交流互鉴，合作共赢

2005年6月1日，西雅图

Promote Exchanges，Mutual Learning and Win-win Cooperation

Speech at China-US University Presidents Forum Seattle，June 1，2005

场景再现

西雅图中美大学校长论坛是中美大学间首次进行大规模的高层主管集体对话。来自中国北京大学、人民大学、南开大学、厦门大学、山东大学、武汉大学、四川大学等54所高校和美国莱斯大学、华盛顿大学、得州大学达拉斯分校、犹他大学、宾夕法尼亚大学、南卡罗来纳大学等48所大学的负责人与会。双方就中美两国大学的交流与合作、全球化过程中的高等教育等议题进行了研讨。

我重点向与会者介绍了我们对中美关系的看法。

演讲文稿

Feng Jun博士，Da Hsuan Feng博士，曹国兴司长，各位嘉宾，女士们、先生们：

首先，衷心感谢大家出席中美大学校长论坛（1）。我很高兴来到西雅图，与来自太平洋地区的著名大学校长们见面。

中美教育交流与合作作为中美关系的一个重要组成部分，对于增进中美两国人民的相互理解和友谊意义重大。

近年来，在双方的共同努力下，中美教育交流发展迅速（2）。截至2003年，来美留学的中国学生人数已达30多万，到中国大陆学习的美国学生人数也已超过万人，而且这一数字还在逐年增加。

Dr.Feng Jun，Dr.Da Hsuan Feng，Director General Cao Guoxing，Distinguished guests，Ladies and Gentlemen，

Let me begin by expressing my heartfelt thanks to you all for attending the China-US University Presidents Forum（1）.It is indeed a great pleasure to be here in Seattle and meet such a distinguished group of presidents of universities across the Pacific.

As an important part of the bilateral relationship，the educational exchanges and cooperation between China and the United States are of major significance to greater mutual understanding and friendship between the peoples of our two countries.

In recent years，thanks to the joint efforts of both sides，China-US educational exchanges have been growing fast（2）.By the year 2003，more than 300，000 Chinese students and scholars have studied in the United States，and now over 10,000 American students study in China’s mainland every year and the number is growing .

如今，中美教育部门代表团每年来往于太平洋两岸，大学校际交流蓬勃发展。语言是交流的工具。在语言教学方面，2003年12月，美国大学委员会将中文列入AP项目；2004年11月，马里兰大学成立孔子学院；即使在中国西部亦随处可见在华教授英语的美国老师。

事实证明，教育交流与合作在中美人民之间架起了桥梁，有效地促进了中美关系。我相信，在今后的岁月里，中美在教育交流与合作方面将取得更大的成就。

下面，请允许我从四个方面谈一谈中美关系。

首先，中美关系可以说是世界上最重要的双边关系之一。之所以重要，是因为美国是世界上最大的发达国家，中国是世界上最大的发展中国家；两国人口加起来大约有16亿；两国都是联合国安理会常任理事国。

我记得上星期四递交国书时，布什总统对我说：“中国是一个伟大的国家，美中关系非常重要。我和美国政府十分重视发展美中关系。世界上有许多事情需要美中两国良好合作。”

Nowadays，delegations from departments of education of both countries come back and forth across the Pacific each year and the university-to-university exchanges are booming.Language is a medium for communication.The Chinese language teaching is making headway in the United States，with the Chinese language added to the AP program by the US College Board in December 2003 and the Confucius Institute established at the University of Maryland in November 2004.Meanwhile，in China，you can easily find American teachers teaching English even in the west part of the country.

Past experience shows that exchanges and cooperation in education serve as a bridge between Chinese and American peoples and an effective way to promote the overall China-US relations.I am confident that our two countries will make greater achievements in this field in the years to come.

Now，if I may，I would like to share with you the following four points about China-US relations：

First，it is fair to say that China-US relationship is one of the most important bilateral relationships in the world.It is important because the United States is the biggest developed country in the world and China is the biggest developing country in the world；the two countries have between them a population of about 1.6 billion；and both countries are permanent members of the United Nations Security Council.

