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商务英语否定句式翻译

时间:2022-04-02 理论教育 版权反馈
【摘要】:第二章 商务英语否定句式翻译就词汇而言,英语中表示否定的词语比汉语多,按词类划分有名词、代词、动词、形容词、副词、介词、连词等,从意义上划分有完全否定、部分否定、含蓄否定、双重否定以及其他否定形式,就表达方式而言,有用单词表示的,也有用特殊结构表示的。

第二章 商务英语否定句式翻译

就词汇而言,英语中表示否定的词语比汉语多,按词类划分有名词、代词、动词、形容词、副词、介词、连词等,从意义上划分有完全否定、部分否定、含蓄否定、双重否定以及其他否定形式,就表达方式而言,有用单词表示的,也有用特殊结构表示的。

如何对否定含义进行理解和对否定对象进行判别呢?在汉语中,“不”、“非”、“没有”等否定词均直接放在被否定的词或词语前面,但是在英语里,谓语结构中的not有时并不是对谓语动词进行否定,而是对句子中的其他成分否定,这种情况下的否定词没有直接放在被否定的词语前面,距离被否定的词语较远,因此产生了判别否定对象的问题。如果把否定对象搞错,全句的意思也就会弄错,甚至把意思弄反。商务英语讲究很强的逻辑性,对否定结构的理解必须准确无误,来不得半点含糊,如果产生翻译错误,则会给商品的进出口贸易造成巨大损失。在研究英语否定结构的翻译方面,我们主要考虑以下几种情况:完全否定、部分否定、形式否定、含蓄否定、否定转移以及双重否定等。

一、完全否定

英语表示完全否定的词语有no, not, never, none, nobody, nothing, nowhere, neither...nor...等。含有这些词语的完全否定句一般情况下意思都是一目了然的,只要注意译文的表达,符合现代汉语习惯就行了。例如:

(1)Under no circumstances will China be the first to use nuclear weapons.

  中国在任何时候都不会首先使用核武器

(2)There is no denying the fact that marketing research is an important factor in the success of an enterprise. 不能否认市场调研是企业成功的一个重要因素。

二、部分否定

部分否定就是指整个句子所表达的意思或概念不是全部否定,而是既含有部分否定的意思,又含有部分肯定的意思。用在部分否定中的词语有:not every, not all, not both, not much, not many, not always等,部分否定句式常常译成“不都……”、“并非”。由于文化差异和思维方式的不同,中国人很容易把这类句子翻译成汉语的全部否定句。

例如:All of the trade issues were not settled under the WTO framework.

这句话很容易被翻译成“所有的问题都没有在世贸组织框架下得到解决。”其实它的含义是世贸组织只解决了一部分问题,还有一部分没有解决,即:“并非所有的问题都在世贸组织的框架下获得解决”。而中文的“所有的问题都没有在世贸组织的框架下得到解决”应当翻译成“None of the trade issues were settled under the WTO framework.”

以下是英语中常见的部分否定形式:

1. 不定代词或形容词在否定句中

all, both, each, every, everybody, everyone, everything等代词与否定词连用不是全部否定,而表示部分否定,常常译成汉语的“不都是……”、“并非都”。例如:

(3)The US dollar is not strong at all times. 美元并不是在任何时候都是坚挺的。

(4)China does not accept every economic condition the US government imposes on it.

  中国并非接受美国政府所施加的所有经济条件。

(5)I can’t remember all the names of the products on the catalog.

  我不能把商品目录上所有的产品名字都记住。

2. 副词在否定句中

在否定句中,副词always, wholly, entirely, completely, totally, altogether, everywhere, often, quite, enough等与否定词连用表示部分否定。例如:

(6)European countries did not wholly join the euro zone.

  欧洲国家并没有全部加入欧元区。

(7)The managing director is not always available in the office in the morning.

  执行总裁上午不一定都在办公室。

(8)NATO countries do not wholly approve of the Turkish request.

  北约国家不完全同意土耳其的请求。

3. hardly, scarcely, rarely, seldom, few, little 等接近完全否定的词可以表示部分否定。

(9)Dialogs are seldom held between the two parities due to a lack of sincerity on the part of one party. 因一方对另一方缺乏诚意,双方很少进行对话。

(10)Few of the countries have responded positively to the US trade policy.

