旅游翻译（一）

第八单元　旅游翻译（一）

教学目标

本单元教学目标为：一、让学生了解基本的旅游宣传资料的特点；二、熟悉旅游宣传资料的翻译原则；三、扩大相关领域的词汇量，体会旅游宣传资料翻译的相关策略和方法。

课文

Hyde Park

Hyde Park is one of the greatest city parks in the world.Covering 142 hectares (350 acres) and with over 400 trees，a large lake，a meadow and ornamental flower gardens，there’s a good chance you’ll forget you are right in the middle of London.Hyde Park is home to the Diana Memorial Fountain.

London Eye

The London Eye，or Millennium Wheel，was officially called the British Airways London Eye and then the Merlin Entertainments London Eye.The London Eye is a giant Ferris wheel situated on the banks of the River Thames，in London，England.The entire structure is 135 metres (443 ft) tall and the wheel has a diameter of 120 metres (394 ft).It is the tallest Ferris wheel in Europe，and the most popular paid tourist attraction in the United Kingdom，visited by over 3.5 million people annually.

British Museum

Founded in 1753，the British Museum’s remarkable collection spans over two million years of human history.Visitors enjoy a unique comparison of the treasures of world cultures under one roof，centred around the magnificent Great Court.World-famous objects such as the Rosetta Stone，Parthenon sculptures，and Egyptian mummies are visited by up to 5.8 million visitors per year.

Elizabeth Tower

The Houses of Parliament and the clock tower，commonly called Big Ben，are among London’s most iconic landmarks.London’s Big Ben clock tower is to be renamed Elizabeth Tower to mark the queen’s 60th year on the British throne.Technically，Big Ben is the massive bell inside the clock tower，which weighs more than 13 tons.Big Ben’s timekeeping is strictly regulated by a stack of coins placed on the huge pendulum.Even after a bomb destroyed the Commons chamber during the Second World War，the clock tower survived and Big Ben continued to strike the hours.A special light above the clock faces is also illuminated，letting the public know when parliament is in session.

Buckingham Palace

Buckingham Palace serves as both the office and London residence of Her Majesty the Queen.It is one of the few working royal palaces remaining in the world today.During the summer，visitors can tour the nineteen State Rooms，which form the heart of the Palace.These magnificent rooms are decorated with some of the greatest treasures from the Royal Collection，including paintings by Rembrandt，Rubens and Canaletto.

Tower Bridge

Over 100 years ago，the Victorians built a bridge that has become one of London’s most famous landmarks.High level walkways were built to allow people to cross the Thames whilst the Bridge was lifted to let tall ships sail past.Inside the Tower Bridge Exhibition you will learn all about how the World’s most famous bridge works and the history behind its creation.Enjoy the panoramic views from the walkways situated 45 metres above the Thames and visit the original Victorian engines.

参考译文

海德公园

海德公园是世界最大的城市公园之一。占地142公顷（350亩），种植了400多株树木。园内拥有大型湖泊，草坪，观赏花圃，让你完全忘记自己身处伦敦市内。海德公园还是戴安娜王妃纪念喷泉的所在地。

伦敦眼

伦敦眼，又名千禧之轮，官方又称英航伦敦眼，或默林娱乐伦敦眼。伦敦眼是坐落在伦敦泰晤士河畔的摩天轮。整个建筑高135米（443英尺），轮盘直径有120米（394英尺）。它是欧洲最高的摩天轮，也是在英国最受欢迎的付费旅游景点，每年接待超过350万游人参观。

大英博物馆

大英博物馆创建于1753年，博物馆内的珍藏贯穿了两百多万年的人类历史。在位于博物馆中央的大中庭屋檐下，游客们可欣赏到世界各地的文化宝藏。罗塞塔石碑，帕特农神庙雕塑，埃及木乃伊等举世无双的博物馆展品，每年吸引580万游客到此参观。

伊丽莎白塔

英国议会大厦及其附属钟楼，俗称大笨钟，是伦敦数一数二的代表性建筑。准确来说，大笨钟指的是时钟塔内超过13吨重的大钟。为纪念英国女王伊丽莎白二世女王登基60周年，英国决定将“大笨钟”钟楼更名为“伊丽莎白塔”。大笨钟报时精确，全靠巨大钟摆上的一叠硬币装置。二战时炸弹摧毁了下议院会议厅，钟楼幸免于难，大本钟的钟声依然准时响起。每当钟面上方被光照亮时，民众便知道议会正在召开会议。