I remember when I presented my credentials to President Bush last Thursday，the President told me that China was a great country and that US-China relationship was very important.He also said that he and the US government attached importance to developing US-China relations and that many things in the world required good cooperation between the United States and China.

自1979年中美建立外交关系以来，在两国政府和人民的共同努力下，我们克服了各种困难，双方合作取得了历史性的进步。更重要的是，两国的共同利益不断增加，越来越多的人已经认识到中美关系的重要性，并致力于将中美关系做大做强。

回顾历史，中美之间的合作领域十分广阔，打击恐怖主义、防止大规模杀伤性武器扩散、打击有组织犯罪、应对非传统安全威胁，如此种种，不一而足（3）。展望未来，我更深感中美应坚持建设性合作关系（4）。

一个良好稳定的中美关系符合两国和两国人民的根本利益，对于世界的和平、稳定和繁荣至关重要。中国和美国在很多方面都能合作，共同创造更加美好的世界。

美方有人出于这样或那样的理由，对中国的发展心存误解。有些人甚至声称，中国的发展定将导致军事扩张，中国正在走上与美国冲突的道路，中国对美国的利益是个威胁。

Since the establishment of diplomatic relations in 1979，our two governments and our two peoples have worked together，overcome various difficulties and made historic progress.More important，our common interests have been growing over the years and more and more people have come to recognize the importance of China-US relationship and committed themselves to making this relationship stronger and better.

When we look back，we can clearly see that our cooperation covers a wide range of areas，from combating terrorism to preventing the spread of weapons of mass destruction，from fighting organized crimes to meeting challenges from nontraditional security threats（3）.When I look ahead，I feel even more strongly that China and the United States should stick to the constructive and cooperative relationship（4）.

A sound and stable China-US relationship is in the fundamental interest of our two countries and peoples，and crucial to the peace，stability and prosperity of the world.China and the United States can do a lot together in many areas and make our world a better place.

Some people in the United States have misunderstandings about China’s development for one reason or another.Some even assert that China’s development will surely lead to military expansion，that China is on a collision course with the United States，and that China will be a threat to US interests.

中国把走和平发展道路作为国策，一心一意投入社会经济建设，目标是提高13亿中国人民的生活水平。中国的国防开支水平依然很低。以2004年为例，美国的国防开支是中国的17.8倍，如果按人均算，更是高达77倍。中国军队的使命是维护主权和领土完整，而不是寻求什么势力范围。即使中国今后发展了，也绝不会搞霸权。这是中国的庄严承诺，这一承诺不会改变。

我想说的第二点是，促进两国高层对话、战略对话十分重要。近年来，中美两国领导人通过面对面的会晤、通电话、通信或互派特使，保持了频繁的交往。过去几年，两国元首在上海、北京、曼谷、埃维昂、克劳福德、华盛顿和圣地亚哥等地多次会晤，确定了中美关系的未来发展方向，有力地推动了中美关系的发展。

两国外长和各级别官员在联合国和其他多边场合就国际地区问题保持着良好的磋商。双方还建立了中国全国人大和美国国会两院交流机制。此外，两国之间业已建立起156对友好省州和友好城市关系。这一切都极大地促进了两国人民之间的理解与合作。

However，the truth is，as a national policy，China will always stay on the path of peaceful development and focus on social and economic progress.China’s goal is to improve the life of the 1.3 billion Chinese people.China’s defense expenditure remains low.In 2004，for example，US defense expenditure was 17.8 times that of China，or 77 times in per capita terms.The mission of China’s military is to safeguard sovereignty and territorial integrity，not to seek any sphere of influence.Even if China becomes more developed in the future，it will never seek hegemony.This is China’s solemn pledge and this pledge will never change.

My second point is that it is important to enhance high-level and strategic dialogue between China and the United States.In recent years，leaders of our two countries have maintained frequent contact with each other through face-to-face meetings，telephone calls，letters and their special envoys.At their meetings in Shanghai，Beijing，Bangkok，Evian，Crawford，Washington DC and Santiago over the past few years，our presidents have not only defined the future of China-US relationship but also given it a strong push forward.

