Ⅰ背景阅读

Ceremonial Speech

Ceremonial Speech is a speech that you give at ceremonial occasions that reaffirms a communities bonds and values and/or strengthens ties between individuals and groups. It has three functions: to explain a social world to listeners， to display the speaker's eloquence， and to shape and share community ideals.

There are many types of ceremonial speeches， including introductions， welcomes，farewells， award presentations， acceptances， thank-yous， toasts， after-dinner speeches， sermons，prayers， and commemorative speeches such as tributes， eulogies， keynotes， inaugurals， and commencement speeches. Following are definitions of some types of ceremonial speeches，please get familiar with them.

A speech of welcome is in order if you are called on to provide greetings to a visitor to your organization， to new members， or to make your own remarks on joining a group. In a farewell speech you may say good-bye as you move on to another position or retire， or extend your group's farewell to a departing member. A speech of acceptance normally follows an award presentation， an election victory， or a success of some kind. The speech of thank-you isyour acknowledgment of services or aid given to you by others. It should include a tribute to those being recognized. The toast is a recognition or tribute to a person or a group， in which a short speech is given and some liquid sipped as a means of acknowledging the recipient. The after-dinner speech is frequently used at luncheons， dinners， and banquets. Its purpose is to provide an entertaining or compelling message on a theme. A keynote speech usually serves as the central point of a conference or convention and typically is presented early in the proceedings to function as the “rallying cry” for those involved. An inaugural speech， given when a new officeholder assumes responsibilities， is designed to set the tone for new beginnings. A commencement address commemorates old experiences and new beginnings for members of a graduating class.

Hillary Clinton's Address in the Second Round of the U.S.-China Strategic and Economic Dialogue on May 5th， 2010

Good morning. I want to thank State Councilor Dai and Vice-Premier Wang for their very warm hospitality. It is a pleasure for our entire delegation to be here in Beijing. And it is an honor to join my colleague， Secretary Geithner， and the many officials from across our government in representing the United States at this second round of the strategic and economic dialogue.

I first visited China in 1995， and I have been privileged to return since then. Every trip to China offers fresh insights and images of the dynamism of this country and its people，the pace of change， and the possibilities for the future. Back in 1995， trade between our two nations was measured in the tens of billions of dollars. Today it is counted in the hundreds of billions. Few people back then had cell phones， and almost no one had access to the Internet.Today China has the world's largest mobile phone network， and more Internet users than any other country on earth.

In 1995， both our countries signed on to the Beijing platform for action to advance equality and opportunity for women. And while there is still much to do in both of our countries， I know that Chinese women have made real progress in education， health care， andemployment. Hundreds of millions of men， women， and children have been lifted out of poverty. And China has flourished in so many ways. Freer trade and open markets have created jobs in both our countries， and given Chinese consumers access to new goods and to higher standards of living.

The United States welcomes China's progress and its accomplishments. And by establishing patterns of cooperation， rather than competition between our two countries， we see the opportunity， as we have just heard from Vice-Premier Wang， for win-win solutions，rather than zero-sum rivalries， for we know that few global problems can be solved by the United States or China acting alone. And few can be solved without the United States and China working together.

With this in mind， I would like to read a few lines of a letter from President Obama that I will be personally handing to President Hu Jintao. President Obama wrote：“Our relationship with China is guided by the recognition that we live in an inter-connected world. One country's success need not come at the expense of another. Our progress can be shared. Indeed，the United States welcomes China as a strong， prosperous， and successful member of the community of nations.”

Over the past 16 months， we have worked together to lay the foundation for that positive，cooperative， and comprehensive relationship that President Obama and President Hu have committed our nations to pursuing. We launched the strategic and economic dialogue last year in Washington， as the premier convening mechanism in our relationship. And this year we have assembled an even broader and deeper team， here in China， to address our growing agenda. We have built avenues of cooperation and identified areas of mutual interest.

Our job， moving forward， is to translate that common interest into common action and， in turn， to translate that action into results that improve the lives of our people， and contribute to global progress. Over the long term， these results are how our relationship will be measured.

We are conscious that meaningful progress against great global challenges is the work of years， not days. We know that this gathering， in and of itself， is a foundation for ongoing cooperation that has to take place every day at every level of our government. And so， we will blend urgency and persistence in pursuit of shared goals.

We have already begun to see progress on some of the key areas of common concern that we laid out in our first dialogue last year. But there is much work to be done.

First， on international security challenges， the United States and China have consulted closely on the challenge posed by Iran's nuclear program. The prospect of a nuclear-armedIran concerns us all. And to address that threat， together we have pursued a dual-track approach of engagement and pressure， aimed at encouraging Iran's leaders to change course.The draft resolution agreed to by all of our P-5+1 partners and circulated at the Security Council sends a clear message to the Iranian leadership: Live up to your obligation， or face growing isolation and consequences. As we continue to cooperate in New York， the burden is on Iran to demonstrate through its actions that it will uphold its responsibility.