   几乎没有国家对美国的贸易政策做出积极反应。

4. and引导的并列结构

当and引导的两个并列结构放在否定结构中时,它表示部分被否定,而不是被全部否定。这种情况一般要翻译成汉语的“不能都”、“并非既……又……”。例如:

(11)He is not the manager and the president of the company.

   他并非既是公司经理又是董事长。(他或者是经理,或者是董事长。)

(12)I cannot take off time to work and attend classes.

   我抽不出时间既工作又上课。(工作和学习我只能做一样。)

5.or引导的并列否定结构

and引导的两个并列结构在否定结构中的用法相当于or在肯定句中的含义,但是or引导的并列结构在否定句中却表示完全否定,通常译成“既不……也不……”。

(13)He did not care time or money. 他不在乎时间,也不在乎金钱。

(14)He is not the general manager or the president of the company.

   他既不是公司总经理,也不是董事长。

三、形式否定

英语中有些否定词与其他词连用形成一种固定搭配,这种结构从表面上看是否定的,而实际上所表达的却是肯定意义,这种结构就是形式否定。常见的形式否定结构有:

1. cannot...too; cannot...over;cannot...enough

这种结构不表示“不能太……”或者“不能过分地……”的意思,而是表示“再怎么样或无论怎样也不为过”、“越……越好”,其意义是肯定的。这是因为cannot还含有“想办但却怎么也办不到”的意思。例如:

(15)The importance of market research cannot be overstated.

   市场调研的重要性无论怎样强调都不为过(必须多强调市场调研的重要性。)

(16)Our company cannot get enough capital on this project.

   我们公司在这个项目上无论得到多少资金都不够。

(17)Drinking water cannot be too pure. 饮用水越纯净越好。

(18)You cannot praise him too highly. 你怎么赞扬他都不会过分。

2. It is a(n)+形容词+名词+否定从句

这种结构表示肯定,通常用于谚语,译成“再……也会”。例如:

(19)It’s a good workman that never blunders. 智者千虑,必有一失。

3. 带not的疑问句、感叹句、陈述句

某些带否定词not的疑问句、感叹句、陈述句同样表示肯定的含义。例如:

(20)How often have they not complained about the high prices we offer!

   他们经常抱怨我方报价太高!

(21)He won’t be sorry when it is over! 事情过去之后,他会很高兴的。

(22)What crimes isn’t he guilty of!

   他坏事做绝!(此句也可以翻译成“他无恶不作。”)

4. 含not a little, no little, not slightly的句子

这类句子也表示肯定意义,可以译成“很多”、“非常”。例如:

(23)Manufacturers spend not a little on advertising of products.

   制造商在产品广告方面投入很多。

(24)They took no little pains over the project. 他们在这个项目上花费了很多功夫。

5. 固定词组

含有否定词而又不表示否定的固定词组有很多,常见的有as likely as not (大概,很可能),more often than not(往往,经常),none the less(依然,依旧)。例如:

(25)He is old, none the less he works like a young man.

   他虽然上了年纪,但是干起活来依然像个年轻人。

(26)He will forget all about it as likely as not. 他很可能会忘得一干二净。

6. too…to结构

too后面跟ready, apt, eager, easy, anxious, willing, inclined等形容词时,too…to结构不表示否定意义,这种结构中的too相当于very或extremely的作用。此时to后面的不定式不与前面的too+形容词构成搭配。这种结构一般翻译成“太,非常”。例如:

(27)The applicant was too eager to know the result of his interview.

   这位求职者迫不及待地想知道面试结果。

另外,too…to结构前面有时加only, but, all等词以加强语气,这种结构同样表示肯定意义,后面常常跟pleased, willing, delighted, glad, happy, satisfied等词,一般翻译成“太,非常”。例如:

(28)The board of directors are only too pleased with the new acquisition proposal.

   董事会成员对新的收购提议非常满意。

(29)Without this computer we are but too reliable to make miscalculations.

   没有这台计算机,我们就特别容易算错。

7. not…other than

这个句式的原意是“除了……就不……”,通常表示肯定的意义,一般译成“就”、“只能”。例如:

(30)The managing director could not read the long sales report other than cursorily.

   这份销售报告太长,总裁只能草草地看一看。

(31)We do not like him other than he is now. 我们就是喜欢他现在这个样子。

8. 其他形式

(32)Don’t lose time sending this email message to the marketing department.