白金汉宫

白金汉宫既是英国女王的办公地点也是她的住所。它是世界上少数留存至今的皇家宫殿之一。暑期，游客们可以参观白金汉宫的19间国事厅。它们恰好构成了宫殿的核心，装饰华丽，陈设着最珍贵的皇家收藏。其中不乏荷兰画家伦勃朗、鲁本斯和意大利画家卡纳莱托的名作。

伦敦塔桥

早在100多年前的维多利亚时代，人们修建了伦敦塔桥。如今，它已成为伦敦最著名的地标之一。这座横跨泰晤士河的大桥分为两层，上层是人行道，下层桥身可以吊起，让大型船舶在桥下通过。伦敦塔桥内部设有展览，带你了解世界上最有名的桥梁工程和它们的历史。快登上45米高的塔桥人行道一瞥泰晤士河全景，顺便参观一下维多利亚时代的桥梁操作引擎吧！

（选自http://www.ryedu.net/syy/yywh/201207/27430.html）

参考译文赏析

［原文］Hyde Park is one of the greatest city parks in the world.Covering 142 hectares(350 acres) and with over 400 trees，a large lake，a meadow and ornamental flower gardens，there’s a good chance you’ll forget you are right in the middle of London.

［译文］海德公园是世界最大的城市公园之一。占地142公顷（350亩），种植了400多株树木。园内拥有大型湖泊，草坪，观赏花圃，让你完全忘记自己身处伦敦市内。

该例第二句是个主从复合长句，运用动名词短语、介词短语表现了主从句之间的逻辑关系。译文进行了拆句，按照原文的逻辑关系，将其拆为两句，并发挥汉语动词优势，如“占（地）”、“种植”、“拥有”等，逐个交代原文事实，语义清晰，层次分明，值得学习借鉴。

［原文］It is the tallest Ferris wheel in Europe，and the most popular paid tourist attraction in the United Kingdom，visited by over 3.5 million people annually.

［译文］它是欧洲最高的摩天轮，也是在英国最受欢迎的付费旅游景点，每年接待超过350万游人参观。

这句话较长，但却是一个简单句。显然，如果依样译为汉语，恐怕很难被人接受，或者根本就不能译为顺畅明白的汉语。所以，只有改变结构，分开来说，才符合汉语的特点。纵观全句可以看出：(1) tallest Ferris wheel in Europe (2) paid tourist attraction in United Kingdom (3) visited by over...这样一来，就能有逻辑、有条理地翻译出来了。此外，因汉语多用主动语态的原因，译文将最后部分“每年被350万游人参观”转换为“每年接待……”，十分巧妙。

［原文］Visitors enjoy a unique comparison of the treasures of world cultures under one roof，centred around the magnificent Great Court.

［译文］在位于博物馆中央的大中庭屋檐下，游客们可欣赏到世界各地的文化宝藏。

这句话翻译出来既要体现因果的逻辑含义，又要展现出其建筑的独特之处，如果按原文顺序直译，会造成修饰语过长，不符合汉语语言结构逻辑。因此，参考译文进行了整合，使得译文逻辑清晰，语义明了。

［原文］Big Ben’s timekeeping is strictly regulated by a stack of coins placed on the huge pendulum.

［译文］大笨钟报时精确，全靠巨大钟摆上的一叠硬币装置。

这里面“timekeeping”翻译很精准，对于一些有西方文化特色的词语、成语、比喻或是组合短语，如果其中的一些表达方式的字面意义很难理解，需根据语境而定，为了不影响读者对原文信息的正确理解，翻译中经常要根据语境的需要，对原文做相应的释义处理，减少译文的“异国情调”，目的在于清晰地表达原意，避免读者误解。此外，用“全靠”来翻译“is strictly regulated by”，也具有“四两拨千斤”的效果。

［原文］Enjoy the panoramic views from the walkways situated 45 metres above the Thames and visit the original Victorian engines.

［译文］快登上45米高的塔桥人行道一瞥泰晤士河全景，顺便参观一下维多利亚时代的桥梁操作引擎吧！

原文是介绍伦敦塔桥的最后一句，是一个祈使句，具有号召作用。参考译文用“快……吧”来进行翻译，并以感叹号结束，同样具有号召游客行动起来的效果，实现了与原文的“等效”。

翻译理论学习

旅游宣传资料翻译

旅游业是我国21世纪的朝阳产业，世界旅游组织预测：到2020年，中国将超过其他国家，成为世界第一大旅游目的地国、第四大客源输出国，届时，将有1.37亿人次来中国参观、访问和游览，中国也将有1亿人到世界各地旅游。2000年，我国首次提出建设“世界旅游强国”的宏伟战略目标——到2020年，我国要实现从“亚洲旅游大国”到“世界旅游强国”的历史性跨越。

