屏南白水洋

二、屏南白水洋

1.浅水广场

各位团友，早上好!我是你们的导游林芝，这位是我们的司机张师傅，他拥有丰富的驾驶经验，在我们公司也已经工作十年了。我的手机号是XXXX。有什么需要请大家跟我联系。今天我们要去游览白水洋，车程大概一个小时。我先跟大家介绍一下屏南县城。屏南是个内陆县城，位于福建东北部，是福建最小的县之一，人口18万，面积1500平方公里。屏南是中国夏香菇之乡，年产香菇六千多吨，是中国最大的夏香菇出口基地。屏南的油萘和无核柿子也很有名。

位于长桥镇的万安桥是屏南的历史文化地标。长桥镇可谓名副其实，因为万安桥是全国最长的廊桥，始建于1090年北宋时期，之后多次重建。

鸳鸯溪是屏南的主要景区，位于屏南西北部，离县城30公里。每年都有鸳鸯从寒冷的西伯利亚飞到这里的温暖水域过冬，鸳鸯溪也因此得名。鸳鸯常常出双入对，傍晚时分飞向田野或森林觅食，晚上就睡在树林里。在中国，人们相信鸳鸯一旦配对，终身相伴。因此鸳鸯成了夫妻恩爱、忠贞不渝的象征，在中国各种艺术形式中都多有表现。鸳鸯的形象还是婚礼中常见装饰。人们常常把一对恩爱的夫妻比作鸳鸯。除了鸳鸯，鸳鸯溪还有众多猕猴和珍稀植物。

鸳鸯溪景区中最值得去的地方就是白水洋。白水洋位于鸳鸯溪上游。河床是一片平坦如砥的巨石，溪水从石面轻轻流过，水深没踝。在阳光照耀下，波光粼粼的水面一片银白，故名白水洋。当地人十分积极地推广白水洋旅游，已投资五千六百万完善旅游设施。五老峰也是一处胜景，峰顶有一块平坦的石头，形似棋盘。传说五位老神仙常常在此对弈，面对棋局冥思苦想，忘却了岁月的流逝，专注凝神而化为五老峰。五老峰顶上还可以俯瞰白水洋。

各位团友，再过十分钟我们就要到达白水洋了。我刚刚说过，白水洋的意思是一片银白的水域，它是鸳鸯溪的一部分，但看起来更像一个浅浅的湖泊。有别于一般湖泊的是，这里的湖水深度仅有几寸，整个四万平方米的湖面之下，是三块平坦的巨石，将白水洋自然地分成上洋、中洋、下洋三部分。最大的是中洋，最宽处150米，占地4公顷，是世界上唯一的浅水广场，被赞为“天下绝景”“宇宙之谜”。这三块巨石是火山熔岩形成的沉积岩，由于地壳运动，部分地段有花岗岩侵入，河底部岩石由于横向节理发育，在水流的长期冲刷下，形成了今天这种奇特的地质景观。

夏日炎炎，水中嬉戏自然是十分惬意。不过大家要注意穿上袜子或草鞋防滑。大家可以在天然浴池中泡澡，或在河床上散步，光滑的溪石，湍急的水流，那可是最天然的足按服务呀。

从1992年起，浅水广场上每年都举行水上运动会，有径赛项目、武术表演、舞龙，甚至还有水上拔河。想想看吧，万人云集，全身湿透，何等痛快淋漓!

在浅水广场旁边中洋与上洋之间，还有一项惊险刺激的项目等待着喜欢探险的游客。那里的河床稍稍倾斜，似一条近百米长的天然滑道。大家可以穿上救生衣，坐在滑道上方，任由溪水托摸推搡，向下冲去，到达下面的浅滩后自然停止。许多游客还喜欢一个一个搭成长龙往下滑。我可要提醒大家，这可不比你小时候在幼儿园玩的滑梯!大家一定要体验一下。

各位团友，现在可以下水了，祝大家纵情白水洋，心情喜洋洋!

Baishui Yang

1.Water Square

Good morning ladies and gentlemen，my name is Lin Zhi and I will be your tour guide during your stay here.This is our bus driver Mr.Zhang.He is an experienced driver and has been working with the company for ten years.My cell phone number is xxxxxxxxxxx.Please don’t hesitate to letme know if there’s anything I can do to help.We are going to visit Baishuiyang today.The bus ride will take one hour.Letme tell you a bit about Pingnan on the way.Pingnan is an inland county in northeastern Fujian.The population of Pingnan includes 180 thousand residents.It is one of the smallest counties in Fujian.The county covers an area of about 1，500 square kilometers.Known as“the capital of summer mushrooms”，Pingnan produces more than 6，000 tons of Xianggu mushrooms annually.It is the largest export base of summer mushrooms in China.Pingnan is also famous for fruits such as Younai plums and seedless persimmons.

Local historical monuments include the Wan＇an Bridge，located in Changqiao Village.Changqiao means“long bridge”in Chinese.We say the village is worthy of its name，because Wan＇an Bridge is the longest roofed bridge in China.It was originally built in 1090，and rebuilt a number of times since.