   赶快把这份电子邮件发给营销部

(33)The doubt was still unsolved on the US side after the repeated explanations of the

Chinese trade negotiators.

   虽然中方贸易谈判代表一再解释,但仍未打消美方疑虑。

(34)All the articles are untouchable in the museum. 博物馆内一切展品禁止触摸。

(35)He didn’t half like the proposal. 他非常喜欢这个建议。

(36)I couldn’t feel better. 我感觉好极了。

(37)We couldn’t agree with you more. 我方太赞成你方的看法了。(你说得太对了。)

(38)If that isn’t what I want! 我所要的就是这个!

(39)I can’t wait to see you! 我恨不得马上见到你。(我真想马上就能见到你。)

(40)I can’t see you quickly enough. 我想尽快见到你。

四、含蓄否定

含蓄否定是指英语中有些词或短语不与否定词连用,同样也可以表示否定的意义。常见的含蓄否定现象包括:

1. too+形容词+动词不定式

这种结构通常表示否定含义,常常翻译成“太……以至于不能”。例如:

(41)It’s too good a business opportunity to miss. 如此好的商机不能错过。

(42)I was too much discouraged by this failure to try again.

   这一失败使我心灰意冷,我不想再尝试了。

2. It is …that /who…结构

在一些习语或谚语中,It is …that /who…结构可以表示含蓄否定意义,一般翻译成“再怎样……也不会……”、“未必”的意思。这种结构与强调句式不同。例如:

(43)It is a silly fish that is caught twice. 再蠢的鱼也不会上钩两次。

(44)It is a good divine that follows his own instructions. 能说者未必能行。

3. but that…与but for…

but that…与but for…表示“如果不是……的话”。例如:

(45)China would have successfully purchased two early-warning planes from Israel but

for the US intervention. 如果不是美国从中干预的话,中国就会顺利地从以色列手中购买两架预警飞机的。

4. more than …+含有can的从句

more than后面虽然是肯定形式,却表示否定意义。例如:

(46)The beauty of Hangzhou is more than I can describe.

   杭州景色优美,无法用语言形容。

(47)The production manager has bitten off more than he can chew by taking a bigger order. 生产经理接受了一大笔订单,有些贪多嚼不烂。

(48)A bigger payroll is more than such a small business as his can afford.

   像他这样的小企业无法负担过多的员工薪酬。

5. the last, the least, the limit等

有些句子含有the last, the least, the limit等表示极限的词组具有否定的意义,通常翻译成“最不可能的”、“最不合适的”。例如:

(49)60 percent of the people polled said that snails are the last things they would like to eat. 在接受民意调查的人当中,百分之六十说他们最不爱吃的东西是蜗牛。

(50)Young people are most welcomed by an enterprise as they are the least conservative. 年轻人深受企业欢迎,因为他们最不保守。

(51)The boss made me do one thing after another, which was the limit.

   老板要我做完这个又做那个,真受不了。

6. 特定环境下的疑问句

某些疑问句在特定语言环境下具有与字面相反的意义,即暗含否定的意味,而且其否定语气一般比较含蓄。例如:

(52)What is the good of the US imposition of trade sanctions on China? 美国对中国实施贸易制裁有什么好处呢?(美国对中国实施贸易制裁是无济于事的。)

(53)When have you lost your heart? 你什么时候气馁过?(你可从未气馁过。)

7. 介词表示否定

英语中介词的使用非常活跃,有些介词可以表达否定意义,这些介词有from, off, beyond, past, in, out of, against, beside, without 等。例如:

(54)Such high prices are really beyond our means. 这么高的价格我们实在支付不起。

(55)She is still in two minds as to the merger proposal.

   对于合并提议她还没有拿定主意。

(56)The staff are off work today. 今天员工不上班。

(57)The price campaign is far from over. 价格战远没有结束。

(58)The American trade delegation was strongly criticized for having left Beijing before saying goodbye. 美国贸易代表团由于没有告别就离开北京而遭到强烈批评。

8. 词汇表示否定

除了某些明显表示否定意义的副词和连接词之外,英语中有些词汇或词组也同样可以表示否定含义,例如某些表示“缺陷”、“短少”、“脱落”、“排除”、“忽略”、“不知”等消极意义的词语也都属于否定含义的范围,翻译成汉语时一般可以译成否定意义,比如译成“不是、没有、未能、免受、不够、无法”等。还有某些抽象名词如absence, ignorance, exclusion等,某些形容词短语如free of, far from, inferior to等都可以进行否定处理。例如:

(59)The Chinese textile goods were denied entry into the European ports.

