分析原因及影响

2.6　分析原因及影响

除了单一分析影响的文章，还有的作文要求先解释问题或现象的成因，再讨论这种现象带来的危害及影响。这样的写法又有所不同，其结构如下:

Introduction of Problem or Phenomenon

Thesis Statement

The Cause for the Problem

The Cause for the Problem

Effects the Problem Brings

Conclusion

Solution or Suggestion

若单纯分析离婚率高对个人及社会带来的影响，可以这样写:

Divorce Rate in China

PⅠ.The high divorce rate exerts a pernicious effect on both individual and society.

PⅡ.Divorced people tend to feel a profound sense of loss，disappointment，and even failure.

PⅢ.Divorce sends emotional shock waves through children，regardless of age and sex.

PⅣ.Perhaps the most serious potential effect of divorce is that it undermines social stability.

PⅤ.Ways should be found to reduce the high rate.

但在解释离婚率上升的同时，分析其带来的影响后果，可以这样写:

PⅠ.The divorce rate is getting higher in China in recent years.

PⅡ.One reason is that social attitude towards divorced people has changed.

PⅢ.Another reason is that newly-made marriage laws make divorce easier than before.PⅣ.The adverse effect on their children and society is serious.PⅤ.To have a correct attitude toward.

让我们看一篇关于小报频频暴露名人隐私的文章。先是解释他们为什么要这样做，然后分析给名人造成的危害或影响。

Task 18

You are allowed 40 minutes to write an essay about 250 words on the following topic.

Newspapers and magazines have special interest in the private lives of famous people.

What can you explain it? What effect it will have on the people being exposed? And what is your opinion of it?

Sample Answer

Privacy of Famous People

1)In recent years，many newspapers and magazines focus on the activities of film stars，pop singers and some other famous men and women.Reporters disguise their identities，infiltrate the subject's business and family，or even bug and wiretap them—to get the news by whatever means are necessary.(引出社会现象:报刊频频曝光名人隐私)

2)It is not difficult to explain the reason for their surprising amount of interest in famous people's lives.They are in the spotlight，renowned or notorious， they are the topic of ordinary people who like to know everything about them.To satisfy their curiosity，or“the people's right to know” ， journalists often find it their duty to report their activities.(首先分析原因:报刊这样干是为了满足读者的猎奇心理)

3)Moreover，what matters to a newspaper or a magazine is the number of readers.A large readership means the rise in the circulation of their publications，hence a huge profit.Since film stars and pop singers are newsworthy figures，and their stories draws far more attention than those of other people，it is natural that the press tries to attract them to buy their magazines by featuring private lives of famous people.(另一个原因是利益驱动:要使销售量增加，就要登载这类新闻)

4)However，those exposed people can be severely injured by such press attention.Sensational stories about their private lives cause great unhappiness to them.To escape reporters，they can't even lead an normal life.Sometimes their lives will be in danger.For example， Princess Diana died in a car accident as she attempted to escape photographers in a chase through Paris.(然后分析后果影响，这样做对名人的生活和心理带来危害)

5)Famous people are also citizens.They have the right to keep their own privacy like ordinary people—the basic right which should be respected，protected and guaranteed by our laws in whatever circumstances.(表明对这种现象的看法和态度)

闪光点:

1.用词变化: actors，pop singers—famous men and women—famous people，ordinary—normal，expose their privacy—feature their private lives—report their activities，newspapermen—photographers，try every means to—attempt，the number of readers—readership，like to know everything about them—interest in their privacy

2.句型变化: They have the right to keep their own privacy like the ordinary people—the basic right which should be respected，protected and guaranteed by our laws in whatever circumstances.(同位语)

当然，如果注重后果影响，正文当中可以调整一下，解释原因用一段，分析影响用两段。如下面的文章只用一段来解释大学生不喜欢讲授性的上课原因，正文的其他两段分析这种讲授对学生对教师造成的不利影响。

Task 19

You are allowed 40 minutes to write about 250 words on the following topic.

College lectures now enjoy less popularity among students，as shown in the following questionnaire conducted by a student union.

What do you think of the lecture method?

For　　　　　　　　　　　　26%

Against　　　　　　　　　　41%

Neither for nor against　　33%

Why are college lectures unpopular? And what harmful effects do they have on students as well as teachers ? What suggestion do you have?

Sample Answer

College Lectures

1)According to a questionnaire conducted among college students，more than 40% of them object to the lecture method.If you go to a lecture class，you will find a good number of students are absent.And those who are present are either chatting in pairs，or dozing off.Few are listening attentively.College lectures are unpopular with college students.(通过对数据的描写，引出大学课程的讲授并不受学生欢迎的观点)

2)The main problem with lectures is that listening is less efficient.For students feel bored when they find that what the professor lectures can be found in textbooks，or that they can't let the professor stop for them because they miss，or fail to understand a point.On the contrary，reading the same material in a textbook is more efficient because they can proceed as slowly as they need until the subject matter becomes clear to them.For another，few students now can concentrate their minds consistently through the class hour when the professor delivers his or her monologue，for years of watching TV have shortened their attention span.(大学讲授不能吸引学生的原因是教师照本宣读，或学生听力不能长时间集中，没有自己看书效率高)

3)Worse still，attending lectures is to develop the passive habit of learning，at least for inexperienced listeners.While it is true that some students can take intelligent notes，few students possess such skills at the beginning of their college careers.More often， students try to write everything down without thinking for themselves and even bring tape recorders to class in a clumsy effort to capture every word.(通过听课学习往往使学生养成被动的学习习惯)

4)The lecture method ultimately harms professors as well.It reduces feedback to a minimum，so that the lecturer can neither judge how well students understand the material nor benefit from their questions or comments.And questions that require the professor to clarify obscure points and comments that challenge his arguments are indispensable to academic studies.Without them，the liveliest mind becomes dull.(这种大学讲授对讲课教师也不利，因为没有来自学生的提问和讨论，讲授质量相对也会降低)

5)As a traditional teaching method，lectures will never disappear from the college scene.But they should be used selectively，For example，when ideas are new and can't be found in books，they will be welcome.And also discussion should be introduced into lecture classes to trigger a fruitful line of thought.(提出如何改进大学课程的讲授方法)

闪光点:

1.开头生动:第一段不仅有数据说明，还有现象描写: are either chatting in pairs，or dozing off

2.词汇亮点: proceed as slowly，reduces feedback to a minimum，capture every word，clarify obscure points，that challenge his arguments，trigger a fruitful line of thought

3.用词变化: listen the lecture—attend the lecture，the professor lectures—deliver the monologue