The Yuanyang River is the major scenic attraction in Pingnan.It is situated in the northeastern part of Pingnan County about 30 kilometers away from the county proper.The river is named after Yuanyang，the Chinese name for mandarin ducks.They migrate thousands of miles from cold Siberia to bathe in the warmer water here.They are often seen in pairs.At dusk，they will fly to the fields and forests to look for food.At night，they sleep in the forest.In Chinese culture，mandarin ducks are believed to be lifelong couples.Hence they are regarded as a symbol of conjugal affection and fidelity，and are frequently featured in various forms of Chinese art.The mandarin duck symbol is often used in Chinese weddings.AChinese proverb for loving couples uses the mandarin duck as a metaphor:“Two mandarin ducks playing in water”.The Yuanyang River is also home to macaques and many rare plants.

The best sight in the area is Baishui Yang.It is the upper reach of Yuanyang River，where ankle－deep river water flows across a giant white spread of stone riverbed.The glistening water looks almost white in the sun，hence the name Baishui Yang，meaning a wide expanse of white water.Locals are keen to earn their Baishui Yang global fame and have spent some 56 million yuan in improving its facilities.Wulao Feng，or Five Elders Peak by Baishui Yang is an interesting sight.On top of the peak there is a flat rock that looks like a chess board.Folklore has it that five elderly immortals weremusing over a chess game，totally forgetting about the time and eventually turned into rocks.You can have a birds＇eye view of Baishui Yang from the peak.

Ladies and gentlemen，we will be at Baishui Yang in ten minutes.As I just said the name Baishui Yangmeans a wide expanse of white water.It is part of the Yuanyang River，but it’smore like a shallow lake.Unlike any other lakes on the planet，the entire 40，000－square meter lake rests upon three massive flat rocks a few inches below the water，and the lake is naturally divided into three parts: the upper section，the middle section and the lower section.The biggest is the middle section.It covers an area of 4 hectares with the largest width of 150 meters.This Earth’s only water square was famed as“an absolute wonderland on Earth”and“mystery of the universe”.The three immense flat rocks are of sedimentary rocks.Owing to tectonic movement，parts of the rocks were intruded by granite.Horizontal joints that developed on the river bed were constantly eroded by flowing water，thus forming this unique geological landscape.

The water certainly looks inviting in the heat of summer，but you’d better wear socks or straw sandals so you would not slip on the rocks.You can bathe in the natural pools or walk on the riverbed.The smooth rocks and strong currents will like a natural massage on your feet.

The water square has been hosting a yearly sports day since 1992，including track events，Kung Fu performance，dragon dance，and even tug of war.Just imagine the bustling and the happily soaked crowd!

Beside the flat water square，at the junction of the middle section and the upper section，another excitement is in store for adventure seeking tourists.The riverbed there is slightly slanting，forming a slide of nearly 100 meters long on water.You can put on life jackets，sit at the upper end of the slide and let the currents carry you down into the shallow pool below.Many tourists like to sit in a long line，each holding on to the one in front of them and slide down.This is no comparison with your kindergarten slide experience，mind you!You really shouldn’tmiss the chance.

Ladies and gentlemen，here we go.I hope you’ll have a lotof“water fun”today!

Vocabulary:

plum　　　n.李子

persimmon　　　n.柿子

muse　　　n.沉思

migrate　　　vi.迁徙

conjugal　　　adj.婚姻的

fidelity　　　n.忠诚

sedimentary　　　adj.沉淀的

3.intrude　　　vt.侵入

horizontal adj.水平的

slant n.倾斜

2.全国之最古廊桥

很多人都看过罗伯特·沃勒写的《廊桥遗梦》这部小说，或者梅丽尔·斯特里普和克林特·伊斯特伍德主演的同名电影。建于1883年，位于爱荷华州的罗斯曼廊桥因此一夜成名。中国也有很多廊桥，木架构的桥梁上有屋顶、围墙，几乎就是一个封闭的空间。廊桥的神奇之处还在于整个建筑没有用一根钉子，只依靠榫卯结构固定、连接。廊桥的屋顶和围墙能够保护木质构件，防止风化。一般木桥由于暴露于雨淋日晒之中，只有10到15年的寿命。

屏南拥有十五座这样风格独特的木桥，2009年经联合国教科文组织认定为非物质文化遗产。在屏南，这个名不见经传的闽东北小县城，桥不仅仅是用来过河的，它们已经成了屏南的名片，并且仍然在当地村民的生活中发挥作用。每天，络绎不绝的村民手持农具，穿过廊桥，走上田间地头。农忙之余，廊桥又成了村民下棋聊天的场所。每到夏夜，有的村民干脆睡在桥上，既凉快，又无蚊虫侵扰。