The Foreign Minister，the Secretary of State and other senior officials at all levels are also having good consultation with each other on regional and international issues at the United Nations and other multilateral arenas.We have established exchange mechanisms between China’s National People’s Congress and both chambers of the US Congress.In addition，we have forged 156 pairs of sister relationships between provinces，states and cities of our two countries.All these have contributed significantly to mutual understanding and cooperation between our two peoples.

2005年对于中美关系将是重要的一年。胡锦涛主席与布什总统将有机会在苏格兰举行的八国集团与发展中国家对话会、纪念联合国成立60周年活动、在韩国举行的亚太经合组织领导人非正式会议等场合会晤。

更重要的是，今年下半年，胡锦涛主席和布什总统将实现互访，这对中美关系长期稳定发展具有重要意义。

我要讲的第三点是，中美照顾彼此核心利益十分重要。

就中国而言，我们希望实现国家的和平统一，所以台湾问题始终是中美关系中最重要、最关键的问题。台湾自古以来就是中国的一部分，我们希望看到祖国和平统一。

在这里，请允许我介绍一下两岸关系的新发展。

The year 2005 will be an important year for China-US relations.There is a good chance for several meetings between President Hu Jintao and President Bush — the G8 plus five in Scotland，the 60th anniversary of the United Nations and the APEC Economic Leaders’ Meeting to be held in the Republic of Korea.

More important，President Hu Jintao and President Bush will exchange visits later in the year.This will have a major significance on the long-term and steady development of China-US relations.

My third point is about the importance of paying attention to each other’s core interests.

China wants to realize peaceful reunification of the country.So Taiwan question is always the most important and key issue in China-US relationship.Taiwan has always been a part of China and we want to see our motherland reunited peacefully.

At this point，allow me to talk a little bit about the recent developments in the relations across the Taiwan Straits.

随着两岸关系中出现遏制“台独”分裂活动的积极因素，台海紧张局势出现缓和迹象。中国国民党主席连战、亲民党主席宋楚瑜应中国共产党中央委员会总书记胡锦涛的邀请分别访问了大陆，这是两岸关系中的大事，有利于两岸关系和平稳定发展，符合两岸人民的共同利益和台湾同胞渴望和平、稳定和发展的诉求，得到了两岸同胞的广泛支持和国际舆论的赞扬。

但是，尽管当前台海出现缓和迹象，紧张的根源尚未消除。反对分裂分子及其“台独”活动的斗争形势仍然严峻复杂。“台独”分裂活动是两岸关系发展的最大障碍，是台海和平稳定的直接威胁。

中方赞赏布什总统和美国政府坚持一个中国政策、恪守中美三个联合公报、反对“台独”的承诺，反对台湾当局单方面改变台湾现状、企图走向“台独”的言行。我们希望美方认清“台独”分裂分子的危险性，与我们一道制止“台独”，这也符合美国的利益。

The tension in the Taiwan Straits has shown signs of relaxation lately as positive factors appeared in the cross-Straits relations and worked to contain the secessionist activities in the name of“Taiwan independence”.At the invitation of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China and General Secretary Hu Jintao，Mr.Lien Chan，Chairman of the Chinese Kuomintang Party and Mr.James Soong，Chairman of the People First Party paid separate visits to the mainland recently.These visits are major events in cross-Straits relations that are conducive to the peaceful and steady growth of the relations and in line with the common interests of the people across the Straits and the Taiwan compatriots’ aspiration for peace，stability and development.They are widely supported by the compatriots on both sides of the Straits and welcomed by the international community.

However，despite the current signs of relaxation of tension in the Taiwan Straits，the root cause to such tension still lingers.Ours remains a grave and complicated battle against the secessionists and their activities in the name of “Taiwan independence” which constitute the biggest obstacle to the development of cross-Straits relations and an immediate threat to peace and stability in the Taiwan Straits region.

We appreciate the commitment made by President Bush and the US government to uphold the one China policy，abide by the three China-US Joint Communiqués and oppose “Taiwan independence”，and we oppose the words and actions of the Taiwan authorities to unilaterally change the status of Taiwan and move toward “Taiwan independence”.We hope that the US side will recognize the danger of the secessionist forces in Taiwan and work with us to stop “Taiwan independence”.This is also in the interest of the United States.

