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货物买卖合同范本中英文文档

时间:2022-04-04 理论教育 版权反馈
【摘要】:第六章 进出口合同副课文1.原文:The Price includes the cost of delivery of the Goods to the Buyer’s premises in the mainland of Great Britain and the Buyer will pay the additional costs of the Seller incurred in any deliveries required by the Buyer outside that area.译文:价格含将货物交到英国大陆买方处所的费用。如需将货物运出英国大陆以外地区,买方应支付卖方额外的运费。原文规定了构成价格的基本原则及例外情况,译文将两层含义拆译为两个独立的汉语句子,使意义更为明确。

第六章 进出口合同

副课文

1.原文:The Price includes the cost of delivery of the Goods to the Buyer’s premises in the mainland of Great Britain and the Buyer will pay the additional costs of the Seller incurred in any deliveries required by the Buyer outside that area.

译文:价格含将货物交到英国大陆买方处所的费用。如需将货物运出英国大陆以外地区,买方应支付卖方额外的运费。

分析:首字母大写的单词出现在合同中并不是普通英语中所谓的专有名词,而是表示该词在合同中有专门的定义,如:

The Seller has offered to sell to the Buyer fifty(50)F502/zt computers(Products)for the sum of four hundred and sixty-five pounds each(exclusive of VAT and delivery)(Price)payable on 17January 20XX(Completion).

本例对products,price,completion三个词给出了专门的定义,合同其他条款中再出现与这三个词有关的内容时直接用大写的词指代而无需重复具体的定义。

the mainland of Great Britain指的是the island of Great Britain,as opposed to Northern Ireland,the Channel Islands or the Isle of Man,意即英国的主岛。原文规定了构成价格的基本原则及例外情况,译文将两层含义拆译为两个独立的汉语句子,使意义更为明确。

2.原文:On the expiry of the validity term of the contract,the contract shall automatically become null and void.

译文:有效期满后,本合同自动失效。

分析:on与expiry 搭配使用时与upon同义,英语定义为Upon can be used to show that something happens soon after。expiry的英语定义是when something which lasts for a fixed length of time comes to an end or stops being in use,即“届满;期满”,如expiry date指the last date on which sth. is valid。

null and void属近义词并列使用,也是英语合同用语的固定模式,其英语定义为having no legal effect and to be considered therefore as if it did not exist,汉译时无需赘言,译为“无效”或“失效”即可。

3.原文:The terms and conditions herein contained,including the Appendices hereto,constitute the entire agreement between the parties hereto.

译文:本合同所包含的条款和条件,包括合同附件,构成合同双方的完整协议。

分析:herein 是公文惯用语,herein contained表示(the terms and conditions)contained in this Contract。hereto 同样也是公文惯用语,the Appendices hereto即the Appendices to this Contract,the parties hereto 即the parties to this Contract。

4.原文:买卖双方同意按下述条款购买出售下列商品并签订本合同。

译文:This Contract is made by and between the Buyer and the Seller,whereby the Buyer agrees to buy and the Seller agrees to sell the under-mentioned commodity subject to the terms and conditions stipulated below.

分析:原文为主动句,“双方同意”,英译采用被动句,使用原文的最后一个动词“签订”作为译文的谓语,主干结构转换为This Contract is made。

译文使用双介词by and between 符合英语合同语言的严谨要求,by 说明由(买卖双方)签订,between表示该合同仅涉及买卖双方。译文加译公文惯用语whereby一词,将原文中的第一个谓语动词转为译文的状语从句

按原文的顺序“买卖双方购买出售”,译文分别叙述为the Buyer agrees to buy and the Seller agrees to sell说明双方是本着自愿的原则签订合同。汉语合同中包括“条件”在内的所有规定都统称为“条款”,而英译“条款”时一般都使用terms and conditions,加conditions一词符合英语合同语固定表达模式,可尽量避免歧义和疏漏。

5.原文:本合同签字之日三个月内,即不迟于6月30日,甲方须将货物装船。

译文:Party A shall ship the goods within three month of the date of signing this Contract,i.e. not later than June 30.