Now， beyond these pressing challenges there are other shared security concerns that I look forward to discussing， including the fight against violent extremism in Afghanistan and Pakistan， counter-piracy efforts， and deeper military-to-military cooperation.

Second， on climate and energy， we have built on the memorandum of understanding signed at the last round of the dialogues， collaborating on new， clean energy research，including a center. We have committed ourselves to an electrical vehicle initiative， and a renewable energy partnership， and more. At Copenhagen， for the first time， all major economies， including both the United States and China， made national commitments to curb carbon emissions and transparently report on their mitigation efforts. Now we must work to implement the Copenhagen accord with balanced commitments that are reflected in the ongoing negotiation

And on behalf of Secretary Steven Chu， I extend his regrets. He was unable to be with us，because he had to stay and work very urgently on the oil spill in the Gulf of Mexico.

Third， on education， health， and development， tomorrow I will meet with State Councilor Lio to launch a new dialogue on educational and cultural exchanges that will deepen understanding and cooperation between our people. I am very pleased that Secretary of Health and Human Services Kathleen Sebelius has joined us this year to expand cooperation on infectious diseases and other international health challenges. Our ambassador for global women's issues， Melanne Verveer， is also here because we recognize that the roles and rights of women are central to many of the issues we face， including devising a global strategy for development that is both sustainable and effective.

The Obama Administration has worked to advance a long-term investment-driven approach to development. And Administrator Raj Shah is leading our efforts. We have elevated development as a core pillar of our foreign policy， and we seek to coordinate with China and other donors to meet country-led needs and to comply with internationally-agreed standards.

Finally， we have worked together and seen progress on promoting global economic recovery and growth. Secretary Geithner， Secretary Locke， Ambassador Kirk， ChairmanBernanke， and the rest of our economic team will be talking in greater depth about how we can develop a more balanced global economy that will produce prosperity that reaches further and deeper for both the Chinese and American people.

Now， our discussions in these few days are unlikely to solve the shared challenges we face. But they can and should provide a framework for delivering real results to our people.We will not agree on every issue. But we will discuss them openly， as between friends and partners. And that includes America's commitment to universal human rights and dignity， and so much else that is on both Chinese and American minds.

There is a Chinese proverb that speaks of treading different paths that lead to the same destination. Our two nations have unique histories. China is home to an ancient civilization， as I saw in the Chinese Pavilion when I visited， with the scroll that has been made to come alive，showing life in this city 1000 years ago. America is a young nation. But we know that our future， both our challenges and our opportunities， will be shared. We have traveled different paths， but that shared future is our common destination and responsibility. And， ultimately， that is what this dialogue is about.

So， again， let me thank State Councilor Dai and Vice-Premier Wang， and I look forward to our discussions in an open and candid exchange of views. Thank you very much.

New Words & Expressions

1. privileged ［'privilidʒd］ adj.全能的；有无限权利的

2. insight ［'insait］ n.洞悉力；洞察

3. dynamism ［'dainəmizəm］ n.活力；动态

4. sign on签署

5. flourish ［'flauriʃ］ vi.繁荣，兴旺

6. zero-sum零和的

7. rivalry ［'raivəlri］ n.竞争；对抗

8. prosperous ［'prɔspərəs］ adj，繁荣的；兴旺的

9. convene ［kən'viːn］ vt.召开；召集

10. mechanism ［'mekənizəm］ n.机制

11. blend ［blend］ vt.协调

12. layout提议；设计

13. dual-track双轨的

14. circulate ［'səːkjuleit］ vi.传播，流传

15. uphold ［ʌp'həuld］ vt.承担；支撑

16. extremist ［ik'striːmist］ n.极端主义者

17. Afghanistan ［æfg'ænistæn］ n.阿富汗（国家名称，位于亚洲）

18. Pakistan ［'pækistæn］ n.巴基斯坦（南亚国家名）

19. vehicle ［'viːikl， 'viːhi-］ n.车辆；交通工具

20. mitigation ［ˌmiti'geiʃən］ n.缓解

21. accord with同……相符合；与……一致

22. infectious ［in'fekʃəs］ adj.传染的

23. pillar ［'pilə］ n.支柱

24. tread ［tred］ vt.踏；行走

25. candid ［'kændid］ adj.坦率的

Notes

1. Copenhagen conference: The 2009 United Nations Climate Change Conference，commonly known as the Copenhagen Summit， was held at the Bella Center in Copenhagen，Denmark， between 7 December and 18 December. According to the Bali Road Map， a framework for climate change mitigation beyond 2012 was to be agreed there.

2. The oil spill in the Gulf of Mexico: On April 20， 2010， an explosion destroyed an offshore drilling rig at the Macondo Prospect in the Gulf of Mexico， causing a major sustained oil leak. The well's operator， BP， initiated a containment and cleanup plan， and began drilling two relief wells intended to stop the flow.