   这批中国纺织品没有获准进入欧洲港口

(60)Some small and medium-sized enterprises have turned their attention to the rural areas to avoid competition from more powerful rivals.

   一些中小型企业为了不与强大的对手竞争,把注意力放到了农村。

(61)We expected the order to be smaller. 我们没有想到订单会这么大。

(62)It’s been five years since the two firms had a business transaction.

   这两家公司已经五年没有生意往来了。

(63)A lot of businesses are blind to the damage they have done to the environment in their development. 许多企业在发展过程中无视对环境造成的破坏。

(64)Absence of honesty on the part of the American trade delegation resulted in repeated failures of the Sino-US trade talks.

   美国贸易代表团没有诚意,多次导致中美贸易谈判失败。

(65)He studied business communication at the university to the exclusion of other subjects. 他在大学里专门攻读商务沟通,没有学过其他课程

五、否定转移

一般来说,英语中的否定词总是紧紧出现在被否定部分的前面,对其后面的部分进行否定,但有时否定词所否定的并不是紧随其后的部分,而是后面的某个部分,这就是否定的转移。如果对否定的转移缺乏足够的认识,就会造成理解和翻译上的错误。否定的转移通常有下列几种情况:

1. 否定介词短语

(66)I have not come to you for money. 我来不是找你要钱的。

(67)I didn’t say that for amusement. 我说那些并不是为了消遣。

2. 否定不定式

(68)We haven’t called the meeting to discuss this issue.

   我们召开这个会议不是来讨论这个问题的。

(69)One does not live to eat, but eats to live. 人活着不是为了吃,而吃却是为了活着。

3. 否定从句中的谓语动词

(70)China does not believe that permitting the renminbi to trade freely is a good idea.

   中国认为允许人民币自由兑换不是个好主意。

(71)It is unlikely that oil prices will fall this year. 今年的石油价格很可能不会下降。

(72)I don’t think you have paid for it yet. 你大概还没有付款吧。

4. 否定范围的转移

否定范围的转移有时从否定词开始可以一直延伸到句末,被否定的部分实际上是主语补足语或是状语。例如:

(73)They did not part good friends. 他们分手时感情不好。

这句话相当于They were not good friends when they parted. 意思不是说他们没有分手,而是说分手时感情已经不好。

5. not…so much as…

在not…so much as…这个结构中,从表面上看not否定的是谓语,而实际上是否定as后面的词语。这种结构一般翻译成“与其说……不如说……”。例如:

(74)The oceans do not divide the world so much as unite it.

   与其说海洋把世界分割开来,不如说把世界连接起来。

(75)It wasn’t so much the clothes as the man himself who impressed immediately.

立即给人以深刻印象的,与其说是衣服,不如说是这个人本身。

6. not…because

not…because结构有时发生否定转移,有时不发生否定转移,翻译时应视具体情况而定。

a.not否定的是主句的谓语,because修饰主句,表示原因,此时不发生否定转移。

在这种句式中,如果because放在后面,前面有时用逗号隔开,翻译成汉语时一般译成“没有……,因为……”或“因为……,所以……没有”。例如:

(76)He did not buy it, because it was very expensive. 他没有买,因为价钱很高。

(77)The talks could not proceed because the parties involved had opposing views.

会谈无法继续进行,因为有关各方意见分歧。

b.not属于否定转移,实质上修饰because从句。

这类句式主句与从句之间不需要用逗号隔开。这种句型通常译成汉语的“并不是因为……而……”,或“并非因为……才……”。例如:

(78)Airline companies didn’t stop operation because of the rising oil prices.

   航空公司并没有因为油价上涨而停止运营。

c.有时because的前面有just, only, merely, simply等副词,这些副词通常将否定的范围局限在because引导的从句上。例如:

(79)Don’t read the books simply because other people are reading them.

   不要只因为别人在读某些书就去读这些书。

(80)I am not apt to shrink from my duty merely because it is painful.