分析:原文对装运期的规定应属严谨,符合合同的规范要求。原文规定的“三个月内”起始日为合同的“签字之日”,并进一步说明截止日为“6月30日”,可以最大限度地避免歧义。因此翻译时必须将此含义准确译出。译文采用within ... of 可对应原文的含义,within … from也可。i.e.表示that is to say。

6.原文:本合同总值为123450.00欧元(拾贰万叁仟肆佰伍拾欧元整)。

译文:The total contract value is EUR123,450.00(Say Euro Dollars One Hundred Twenty Three Thousand Four Hundred and Fifty Only).

分析:在合同中表示金额时应同时用大小写,可避免任何歧义、疏漏或恶意增减。英译金额时货币符号与数字之间不留空格,英译大写时以Say开头,Only结束。

练习、参考译文与分析

1.原文:Neither party will be liable for any failure to perform or delay in performing any obligation under this agreement by reason of any circumstance beyond its reasonable control providing that it promptly notifies the other party of such circumstance and uses its reasonable endeavours to mitigate the effect of such circumstance on any affected obligation. If such circumstance continues to prevent performance for more than 60days,either party may terminate this agreement on 30days’ prior written notice.

译文:一方如遇到不可抗力事件而不能履行或延迟履行本协议项下的义务时,不承担任何责任,但该方应将该事件迅速通知他方,并尽力减轻该事件对受影响的义务造成的后果。如该事件持续影响履行义务的时间超过60日,一方可经提前30日发出书面通知后终止本协议。

分析:这是合同中关于不可抗力的条款,其目的是辨别一方暂时或永久性不能履行合同义务时是否构成违约。本条的重点是规定允许不可抗力影响持续的时间及在该时间段后必须采取的行动。

原文中的failure to perform为名词短语,翻译时转译为动词短语“不能履行”,且采用从反面着笔的方法,将failure(失败)译为“不能”。delay in performing也是名词短语,转译为动词短语“延迟履行”。

by reason of 是正式用语,意即because of(由于,因为)。含有providing that 或provided that的句式在商务英语中使用广泛,有时译为“在……条件下”,用于限定主句情况出现的条件;但如果provided引导的条件句表示的是一个与主句陈述相反的情况,如本条出现的情况,则应译为“但”。terminate与stop,end同义,但属正式用语。

2.原文:All notices shall be written in English and served to both parties by fax/e-mail/courier according to the following addresses. If any changes of the addresses occur,one party shall inform the other party of the change of address within 10days after the change.

译文:所有通知用英文写成,并按照如下地址用传真/电子邮件/快件送达给各方。如果地址有变更,一方应在变更后十日内书面通知另一方。

分析:serve与give同义,但多用于商贸法律英语,属正式用语。inform 是“通知”的正式用语,固定搭配inform sb. of sth.。介词短语within 10days after the change表明的是从事件(the change)发生之日起至事件发生后10日的这一段时间。

3.原文:The packing of the goods shall be preventive from dampness,rust,erosion and shock,and shall be seaworthy. The Seller shall be liable for any damage or loss of the goods attributable to the inadequate or improper packing. The measurement,gross weight,net weight and the cautions such as “This side up”,“Keep away from moisture”,“Handle with care” shall be stenciled on the surface of each package with fadeless pigment.

译文:货物应具有防潮、防锈蚀、防震并适宜于海运的包装,由于货物包装不良而造成的货物残损或灭失应由卖方负责。卖方应使用不褪色的颜色在每个包装箱上标明尺码、毛重、净重及“此端向上”、“防潮”、“小心轻放”等警示性标记。

分析:shall 在合同语言中并不纯粹表示将来,而是对合同各方义务的规定。

seaworthy 是对海运包装的基本要求,英文定义为in a condition that is good enough to travel safely on the sea。be liable for与be responsible for 虽然都有“承担责任”之意,但前者指“承担法定义务”,而后者指“履行职责”,liable的英文定义为having(legal)responsibility for something or someone。

