them.They would be_____.

In the snack area, there are___,___,___and___.My favourite is____.They are____.

They are____.

Let's go to the toy area.That's my favourite place.I can see____,_ ___,___and____.Look at the____.___.___.

II. Read and write(读读故事,感受一下故事中人物的感觉吧!)

I am happy!

Tweet! Tweet!I am happy! I am a bird.I am small and lovely.I like singing beautiful songs.I can fly in the sky.I love the blue sky.

Moo! Moo! I am happy! I am a cow. I am black and white. I like walking on the grass. I can make milk for people.I love the green grass.

Quack! Quack! I am happy I am a duckling.I am yellow and fat.I like playing with water.I can swim fast in the river.

I love the clean river.

Screech!Screech!I am happy!I am a monkey.I am brown and smart.I like swinging from tree to tree.I can hang with my tail.I love the wonderful forest.

(1) Do T or F(判断,用T或F表示).

(　)①The bird is small and lovely.

(　)②The cow likes walking in the forest.

(　)③The duckling can play with water.

(　)④The monkey likes swimming.

(　)⑤Every animal likes his life.

(2) Match(把动词与相应的短语配对).

①sing________　A.milk for people

②make_______　B.beautiful songs

③play________　C.with his tail

④hang_______　D.with water

(3) Draw and write(请描写一种快乐的动物).

_____!______!

I am a/ an____.

I am happy!

I am_____.

I like______.

I can______.

I love______.

III.Read and write(爱玩的你肯定去过公园,在公园里,你感觉怎样?)

A boring day

It's a sunny day. The wind blows. The birds are singing.Grandma and I are in the park.I want to play around in the park.Grandma, however, says, “Sit here.Listen to me.Don't run.Don't jump.Don't climb the tree.Don't sit on the grass.Don't play with the dogs.Don't play with water.Don't go to the playground.Don't feed the fish...”

“So what can I do in this beautiful park?”I ask Grandma.

“Just follow me, Peter. You can see with your eyes. You can hear with your ears.Enjoy the park with your eyes and ears,”answers Grandma.

Ah—what a boring day!I want to say goodbye to the park.

(1) Read and answer(阅读故事,回答问题)

How is the weather?

___________

Where are Peter and his Grandma?

_____________

How does Peter feel? Why?

____________________

(2) Fill in the blanks(阅读故事,根据内容填空)

It's a___day.Peter and his Grandma are in the____.Peter feels____.Because he can't______________or___.But he can____and____.

(3) Think and write(请想一想,你度过的一天是怎样的)

A___day in the___

It's a___day.The sky is____.The sun is____. ______________________________.

I am in the___with __._________________________________________.

What a____day!

IV.Read and write(小朋友们都喜欢过节,过节的感觉怎样?)

Happy Halloween!

Do you know pumpkins? They're orange.They're round and flat.Children like to play with them.Why? How to play with them?Look,a pumpkin can be a Jack-o'-lantern!

On Halloween, children make Jack-o'-lanterns. They carve happy or sad faces or scared faces on big pumpkins, and then put candles in it.

Hanging a Jack-o'-lantern and putting on costumes, children knock on other people's doors and shout“Trick or treat”.Usually, the one in the house will give these children a“treat”, such as sweets and chocolates. But if he doesn't, children will play a trick on him!

When is Halloween?It's on October 31st.Happy Halloween!

(1) Fill in the blanks(根据短文内容填空)

Halloween is on______.

A Jack-o'-lantern is made of a ____.

There is a______a Jack-o'-lantern.

The famous game at Halloween is“____”.

Children can get ___or ___in the game.

Children feel ____at Halloween.

(2) Number the sentences(请用1～5给制作南瓜灯的过程编号)

____cut out the top of the pumpkin

____carve a happy or sad or scared face

____choose a pumpkin

____gut(掏空)the pumpkin

____put a candle into the pumpkin

(3) Think and write(在这么多的节日里,你有什么活动,心情又如何呢?)

___is on___.It's a____festival.

Before this festival, I______.

On this day, I____________.

_______________________.

设计说明:

由于年龄特征,学生往往能感受到每个事物的不同,但他们却难以用语言来形容。本作业则从生活入手,以故事的形式,设计不同形式的作业,帮助学生积累归纳已学的表示感受和情感的词汇,并在不同的语言情境中运用语言。也引导学生在完成作业的同时,激发他们调动各种感官,认识自己和身边的各类事物。