第四点，我想谈谈中美经贸合作。首先向各位介绍一下中国的经济情况。

1978年改革开放以来，中国经历了前所未有的深刻变化。从1978年到2004年的短短26年里，中国的国内生产总值从1473亿美元增长到16494亿美元，年均增幅达9.4%；中国的对外贸易总额从206亿美元增加到11548亿美元，年均增幅达16%；中国的外汇储备从1.67亿美元增长到6099亿美元；中国农村的贫困人口从2.5亿减少到2600万。

中国为21世纪头20年确定了目标，即紧紧抓住战略机遇期，全面建设惠及十几亿人、更高水平的小康社会，到2020年国内生产总值在2000年的基础上翻两番，达到4万亿美元，人均达到3000美元。

与此同时，我们还应认识到，中国人口多、底子薄、发展不平衡，实现现代化任重道远。去年，中国人均国内生产总值仅列世界第111位。中国人口占世界23%，而耕地面积仅占世界7%。就中国宏观经济形势而言，钢铁、铝等经济部门仍需解决发展过热的问题。

My fourth point is about the economic cooperation between our two countries.First of all，I would like to say a few words about the Chinese economy.

Since the implementation of reform and opening-up programs in 1978，China has undergone a profound transformation never seen before in the country’s history.In a short span of 26 years from 1978 to 2004，China’s GDP increased from 147.3 billion US dollars to 1.6494 trillion US dollars with an average annual growth rate of 9.4%.China’s foreign trade increased from 20.6 billion US dollars to 1.1548 trillion US dollars，averaging over 16% in annual growth rate.China’s foreign exchange reserve soared from 167 million US dollars to 609.9 billion US dollars.The number of rural poor has dropped from 250 million to 26 million.

For the first two decades of this century，China’s goal is to firmly seize the strategic opportunities to build a moderately prosperous society at a higher level in an all-round way that benefits over one billion Chinese people.By 2020，we will quadruple China’s GDP of 2000 to approximately four trillion US dollars，with the per capita GDP reaching 3，000 US dollars.

At the same time，one has to be aware that，given its huge population，weak economic foundation and uneven development，China faces a long and up-hill journey ahead in seeking modernization.Last year，China only ranked 111 in the world in terms of per capita GDP.With 23% of the world’s population，China has only 7% of the world’s cultivated farmland.In the case of China’s macroeconomic situation，the overheating of certain economic sectors，such as iron，steel and aluminum，remains to be addressed.

要实现上述经济目标，中国必须在社会经济发展中坚持科学发展观，以人为本，一切从最广大人民群众的根本利益出发，努力满足人民群众不断增长的物质和文化需要，追求人的全面发展。我们必须以经济建设为中心，促进经济、政治和文化全面进步，建设一个和谐社会。

谈到中美经济关系，26年前，中美两国贸易不足25亿美元，2004年，中美贸易达到1696亿美元，增长了60多倍。美国是中国第二大贸易伙伴，中国是美国第三大贸易伙伴和发展最快的出口市场。两国还在金融、投资等领域进行合作。

我们也认识到两国在诸如贸易平衡、人民币汇率、保护知识产权等经贸问题上不可避免地存在分歧。中美两国贸易统计数字不同，两国对统计数字的理解也有不同，但是有一点是清楚的，中国并不追求贸易顺差，中国十分重视贸易平衡及相关问题。

To realize its economic goals，China must uphold the scientific outlook on development as it seeks economic and social progress.We must put the people first，which means we must make the fundamental interests of the broadest masses of people our point of departure，endeavor to satisfy their growing material and cultural needs and pursue the comprehensive development of man.We must take economic development as our central task while facilitating all-round economic，political and cultural progress so as to build a harmonious society.