在damage or loss of the goods中,damage指货物的损害或损坏(physical harm that is done to the goods),loss指货物的损失(a situation in which goods are lost or stolen)。stencil专指刷唛头的方式为“用模版印刷”,而不是用不干胶等贴上外包装,也不是用笔写上去。

4.原文:买方未在规定的时间内开出信用证,卖方有权发出通知取消本合同,或接受买方对本合同未执行的全部或部份,或对因此遭受的损失提出索赔。

译文:The Buyer shall establish a Letter of Credit before the above-stipulated time,failing which,the Seller shall have the right to rescind this Contract upon the arrival of the notice at Buyer or to accept whole or part of this Contract non fulfilled by the Buyer,or to lodge a claim for the losses sustained,if any.

分析:“开出信用证”中的“开出”即“开立”,可用establish,issue,或open来译。英译采用了从反面着笔的翻译方法,将原文的“未……开出”的否定式变为肯定式 The Buyer shall establish …,failing which…。

原文中“发出通知”给谁虽未言明,但汉语意义很明确,实际上省略了“给买方”,英译时加上了arrival of the notice at Buyer以避免译文有疏漏或歧义。

英译“因此遭受的损失”一般都加上if any以示严谨,具体情况可能是“造成了损失”或“并未造成损失”。

原文中表示卖方享有的权利有三:发出(通知)、接受(全部或部分)、提出(索赔),对应的英译是三个不定式短语to rescind,to accept,to lodge。

5.原文:货物发运后,卖方出具以买方为付款人的即期汇票,按即期付款交单方式,通过卖方银行向买方转交单据,换取货款。买方须在汇票首次提示时付款。

译文:After shipment,the Seller shall draw a sight bill of exchange on the Buyer and deliver the documents through Seller’s bank to the Buyer against payment,i.e. D/P. The Buyer shall effect payment immediately upon the first presentation of the bill(s)of exchange.

分析:“以买方为付款人”的汇票即汇票的受票人(drawee )是买方,这是含商业信用而不是银行信用的汇票,译为draw on the Buyer。“即期汇票”表示见票即付,用sight bill of exchange 或 sight draft表示。与“即期”对应的是“远期”(time)。“付款交单”是表示付款方式的专业术语Documents against Payment,简称D/P。“提示”是正式用语,表示将有关汇票交给银行的行为,用presentation来译。“付款”的正式和规范译法是effect payment而不用make payment。

6.原文:如买方提出索赔,凡属品质异议须于货到目的口岸之日起30天内提出,凡属数量异议须于货到目的口岸之日起15天内提出,对所装货物所提任何异议于保险公司、轮船公司、其他有关运输机构或邮递机构所负责者,卖方不负任何责任。

译文:In case of quality discrepancy,claim should be filed by the Buyer within 30days after the arrival of the goods at port of destination;while for quantity discrepancy,claim should be filed by the Buyer within 15days after the arrival of the goods at port of destination. It is understood that the Seller shall not be liable for any discrepancy of the goods shipped due to causes for which the Insurance Company,Shipping Company,other Transportation Organization or Post Office is liable.

分析:从句子结构来看,原文为一个汉语长句,而译文则将原文分拆为两句。

原文前两个分句结构为“凡……(的索赔)须提出”,主语省略了中心词“索赔”,译文第一句采用被动句claim should be filed,是对原文正确理解的翻译结果。译文第二句按照英语的叙事习惯加译It is understood that作为主干句子,将原文并列句中的后一句合并为that从句,避免了译文的头重脚轻。

原文中的“如”后所引导的从句内容实属各方所不期望发生的,因此未用if来简单地对应,而用in case。

“货到目的口岸之日起30天内”和“货到目的口岸之日起15天内”用英语的常用时间表达法分别译为within 30days after the arrival …和within 15days after the arrival,索赔有效期限都是1+n日,1指事件发生的当日。

原句中的“异议”是针对货物的质量和数量而言,买方根据到货的质量/数量来对比合同规定,以发现两者是否不符,因此用quality/quantity discrepancy来译更为准确,而不能仅根据词典意义选择objection 或dissent。

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