(1)物价涨跌是资本主义经济制度所不能免的现象
伍德华(D.B.Woodward)与罗斯(M.A.Rose)说，“商业景气与不景气虽然是痛苦的事，然而资本主义如欲生存，则盛衰迭来乃为必要。这叫做必要学说。有人说，假使物价能长久安定，则商家利润的增殖将不至中断，财产将集于少数人之手。劳工阶级的购买力只能限于其所得之工资。如果事业还有利润留给资本家，则全部工资不能与生产品之卖价相等。因此，他们不能购买全部生产品。当销售不出之货物堆积起来的时候，商业自然要萧条了。结果是财产的重新分配，所有权从一个阶级移到另一个阶级。另外一种办法是税去其利润。这不能完全解释此学说。有志研究本问题之人可以自己从韦布伦(Thorstein Veblen)的艰深著述中寻出门径。他是最大经济学家与经济哲学家之一”。
“The theory of necessity is that painful as booms and depressions are，they are necessary if capitalismis to service at all.It is argued that if prices remained stable over long periods，accumulations of profits by business men would never be interrupted，thatwealth would become concentrated in the hands of relatively small class.Wage earners can buy only to the total amount of their wages.If they are to be any profits，the total amount of wages paid themcannot be made as great as the selling price of the goodsthey produce.Therefore they never can buy all the goods produced.When unsold goods pile up，a depression results.Its effect is to redistribute the wealth，shift its possession fromclass to class.An alternative would be to tax away profits.This is an inadequate presentation of the theory;those who are sufficiently interested can dig it out of the tough pages of the works of Thorstein Veblen，one of the greatest of economists and economic philosophers.”[14]
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