With regard to China-US economic relations，26 years ago，bilateral trade was less than 2.5 billion US dollars.By 2004，China-US trade had grown more than 60 times and reached 169.6 billion US dollars.The United States is China’s second largest trading partner while China is the third largest trading partner of the United States and the fastest growing market for US exports.Our two countries are also partners in such fields as finance and investment.

At the same time，we realize that China and the United States inevitably have different views on economic and trade issues，such as trade imbalance，RMB exchange rate and IPR protection.The trade statistics of the two countries are different.So are their readings of the statistics.However，one thing is clear：it is not China’s policy to pursue trade surplus and China attaches great importance to balanced trade and other related issues.

我们认为，发展过程中产生的问题只能通过进一步发展得到解决，贸易不平衡只能通过进一步扩大双边贸易得到调整和解决（5）。提高人民币汇率、对中国产品征收惩罚性关税或设置新的贸易壁垒都不是解决问题的办法。中方愿继续推动美对华出口，同样，我们希望美国采取实际措施取消对华出口限制，为美国企业对华出口创造更加宽松的环境。

中国将继续推动汇率机制改革，建立更加完善的人民币汇率形成机制，使人民币在合理均衡的水平上保持基本稳定。这是一个系统工程，需要考虑到方方面面，包括中国的宏观经济形势、社会发展、国际收支平衡、银行及相关改革进度、周边地区以及世界经济金融形势等。我们注意到，在人民币汇率问题上，既有媒体长篇累牍渲染，也存在政治化倾向，这无助于问题的解决。如果条件成熟，中国政府在不受外来压力的情况下，将主动推进汇率改革；反过来，如果条件不具备，不管面临多大的外来压力，中国政府也不会贸然采取行动。

We believe that problems that occur in the course of development can only be settled through further development.And trade imbalance can only be reduced and redressed through further expanding bilateral trade（5）.Raising the exchange rate of Chinese currency，imposing punitive tariffs on Chinese goods，or setting up new trade barriers — none of these is the answer.We are ready to continue to promote US export to China.Likewise，we hope that the United States will take real actions to remove its export controls against China so as to create a more relaxed environment for US businesses to export to China.

China will continue to push forward the reform of the RMB exchange rate regime.Our goal is to improve the exchange rate formulation mechanism so as to maintain the basic stability of the RMB at a reasonable and balanced level.This is a systematic project involving many aspects that must be taken into consideration，including China’s macroeconomic performance，social development，international balance of payments，progress in banking and other relevant reforms，and the economic and financial situation in our neighboring countries and the world at large.We have noticed that there is a huge amount of media play-up or politicization，which is not conducive to the solution of the issue.So long as conditions permit，the Chinese government will take the initiative under no external pressure to advance the exchange rate reform.On the contrary，if conditions are not available，the Chinese government will not take any hasty action regardless of how great the outside pressure is.

中国也十分重视保护知识产权，已经建立起相对完整的有关法律体系。这不仅是履行中国加入世贸组织承诺的需要，而且是中国扩大对外开放、改善投资环境、吸引更多外来投资以及促进经济更快发展的要求。尽管我们在保护知识产权方面经验不足，中国政府愿意庄严承诺，各国知识产权持有者在华的合法权益都将得到法律保护。侵权和造假行为都将受到法律惩罚。

总而言之，中美两国经济互补性强，发展双边经济关系不是零和游戏，双方都可以从中获利，成为赢家。中美完全有潜力在新世纪成为彼此最大的贸易伙伴，将经济问题政治化只会破坏两国关系，损害我们的共同利益。

最后，我祝愿中美大学校长论坛圆满成功。

谢谢!

China also attaches great importance to IPR protection and has established a relatively complete legal system for that purpose.China has done not only to fulfill its WTO accession commitments but also out of the need for greater openness to the outside world，better investment environment，more foreign investment and faster economic growth.Although China lacks experience in IPR protection，the Chinese government wants to seriously pledge that in China，the legal rights and interests of IPR holders from all countries will enjoy the protection of law，and that no infringement or counterfeiting action will go unpunished.

All in all，given the strong complementarities of Chinese and US economies，bilateral economic relationship is not a zero-sum game.Both of our countries will benefit from this relationship and both will come out as winners.China and the United States have the full potential to become the biggest trading partners for each other in the new century.Politicizing economic issues will upset our overall relations and hurt our common interests.