旅游宣传资料的功能及英译标准

旅游资料的翻译必须把旅游资料的功能与翻译有机结合。旅游资料有不同的种类，但目的都是为了吸引游客。其主要功能在于信息功能、美感功能和诱导功能。旅游资料首先必须提供足够的信息，通过对风景名胜的介绍、宣传，激发人们旅游、参观的兴趣，增加游客对中国历史文化的了解。为了增强吸引力，旅游资料必须能给读者带来美的感受，使之产生一睹为快的欲望。具备了信息功能和美感功能，也就具备了诱导功能。因此，旅游资料的翻译要通过传达原文的信息，全面反映原文的功能，才能达到原文的交际目的。

旅游资料的翻译不能等同于单纯的中译英文字翻译，旅游资料翻译的成功与否，首先取决于效果。译文应该具有原文同等的表现力和吸引力。如果译文不为读者所接受，效果不佳甚至适得其反，那就等于失去了翻译的意义。要想让译文在译文读者心目中引起的反应效果与原文读者的反应效果相似，译者必须把重点放在译文的译文读者上，充分考虑到译文的可读性和读者接受能力，从读者的实际情况出发，采取适当措施，在不影响原文意思表达的前提下，对译文读者可能不易理解的信息作适当的调整和变通，才能使读者理解并接受信息，达到旅游资料翻译的最终目的。

不同民族思维方式和文化传统上的差异赋予了各个民族语言不同的文化内涵，并制约着各自使用语言的独特方式。翻译是一种文化交流活动。翻译是不仅要注意语言文字的表面形式，更应注意语言的文化因素，充分考虑不同民族所固有的文化背景、心理因素和欣赏习惯。旅游资料的翻译更是这样。旅游资料含有丰富的文化内涵和民族特色，涉及大量的文化信息。因此，把握好旅游资料中的文化因素，是旅游资料翻译的关键。只求语言形式上的对等而忽视汉英在文化深层次上的差异，是无法实现旅游资料的功能的。

旅游宣传资料翻译中应注意文化差异

语文是社会的产物，是人类历史和文化的结晶。它凝聚着一个民族世代相传的社会意识，历史文化，风俗习惯等各方面人类社会所有的特征。不同的文化背景和文化传统，使中西方在思维方式，价值观念，行为准则和生活方式等方面也存在有相当的文化差异。语言是文化的载体，词汇是文化信息的浓缩，是语言的重要组成部分，它反映着文化的发展和变化，同时也直接反映着文化的差异。

汉语和英语源自两种完全不同的文化背景，而且由于中国人和欧美人生活的社会结构、历史条件、地理环境等方面的差异，形成了两种不同的思维方式和审美观点。思维和语言之间存在着一定的对应关系，思维的方式决定着语言的表达形式、东西方不同的思维方式必然影响着汉语和英语的不同表达形式。汉语表达委婉含蓄，意境悠远；英语表达思维缜密，结构严谨。汉语为了加强文章的力度，往往不惜使用大量的修饰词汇和动词密集句子，这与英语的习惯和风格相去甚远。英语最忌讳言过其实，任何规程和重复都是语言表达之大敌、加上英语句子是以主谓结构为主干，不分主次一味将动词堆积就会破坏英语的表达，与欧美民族的审美方式和欣赏习惯背道而弛。

翻译练习

Architectural Aesthetics

Description： good architecture is breathtaking beauty.We can compare the strict designed by calculation from the ancient Greek temple of ancient Rome，medieval church or ancient temples，but was unable to predict that Tadao Ando’s “light of the Church”，he is born，find the peacefulness.After the priest of the Forum should be sacred for wall，human thinking should be in the wall，but on solidification，Ando has boldly fashionable in the wall of a perpendicular to the horizontal opening of the intersect，forming a “cross” light，the God of light into the room.This means that the gods of light of many people’s hearts.

Keywords： architectural aesthetics，geographical，natural environment

Our physical environment，some content to let long galleries，there are things you as minor and fleeting.Sometimes，it has not been tested by underline things but has an excellent quality，because they are in the environment and the role of one of them in the history of a people cannot be underestimated.The building is the mental and the physical form of a fantasy world，is a people want to constantly improve the world.Even in urban space or building a reality，people can be aware of when building the content，the content determines the atmosphere is not visible.At the same time，building with—the walls between the consciousness of history—also pregnant with significant changes in the future.

