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扶贫开发专题传译练习

时间:2022-10-24 理论教育 版权反馈
【摘要】:中国农村的贫困问题是历史上长期形成的。中国是一个发展中国家,人口多,底子薄,经济不发达,农村尤其不发达。中国贫困人口的标准最初是1986年由中国政府有关部门在对6.7万户农村居民家庭消费支出调查的基础上计算得出的,即1985年农村人均纯收入206元的标准。中国的贫困标准是一个能够维持其基本生存的最低费用标准,可以确保农村贫困人口最基本的生存需要,因而是客观的,也是符合中国实际的。

(十)扶贫开发专题传译练习

1.请完整听一遍短文

扶贫开发的政策保障

中国农村的贫困问题是历史上长期形成的。贫困面积大、贫困人口多、贫困程度深是过去相当长一个时期中国贫困地区的主要特征。基于对本国国情的把握,特别是对贫困地区和贫困人口实际情况的认知,中国政府制定了符合国情的扶贫开发政策,把扶贫开发的基本目标和中心任务放在主要解决农村贫困人口的温饱问题上,从最紧迫的问题入手,量力而行,确保重点,分阶段推进。我们需要制订符合国情的贫困标准。

中国是一个发展中国家,人口多,底子薄,经济不发达,农村尤其不发达。就中国的贫困地区而言,这种不发达主要表现在:一是基础设施薄弱。贫困地区较为集中的西部地区,虽然土地面积占全国的三分之二以上,但铁路、公路和民航设施所占比重却相对偏低。二是人口增长过快,教育、卫生等基本社会服务水平低。与经济落后成为对比的是,贫困地区往往又是人口增长最快的地区。办学条件差,教育设施落后,适龄儿童失学和被迫辍学率较高,青壮年文盲比例较大,医疗卫生保健水平也很低。三是农业生产条件差,财政收入水平低,公共投入严重不足。1986年国家重点扶持贫困县人均拥有农业机械总动力仅为全国平均水平的50%。1993年国家重点扶持贫困县人均财政收入仅为60元,只相当于全国平均水平的30%左右。

上述贫困地区的实际情况,决定了中国扶贫工作要有一个比较现实的贫困标准。中国贫困人口的标准最初是1986年由中国政府有关部门在对6.7万户农村居民家庭消费支出调查的基础上计算得出的,即1985年农村人均纯收入206元的标准。到1990年这一标准相当于300元,2000年为625元。

中国的贫困标准是一个能够维持其基本生存的最低费用标准,可以确保农村贫困人口最基本的生存需要,因而是客观的,也是符合中国实际的。

(摘自白皮书《中国的农村扶贫开发》,2001年10月)

2.听录音,在停顿处开始传译

img189 中国农村的贫困问题是历史上长期形成的。贫困面积大、贫困人口多、贫困程度深是过去相当长一个时期中国贫困地区的主要特征。

img190 基于对本国国情的把握,特别是对贫困地区和贫困人口实际情况的认知,中国政府制定了符合国情的扶贫开发政策,把扶贫开发的基本目标和中心任务放在主要解决农村贫困人口的温饱问题上,从最紧迫的问题入手,量力而行,确保重点,分阶段推进。

img191 中国是一个发展中国家,人口多,底子薄,经济不发达,农村尤其不发达。

img192 中国贫困人口的标准最初是1986年由中国政府有关部门在对6.7万户农村居民家庭消费支出调查的基础上计算得出的,即1985年农村人均纯收入206元的标准。到1990年这一标准相当于300元,2000年为625元。

img193 中国的贫困标准是一个能够维持其基本生存的最低费用标准,可以确保农村贫困人口最基本的生存需要,因而是客观的,也是符合中国实际的。

3.答题要点

img194 熟悉文本类型和相关句子结构,加强对源语文本的理解。本篇发言属陈述文本类型。主旨突出(介绍中国扶贫开发的政策),思路清晰(文本开始——简要介绍中国的贫困问题,文本发展——分析中国贫困人口和地区的主要成因,文本结尾——提出制定符合中国贫困地区实际状况的标准的必要性),语言简洁准确、易于理解。

img195 掌握与贫困问题相关的知识与术语表达,如扶贫开发(development-oriented poverty alleviation),底子薄(a meager heritage),基础设施(infrastructure),民航设施(civil aviation facilities),适龄儿童(school-age children),医疗卫生保健(health care work),国家重点扶持贫困县(counties on the state's priority poverty relief list)等。

img196 传译时,语音应清晰,语调应自然,英文表达应流畅,应学会控制声音质量,不要过尖、过高或过于低沉。

4.参考答案

Policy Guarantee for the Aid-the-Poor Program

The poverty of China's rural areas is a problem that arose over long years in the past.Impoverished regions in China are characterized mainly by a large area and population sunk in poverty.Based on its understanding of the basic national conditions,especially the reality of the poverty-stricken areas and people,the Chinese Government has formulated a policy for development-oriented poverty alleviation that conforms to the reality in China.It sets mainly solving the problem of food and clothing of the rural poor as its basic objective and central task in this regard,starting from the most urgent problems,acting according to its capability,giving priority to key areas,and advancing step by step.We need to define the standard of poverty in conformity with the national conditions.

China is a developing country with a large population,a meager heritage and an underdeveloped economy,especially in the rural areas.In terms of the poverty-stricken areas in China,the underdevelopment is mainly reflected in the following:First,weak infrastructure.In the western region,where most of these areas are located,although the territory is over two-thirds of the nation's total,the proportions of railways,highways and civil aviation facilities are relatively low.Second,a rapidly growing population,and the low level of education,public health and other basic social services.In contrast to the backward economy,the poverty-stricken areas are usually noted for their rapidly growing populations.Due to the poor conditions for running schools and backward education facilities,a great number of school-age children are unable to go to school or obliged to discontinue their studies,and the illiteracy rate of the young and middle-aged is high.These areas are also characterized by a very low level of health care work.Third,poor agricultural production conditions,low revenue,and seriously inadequate public input.In 1986,the per-capita motive power of agricultural machinery in the counties on the state's priority poverty relief list accounted for only 50 percent of the national average.In 1993,the per-capita revenue in these counties was 60 yuan,only about 30 percent of the national average.

In accordance with the above-mentioned actual conditions,it is necessary to fix a realistic standard of poverty for China's help-the-poor work.The earliest standard was calculated by the relevant government departments in 1986,on the basis of the investigations of the consumption expenditures of 67,000 rural households,i.e.,the standard of 206 yuan in per-capita net income in rural areas in 1985.It was equivalent to300 yuan in 1990 and 625 yuan in 2000.

China's standard of poverty is the standard of the lowest expense to maintain one's basic subsistence.It can guarantee the basic living needs of the rural poor in China and,therefore,is an objective standard and also one that conforms to the reality in China.

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