   我并不因为怕吃苦而逃避自己的义务。

六、双重否定

双重否定是英语句子中常见的形式,即用两个表示否定意义的词来表达肯定。这种句型比较符合英美人的习惯,因为他们不太喜欢用绝对的肯定或否定,而习惯用比较委婉的表达方式。而汉语的表达则比较干脆,要么用完全否定,要么用部分否定,所以英语中的双重否定在翻译成汉语时就成了肯定句。

1. 否定词+表示否定意义的词

英语句子中的双重否定并不完全是由两个等同的否定词构成,而多半是由一个否定词和一个表示否定意义的词或词组构成。比如no/ not/ never…but就表示肯定的意思。双重否定是一种富于修辞作用的语法结构,他可以加强语气,起到强调的作用,因此译文要表现得明确、有力,也可以降低语气,把话说得含蓄一些,委婉一些。

英语的“双重否定”结构在译成汉语时可以是两个否定词,例如译成“没有不,不会不,并不是没有,无不,没有不是,并非毫无,不得不,不能不,非……不可,未免不,未必不”等。一般来说,原文是加强语气的,翻译时最好也处理成汉语的双重否定结构。如果译成双重否定结构不能够准确表达原文的意思或者使译文啰嗦时,可处理成汉语的肯定结构。例如:

(81)A successful entrepreneur should fight no battle unprepared.

   成功的企业家不打无准备之仗。

(82)Not a day passed without trade conflicts between the two countries.

   这两个国家没有一天不发生贸易摩擦。

(83)There is not any advantage without disadvantage. 有利必有弊。

(84)We are not reluctant to accept your proposal. 我方非常愿意接受贵方的提议。

(85)There is no rule that has no exception. 任何规则都有例外。

(86)I never think of summer but I think of childhood. 一想到夏天,我就会想起童年。

(87)This is a matter of no small consequence. 这件事情关系重大。

2. too…not to和not too…to

这两种结构都表示双重否定,通常译成“太……肯定会……”、“必然”、“不要……不……”和“不会不……”。例如:

(88)Many foreign retailers such as Wal Mart are too wise not to grasp the Chinese market. 许多像沃尔玛这样的外国零售商如此聪明,不会不抓住中国这块市场。

(89)He is too sensitive not to notice that. 他那么敏感,不会不注意到的。

3. 同一个英文词,既可以表示否定,又可以表示肯定。例如:

(90)Yukos, the Russian oil company, is in trouble.

   俄罗斯石油公司尤科斯遇到麻烦了。(俄罗斯石油公司尤科斯的处境不妙。)

(91)The sales manager is new here.

   销售经理是刚来的。(销售经理不熟悉这里的情况。)