To conclude，I wish the China-US University Presidents Forum a great success.

Thank you！

咬文嚼字

1.首先，衷心感谢大家出席中美大学校长论坛。

Let me begin by expressing my heartfelt thanks to you all for attending the China-US University Presidents Forum.

实用句型

首先，衷心感谢大家出席……

Let me begin by expressing my heartfelt thanks to you all for attending ...

实用词汇

理事会成员一致认为它仍然发挥着论坛的重要作用。

Members of the council agreed that it still had an important role as a forum for discussion.

他们正举行一个有关青少年犯罪的讨论会。

They are holding a forum on juvenile delinquency.

但他们强调这个论坛不具有任何有约束力的权力。

But they stressed that the forum will have no binding authority.

2.近年来，在双方的共同努力下，中美教育交流发展迅速。

In recent years，thanks to the joint efforts of both sides，China-US educational exchanges have been growing fast.

实用句型

在双方的共同努力下，……发展迅速。

Thanks to the joint efforts of both sides，...have been growing fast.

实用词汇

由于我们的共同努力，任务提前完成了。

Owing to our joint efforts，the task was fulfilled ahead of schedule.

和谐社会要靠全社会共同建设。

It requires joint efforts of the whole society to build a harmonious society.

防止滥用知识产权需要国际社会的共同努力。

Preventing the abuse of IPR needs joint efforts from the international community.

3.回顾历史，中美之间的合作领域十分广阔，打击恐怖主义、防止大规模杀伤性武器扩散、打击有组织犯罪、应对非传统安全威胁，如此种种，不一而足。

When we look back，we can clearly see that our cooperation covers a wide range of areas，from combating terrorism to preventing the spread of weapons of mass destruction，from fighting organized crimes to meeting challenges from nontraditional security threats.

实用句型

回顾历史，中美之间的合作领域十分广阔……如此种种，不一而足。

When we look back，we can clearly see that our cooperation covers a wide range of areas，from ...to ...，from ...to ...

实用词汇

政府很关注雨林所遭遇到的大规模破坏。

The government is concerned about the mass destruction of the rain forests.

信息战争是低成本、高技术的大规模毁伤手段。

Information warfare is a low-budget，high-tech vehicle for mass destruction.

这种情况加剧了一场军备竞赛，并促使某些国家设法取得大规模杀伤性武器。

This was fuelling an arms race and driving some countries to acquire weapons of mass destruction.

4.展望未来，我更深感中美应坚持建设性合作关系。

When I look ahead，I feel even more strongly that China and the United States should stick to the constructive and cooperative relationship.

实用句型

展望未来，我更深感中美应坚持……

When I look ahead，I feel even more strongly that China and the United States should stick to ...

实用词汇

记者报道时应该坚持事实真相。

Reporter should stick to facts when reporting.

我们既要有原则性，也要有灵活性。

We should stick to the principles and be flexible as well.

筹划这么大型的聚会最好着眼于基本的东西。

It’s best to stick to basics when planning such a large party.

5.我们认为，发展过程中产生的问题只能通过进一步发展得到解决，贸易不平衡只能通过进一步扩大双边贸易得到调整和解决。

We believe that problems that occur in the course of development can only be settled through further development.And trade imbalance can only be reduced and redressed through further expanding bilateral trade.

实用句型

我们认为，发展过程中产生的问题只能通过…… 得到解决，贸易不平衡只能通过……得到调整和解决。

We believe that problems that occur in the course of development can only be settled through ...Trade imbalance can only be reduced and redressed through ...

实用词汇

当前，全球贸易的不平衡反映了一个结构性、体制性的问题。

The current global trade imbalance reflects a structural，system-wide problem.

单是调整汇率，解决不了中美之间的贸易失衡。

The trade imbalance between China and the US cannot be cured simply by adjusting the exchange rate.

贸易不平衡是美日两国间长期争论的话题。

Trade imbalance is a subject of ongoing debate between the US and Japan.