违约处罚条款

第九节　违约处罚条款

合同中关于违约责任的规定是非常重要的条款。说到底，合同处理的主要问题就是双方的权利、义务以及违反这些义务应承担的责任。违约是指国际商务合同中的一方当事人或双方当事人未能按照双方签订的合同或有关法律规定的内容认真地、全面地、有效地履行合同中约定的义务。违约条款主要分为三个部分，即赔偿损失和赔偿限制、违约金和补救措施。

例：Should the Seller fail to make delivery on time as stipulated in the Contract,with the exception of Force Majeure causes specified in Clause 21 of this Contract,the Buyer shall agree to postpone the delivery on condition that the Seller agrees to pay a penalty which shall be deducted by the paying bank from the payment under negotiation.The rate of penalty is charged at______% for every ______ days,odd days less than _____days should be counted as ______ days.But the penalty,however,shall not exceed_______% of the total value of the goods involved in the delayed delivery.In case the Seller fails to make delivery ______ days later than the time of shipment stipulated in the Contract,the Buyer shall have the right to cancel the Contract and the Seller,in spite of the cancellation,shall nevertheless pay the aforesaid penalty to the Buyer without delay.

The buyer shall have the right to lodge a claim against the Seller for the losses sustained if any.

译文：除合同第二十一条不可抗力原因外，如卖方不能按合同规定的时间交货，买方应同意在卖方支付罚款的条件下延期交货。罚款可由议付银行在议付货款时扣除，罚款率按每＿＿天收＿＿%，不足＿＿天时以＿＿天计算。但罚款不得超过迟交货物总价的____%。如卖方延期交货超过合同规定＿＿天时，买方有权撤消合同，此时尽管合同撤消，卖方仍应不延迟地按上述规定向买方支付罚款。

买方有权对因此遭受的其它损失向卖方提出索赔。

例：If any invoice remains unpaid more than 15 days after the specified credit term，the unpaid amount will be considered overdue,and the SELLER reserves the right to levy a late payment charge based on prevailing interest rate on the overdue amount for the period for which it has been outstanding.

译文：如果在发票载明的付款期后15日内仍未付款，则未付款部分将被视为付款延迟，卖方保留按照延迟的期间对已经延迟的部分按照最高利息率加收延迟付款利息的权利。

诚实守信、全面履行合同义务是国际商务合同约束力的一个重要方面，如果合同当事一方或双方不履行合同或者履行合同义务不符合约定条件，就构成违约，必须承担违约责任，赔偿违约受损方的经济损失，并受到必要的制裁。因此，在国际商务合同中约定违约条款是非常必要的。