练 习

一、请将下列句子译成中文

1. Food safety cannot be overstated.

2. The importance of scientific researches cannot be overvalued.

3. The employees don’t all have a car, thus some of them commute to work every day.

4. I feel not a little amazed.

5. He is the last person for the position of office director.

6. Not all financial aids went to his institution.

7. All cities did not look like as they do today.

8. Both are not LED TVs.

9. There is little hope of finding any survivors.

10. You can not be too careful in proofreading.

11. It is a wise man that never makes mistakes.

12. It is an ill wind that blows nobody good.

13. It is a foolish bird that fouls its own nest.

14. They did not praise him slightly.

15. Beginners are too apt to make mistakes in grammar.

16. Who doesn’t love his country?

17. A large house is more than I can afford.

18. This is the last place where I expected to have met you.

19. It was beyond his power to sign such a contract.

20. The fight against corruption is far from over.

二、请将下列句子译成英文

1. 中法双方就发展双边关系,包括两国间经贸领域的合作深入交换了意见,取得了一些重要共识,双方签署了启动自由贸易区协定谈判的谅解备忘录等。

2. 近年来,中澳关系发展势头非常好。两国之间贸易额去年突破200亿美元,比上年增长50%,增幅相当可观。

3. 建立自由贸易区是双方的共同意愿。双方都认为,建立自由贸易区是一种平等、互利、互惠的经贸安排,能更好地促进两国经贸合作。

4. 在经济全球化时代,国际经贸交往非常密切,经贸合作不断加强。各种各样的区域经贸合作安排纷纷涌现。

5. 中国重视同世界上各国、各地区在平等互利基础上发展经贸合作,愿就建立自由贸易区问题同有关国家和地区进行有益的探讨。

6. 中韩在经贸和其他领域的交往,包括旅游方面的交流与合作,是互利互惠的,符合双方的利益。

7. 日本外务省发言人在北京举行记者招待会时,表示中方已口头同意中日建立关于历史问题的联合委员会,双方还同意在司局级层面上就东海油气问题经常举行磋商。

8. 我们希望通过谈判协商的方式解决双方贸易争端。为此,中方提出了合理、有效的主张,希望美方予以积极回应。

9. 中国和印尼都是亚洲的大国,也都是发展中大国,无论是在国际事务还是双边贸易合作领域,双方都有广泛的共同语言和共同利益。

10. 中国发展同非洲和拉丁美洲国家的关系,不是为得到这些国家的自然资源以满足自身经济快速增长的需要。

三、请将下面段落译成中文

I am delighted to be a guest at this festive occasion celebrating the 50th anniversary of diplomatic relations between Finland and the People’s Republic of China. I have been asked to talk about the recent developments in the Finnish economy and its short-term outlook, and also to give a comment on the outlook for the common European currency, the Euro.

So, I must restrain myself from starting my story from the situation that prevailed 50 years ago, and describing the tremendous development we have experienced since then. Instead, I start as is now customary in Finland with the severe recession that we experienced in the early years of the 1990’s and with the strong recovery that ensued.

The situation in Finland in the early 1990’s was in most respects similar to that of the crisis-ridden countries of Asia in the late 1990’s. Our GDP fell altogether by 13 per cent, and large-scale restructuring was necessary in the corporate sector due to the collapse of profitability. Unemployment jumped from 3 per cent to 17 per cent, and the public finances deteriorated rapidly.

In stark contrast to that dismal state, we have now enjoyed already 7 years of strong growth and economic stability. GDP growth has averaged 4.5 per cent per annum during this period, the unemployment rate has sunk to below 10 per cent, i. e. to the EU average, and it is decreasing further. The current account has swung to sizeable surplus, and also the public finances are back in surplus. Inflation has at least until the recent oil price hike been kept well under control.

The reasons for this strong performance can be traced back to the change of productive structures and economic-political priorities that the crisis brought about. Productivity of the private sector surged in the aftermath of bankruptcies and mergers, and the structure of output in general, and of industrial output in particular has changed a major way. Economic-political priorities were changed, largely by the necessity of circumstances, to emphasize sound public finances, stability of the financial sector, market competition and efficient and sustainable economic structures. This emphasis is being maintained still today in order to keep up growth potential for the future.

Finland’s entry in the EU in 1995 and participation in the common currency, the Euro, in 1999 were important steps in this new economic policy. This has offered Finland a framework for opening up the markets further for competition, but it has also provided us with wider and more stable financial markets. The common currency has created a need for stepped-up co-ordination and reform of economic policies in the Euro area. Participation in EU integration has been for Finland the way to meet the challenge of globalization. To draw a parallel, Chinese membership in WTO may serve a similar function.

The outlook for the Finnish economy is bright. In this year, total production growth will exceed 5 per cent. The driving factor is exports; its value rose by 26 per cent in the first 8 months of this year. The volume of manufacturing output increased correspondingly by 10.4 per cent. There the most dynamic industry is production of IT equipment, which increased its output by 40 per cent. This industry has now surpassed both forest industries and heavy engineering, the other two pillars of Finnish manufacturing, in importance.

The increased share of exports in the Finnish economy and the recent Finnish success in high-tech production reflects the excellent competitive position Finland has gained in the last few years. This competitiveness in a high-demand sector gives us confidence that the Finnish economy will continue developing steadily even in the environment of a gradual slowdown in global growth and increased downside risks. We envisage an annual average output growth rate of 3.5 per cent in the medium term.

In its economic policy the Finnish government attaches high priority to structural policy. Handling it well is seen as the key to future success. Further reforms to make markets work better are necessary in order to increase productivity and create room for the growth of potential output. Another great challenge is to reform the public sector so as to make the systems sustainable in an environment of tax competition and ageing population.