Good architecture is breathtaking beauty.We can compare the strict designed by calculation from the ancient Greek temple of ancient Rome，medieval church or ancient temples，but was unable to predict that Tadao Ando’s “light of the Church”，he is born，find the peacefulness.After the priest of the Forum should be sacred for wall，human thinking should be in the wall，but on solidification，Ando has boldly fashionable in the wall of a perpendicular to the horizontal opening of the intersect，forming a “cross” light，the God of light into the room.This means that the gods of light of many people’s hearts.

Architectural beauty lies in its natural environment，and rooted in obedience to the natural environment.A variety of architectural form，and varied architectural styles suitable for different natural and scenic forest terrain dissolving into one，creating a variety of architectural culture his beautiful language.

Different different natural environment，as man and nature，to the summary of the building，to the plants.Hop，hop，suitable for the various geographical areas at the request of the natural environment，and nature.

In the South-East Asian and South Asian countries，in China’s Hainan Island and China’s Taiwan island，located at the lush，tropical climate，people use Coconut Grove palm leaf up to adapt to the tropical rainforest left，the wooden floor，ventilation，light and cool and simple，built in the building； the tropical rain forest in the province，in China’s Western Alpine region，people use stone barrier wall，according to the Hill jiushi built stone building，Typhoon snow insulation against the cold，built a plateau mountain building.As China’s Sichuan and other minorities in Tibet Qinghai in Western China，according to the Hill jiushi built to all kinds of mountain building group.The loess plateau in China，mobei Gobi，rainfall climates，they leverage mountain slope dig to build houses，built of Adobe buildings.Dunhuang Pinakothek construction buried into the hillside，semi-open entrance，hillside retaining wall obtained，Adobe-style architectural characteristics very obvious.In the Eastern United States，Australia，in the South of China，with abundant rainfall，mild climate，people with wood and tile mountains jiushi，local conditions and cover up the shade hood，ventilation，humid area in the building.Visible in the different regions of the building has its own beautiful language.

Architectural beauty lies in its rich sound，garden buildings is highly representative of a case.Although he continuously to borrow，King，box sites，and many other visual techniques demonstrated at such as art as the conception，however，only to Visual impact，he was not to be so awesome.In addition to the traditional Chinese garden itself of cultural tradition，philosophy，his heart also lies in the human sensory perception of others.The Phoenix huang class flute，whistle “flowing water when his sound； the bamboo homes Kim Bong，Lotus flowers smell”performance taste； “Poly boxing ring shaped Hill，as the bucket water pool” and reflects his scale，not to mention the claustrophobic to solitude，ascending to the expression of emotion in a lifetime”.The beauty of Chinese architecture： all inclusive-vapour and whirling，wind dance secluded huang，fragrant as years years-heze，by xiangyuan Yi Ching； pool-view heart，tingxie pleasant and so on and so on.It is this otoacoustic eye color，full moon flower，Garden perception of imagery，reflecting his poetically.

Architectural beauty is a multi axis coordinate system.In different historical periods，different regional culture，ethnic background are not all the same.Ancient Chinese aesthetic standard who are unified，as was the mobilization of centralization，almost all the buildings means the creation of a common complete form of art.As a result，China’s architecture reflects the orthodox Confucian thought，and ambitious； Chinese gardens with the Taoist，strongly imitate nature，extreme freedom and changeable.While ancient Greek philosophy and the arts all knowledge，in pursuit of eternal perfect，so in the spirit of the level of their pursuit of spiritual perfection，nature they are pursuing a lasting image of beauty，to some extent，their beauty is $ 1.

1840，Engels in his earlier book，“seven Filippo’s hometown”，discusses the classical architecture style of Zhongshan key new features： the Greek architects are brightly coloured，Moore of architecture (of North Africa，southern Europe of Islamic architecture) makes people feel hesitant，Gothic sacred happy； Greek architectural style phase anything，Moore-building style like the stars of the evening，Gothic architecture style like the Golden Dawn.In short，different architectural expression of beauty are quite different.

Architectural beauty lies in its arbitrary and should display fine，although it’s almost done by people from the natural and artistic creation.Whether it is a tile，is a variation of，or is incomplete，dangerous，contemporary architectural design of the non-harmony consciousness is striking a trend.

