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第五讲句子成分转换

时间:2022-04-02 理论教育 版权反馈
【摘要】:第五讲 句子成分转换 在翻译中,常常要在正确理解的基础上,摆脱原文句子形式的束缚,按照汉语习惯进行翻译。(四)状语转化为汉语中主语⒈ In our workshopthe new technological process of production finds application.我们车间采用了新的技术生产流程。(五)英语的谓语译成汉语的主语The earth is shapedlike a ball.地球的形状像个球。

第五讲 句子成分转换 (Conversion of Members of a Sentence)

在翻译中,常常要在正确理解的基础上,摆脱原文句子形式的束缚,按照汉语习惯进行翻译。除了词类需要转换外,句子成分也要转换。

一、主语的译法

(一)英语句中的各类宾语转化为汉语句中的主语

⒈ 动词的宾语转化为汉语的主语

① Our country will turn out more televisorsthis year than last year.

我国今年生产的电视机将比去年多。

② The proton has considerably more massthan the electron.

质子的质量比电子大得多。

⒉ 介词宾语译成汉语的主语

① Rivers differ greatly in character.

各种河流的特点彼此很不相同。

② Iron comes between manganese and cobalt in atomic weight.

铁的原子量介于锰与钴之间。

(二)表语转变为汉语的主语

Of all the metals the best conductors are silver, gold and copper.

银、金和铜是金属中最好的导体。

(三)定语转化为汉语中主语

A lot of resources in our countryhave not been exploited.

我国有许多资源尚未开发。

(四)状语转化为汉语中主语

⒈ In our workshopthe new technological process of production finds application.

我们车间采用了新的技术生产流程。

⒉ There are a great number of modernized machine-building plants in our country.我国有许多现代化的机器制造厂。

(五)英语的谓语译成汉语的主语

The earth is shapedlike a ball.

地球的形状像个球。

二、英语句中的定语、主语等译成汉语的谓语

⒈ Even well before, scientists recognized light had a vastcapacity for transmitting information.

甚至在很久以前,科学家们就认识到,光传播信息的容量极大。

⒉ Copper and tin have a lowability of combining with oxygen.

铜和锡的氧化能力低。

(其中还有:ability是英语的动词宾语译为汉语的主语,原谓语动词have 省译。)

⒊ There is a needfor improvement in our work.

我们的工作需要改进。

(其中还有:work是介词宾语,译为主语。)

三、其他

⒈ In this world, things are complicated and are decided by many factors.

世界上的事是复杂的,是由各方面的因素决定的。

(In the world是英语的状语译为中文的定语。)

⒉ Much progresshas been made in electrical engineering in less than a century.

不到一个世纪,电气工程已取得了大进展。

(Much progress 是英语的主语译为汉语的宾语。)

⒊ Nowadays, a typical radio transmitterhas a power of 100 kilowatts so that it can broad-cast information over a large area of influence.

如今一台常见的无线电发射机的功率已达100千瓦,因此它的播送范围很大。

(radio transmitter 是英语的主语译为汉语的定语。)

Exercises:

Translate the following sentences into Chinese, paying attention to the conversion of member of a sentence:

1.Conductors have very small resistanceand the smaller the resistance, the better the conductor.

2.We need frequencieseven higher than those we call very high frequency.

3.Light beams can carry more informationthan radio signals because light has a much higher frequencythan radio waves.

4.The same signs and symbols of mathematics are used throughout the world.

5.Atoms differ in weightbecause they contain different amount of matter.

6.Two widely used alloys of copper are brass and bronze.

7.There are different elements in nature.

8.There have been many great changes in Chinasince liberation.

9.Water has a greaterheat capacity than sand.

10.The statementof the first law of motion is as follows.

11.Differentdirections of magnetization of the Patch give differentdirections of current.

12.Most of the tubes in a computer are usedin much simpler waysthan those in a television set.

13.When used to record a binary number, currents in the appropriate directions are produced in the coilsabove each channel, givingthe correct pattern of magnetization on the tape.

14.There will be factoriesproducing television sets, tape recorders, cars, or other products, with all machinesoperatedautomatically by a central computer.

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