屏南的廊桥还是神圣的宗教场所，人道是“有桥必有庙”。寺庙一般建在桥头，供奉佛像或道教神仙，也有民间传说中的神袛。万安桥边的一座庙里供奉着齐天大圣美猴王，那是中国经典名著《西游记》里的主要人物。桥上原本还设有神龛，但现在都撤走了。由于烧香不慎引起大火，已经有好几座廊桥毁于一旦。最近的一次发生在2006年6月，已有千年历史的宋代廊桥百祥桥被大火烧毁。2011年，当地政府重建了百祥桥。

修一座桥需要几个月时间。首先要请风水先生选址。据说在村落上游建桥可以辟邪，而下游建桥则可以聚财。古人相信万物有灵，神灵无处不在。因此伐木修桥之前必先祭祀山林。建桥一般选在水位较低的秋天，建桥之前先祭祀河神。桥梁完工时建桥工匠会举行仪式，唱歌庆祝。仪式之后，村里还会选出一个有福之人在桥面上走一遭，给众人带来福气。负责建桥的木匠叫“主绳”，助手叫“副绳”，“主绳”和“副绳”的名字都会连同修建时间一起刻在木桥的大梁上。

屏南的万安桥是全国最长，历史也最悠久的木拱廊桥，长98米，宽4.7米，已有千年历史。万安桥自宋代以来多次重建，1952年万安桥被大水冲毁两个拱架12开间，1954年县人民政府出资重建。当时重建万安桥的木匠主绳为长桥村黄生富、黄象颜兄弟。黄家是造桥世家，黄象颜一生造桥31座，造屋54栋，目前手艺传到大儿子黄春财身上，已是第七代。

2.Ancient Covered Bridges

Many of you have either read the novel The Bridges of Madison County written by Robert James Waller，or seen the Hollywood movie based on this novel，starring Meryl Streep and Clint Eastwood.The Roseman Covered Bridge built in 1883 in Iowa rose to fame when it was featured in both the novel and the film.China has some nice covered bridges，too.They are wooden bridges with a roof and bounding wall on the two sides that in most cases create an almost complete enclosure.The tricky part is that the structure is completely wooden，not a single nail is used.Wooden planks have to be neatly dovetailed into each other.The purpose of the covering is to protect the wooden structural materials from the weather.Uncovered wooden bridges have a life span of only 10 to 15 years because of the effects of rain and sun heat.

There are 15 of these distinctive wooden bridges in Pingnan，which were recognized by UNESCOin 2009 as an intangible cultural heritage.Bridges are not just for crossing rivers in Pingnan，they have been icons of the little－known county in northeast Fujian province.These ancient wooden bridges still play a significant role in village life.Every day you can see villagers stream through them，tools in hand.When they have leisure time they chat or play chess on the bridges.On summer nights，some villagers sleep on the bridges because they are cool and free of annoying mosquitoes.

Bridges here are often connected with religion and there is a local saying that:“Where there is a bridge，there is a temple.”A temple is usually located at one end of the bridge and has either Buddhist or Taoist gods.In some cases，villagers worship gods originating from local folktales.In a temple next to Wan＇an Bridge，for example，there is a statue of the Monkey King，the main character fromthe classical Chinese novel Journey to the West.There used to be some shrines on the bridge，which were removed since several bridges have burned down because of careless incense burning.

The most recent fire was in June 2006 when Baixiang Bridge，which dated back to the Song Dynasty，about a thousand years ago，was destroyed.It was rebuilt in 2011.

It takes several months to build a bridge.First，a Fengshui master will choose the location.It is said that bridges built upstream of a settlement help repel evil，while those built downstream will help accumulate wealth.Ancient Chinese people believed gods exist everywhere in nature，so before they cut down trees to build their bridges they would offer sacrifices to the gods of the mountain or forests.Construction usually started in autumn when water levels are low，and before starting work，villagers will worship the river gods.When a bridge is completed，a ceremony is held and the workers sing together.After the ceremony，a local villager who is recognized for having good luck is asked to cross the bridge first，in order to bring good fortune to everyone.The person in charge of construction is called“main rope”while his assistant is the“assisting rope”.Their names will be engraved on the bridge’smain beamas well as the time of construction.

The 1000－year－old Wan＇an Bridge is the oldest and the longest wooden bridge in China，measuring 98 meters long and 4.7 meters wide.Wan’an Bridge has been rebuilt several times over the millenniumsince Song Dynasty.In 1952，two arches with 12 bays of the bridge were damaged during a flood.The local government decided to have it rebuilt in 1954.The main ropes were Huang Shengfu and Huang Xiangyan，who were brothers.The Huangs were a prestigious bridge building family.Huang Xiangyan built 31 bridges and 54 houses in his life，and his eldest son Huang Chuncai is now the seventh generation of main ropes in the family.

Vocabulary:

dovetail　　　vt.用楔形榫接合;与…吻合

tricky　　　adj.棘手的

distinctive　　　adj.有特色的

intangible　　　adj.无形的

shrine　　　n.圣地;神殿;神龛

accumulate　　　vt.积攒