For example，postmodern architecture will tile formally introduced architecture creation，Isozaki of Tsukuba Center is a typical example.He will appear in the history and contemporary of intensity，Roman，Michelangelo，Moore，years and so many people of fragments from the original context in-out，converted and tile，make up a new system crashing，Vilas Palace of the expensive’s maid were in the Group Portrait，which stimulate the thinking of.The remains of ancient construction，the ruins of war，waste that some artists and architects feel torn beauty or form.For example，an earlier use of torn law-abiding architects Haworth to cause Shihlin jewellery design，he will even granite brick facades tore a large gap，causing a crash，make light projecting from the mysterious.While the deconstruction architects also exaggerated attitude stressed that the composition of dangerous to pose，its taste is represented as instability，weightlessness，sliding，overturning，falling，and so on a non-equilibrium of dangerous composition.

Beauty is changing，the tragedy of the ancients，fair，sublime，noble，naive，and so far not able to cover a wide variety of today’s emerging aesthetic form.Contemporary architecture in the area of “non-harmony” complexity，it widens the architectural modeling and aesthetic space so that the architectural beauty and meaning of “harmonious” become more abundant.

Architectural beauty lies in the fact that it is reasonable to interleave.The evolution of the building，in a sense is emotional and the rational development of the Union.The relationship between emotion and reason，from had clashed，gradually developed into the amalgamation of the stage.

In the field of architecture，emotional and rational boundaries are obscure.The emergence of light to dark，as emotion to rational，reasonable negative Chahar confirmed the existence of reason，and the building is with a certain function，a function of matter.At this level，the building contains natural rational components.

When crossing the modern industrial civilization dating back to ancient times，we will surprise，this one’s mind old emotional factors.Built on a thick massive form，there is a spirit of flexibility and intangible.In accurate and detailed scale in a fine expression of emotion，“happy and bright mood，...a bright，sunny day...” (Engels).Back to the contemporary，the construction sector，multicultural coexistence styles； the rise and fall of modernism，postmodernism has just put on the stage of history，it was “crazy” heedless of the annihilation of deconstruction.“Wrong，” “symbiosis” “metaphor” “symbol” a “high tech”...seems to be in one night，the building became the best media passed emotion.Therefore，in the knowledge of contemporary architecture trends and future architecture，architectural beauty of emotional understanding and is one of the contemplative basis points.

Architectural beauty lies in the science and technology on the art and architecture of the 20th century art and architecture development，most dramatic beneficial to past era.

Advances in technology make it possible to dream of architect.The role of art and nature and man，society，so that the full of life，from emotionally experience of nature and life of rhyme and poetic.At this time of the construction sector evolved “reverse form of aesthetics”aesthetic “high tech” “ecological aesthetics” and “to maintain development of aesthetics” as the representative of the emerging architectural aesthetic system.

The inverse form of aesthetics “intentional violation of the law in the form of aesthetics.Classical aesthetic pursuit in harmony，and he advocated conflict broken by expanding and American antithesis of conflict，warfare requirements，funny，humor，and other ways and means to improve the performance of buildings.“Aesthetic” stressed the high tech application，stressing the cultural expression of emotion，focusing on building flexibility and diversity，local and historical culture，such as Jean Nouvel Design Center for the Arab world.The ecological aesthetics “ecology of full，stable，harmonious aesthetic standards，the pursuit of natural beauty and man-made beauty，Norman Foster’s design in Wales gardens，will naturally into them create artificial climate，this is not possible in the past.In support of science and technology，could hardly have been able to break through the nature and structure of the constraint.The sustainable development of natural aesthetics”，ecology，society as a complete system，people and nature of interdependence and mutual harmony，as aesthetic ideals，chasing meet human needs，and create a good environment.

The network era buildings form already appeared e-building.The magic of the computer network is now like a storm swept across the world，its biggest huge impact changing our every aspect of life.Science and technology of every advancement affect to the building and the development of the city，just as the invention of the cinema also means cinema such as architecture.

Winston Churchill that widespread warning said “we bring up the building，the building makes us”.E-architectural beauty lies in its performance of the network age art architectural space，architect，or at least is the art of a special form，building with building language authoring，artistic expression to the outside world a thought or a explains a significance.The architectural language in the creative process in writing these meanings.While the network age of a main interpretation of the expression of every thought.E-building is the author of a creative passion，artistic，aesthetic taste，social experience，the internal state of mind and to describe the depth of understanding of the object.

The e-age，and paper are no longer the only vector of architecture，as history and bamboo from Oracle to ask，and development to paper and printing.Computer architecture expression，in fact already started showing up，is different from the previously static drawings，it displays the information of the expression，and broadband Internet use media real-time interactive publication makes the comprehensive development of the architectural design.

All in all，a cultural background of the building，the accumulation of a rich cultural connotations of the building，either the environment it reflected the cultural heritage of the human spirit，but also with their own interpretation to the concept of beauty，building rich language and of endless aftertaste.