(资料来源:《英语世界》2001年第11期)

词语注解

at this festive occasion:参加这次喜庆盛典;出席这次盛典

as is now customary in Finland:芬兰的惯例

start with the severe recession that we experienced:首先谈谈我们所经历的严峻的经济衰退

enjoy strong growth and economic stability:经济稳步增长

large-scale restructuring was necessary in the corporate sector due to the collapse of profitability:由于利润大幅滑坡,许多公司不得不进行大规模调整。

the current account has swung to sizeable surplus and the public finances are back in surplus:经济结算已有大量顺差,公众财政也重有盈余

productivity of the private sector surged in the aftermath of bankruptcies and mergers:在经历破产合并后,私营企业的生产率大大提高

create a need for stepped-up co-ordination and reform of economic policies in the Euro area:使加速欧元区的协调和经济政策改革成为必要

even in the environment of a gradual slowdown in global growth and increased downside risks:即使在全球经济发展速度逐渐放慢,并有下跌的危险的情况下

create room for the growth of potential output:为潜在的产值增长提供空间

common European currency:欧洲共同货币

short-term outlook:短期前景

the strong recovery that ensued:继而出现的强有力复苏

in most respects similar to that of the crisis-ridden countries of Asia in the late 1990’s:在许多方面与90年代后期饱受经济危机之苦的亚洲国家的情况很相似

restrain myself from starting my story:不再讲述,不谈

in stark contrast to the dismal state:与惨淡的局势形成鲜明对比

unemployment rate has sunk to below 10 per cent, i.e. to the EU average:失业率降到了10%以下,也就是达到了欧共体的平均水平

at least until the recent oil hike:至少在最近石油价格大幅上涨之前

economic-political priorities:经济政治优先事项

largely by the necessity of circumstances:主要是由于形势的需要;主要是根据形势的需要

to draw a parallel:打个比方

the increased share of exports:出口份额的增长

envisage:设想,想象,预期,认为

in the medium term:中期

attach high priority to structural policy:高度重视结构性政策

to make market work better:使市场更好地运作

public sector:公共领域,政府部门

四、请将下面段落译成英文

在我国对外经贸合作中,与欧洲的经贸关系,具有十分重要的地位。欧洲,特别是西欧国家,已成为我国重要的贸易伙伴以及资金和技术的重要来源,独联体和中东欧国家也正在成为我国开展经济贸易合作的重要伙伴。2003年,是中国正式加入世贸组织的第二年。在这一年里,中国严格按照加入WTO时所作的承诺,降低关税,开放市场,遵守WTO规则,修改相关的法律法规,获得了各方面的好评。中国的对外开放呈现出新局面,对外经济贸易有了新的发展。全年进出口总额8 512亿美元,比上年增长37.1%;中国进口总额4 128亿美元,增长39.9%;出口总额4 383亿美元,增长34.6%。贸易顺差255亿美元,比上年下降16%。全年实际使用外国直接投资535亿美元,增长1.4%。2003年也是欧元正式在欧元区12国启动的第一年;欧盟的一体化建设,特别是欧盟扩大进程取得重要进展。在全球经济开始恢复增长的去年,中欧经贸关系保持了较快速度的发展,呈现出良好的发展势头,这是双方共同努力的结果。据中国海关统计,2003年中国与欧洲进出口贸易总额为1 620.9亿美元,比上年增长43.8%, 其中与欧盟的进出口贸易总额为1 252亿美元,同比增长44.4%。欧盟继续保持中国第三大贸易伙伴地位,仅次于日本和美国。中国与俄罗斯之间的贸易额也在去年增长了32.1%, 达157.6亿美元, 俄罗斯成为中国的第八大贸易伙伴和原木、化工原料等一些重要原材料商品的来源地。

近年来,中欧政治关系进一步巩固和加强,为双边经贸关系的发展奠定了坚实的基础。中国与欧盟、俄罗斯分别确立了面向二十一世纪的全面伙伴关系和战略协作伙伴关系,并建立了中国欧盟领导人、中俄首脑和中俄总理定期会晤机制。此外,哈萨克斯坦、中国、吉尔吉斯斯坦、俄罗斯、塔吉克斯坦、乌兹别克斯坦六国正式成立了“上海合作组织”,并启动了以贸易投资便利化为主要内容的区域经济合作机制。中欧双方高层互访不断。2002年6月江泽民主席出席了在俄罗斯圣彼得堡举行的上海合作组织元首会晤,签署了《上海合作组织宪章》;9月,当时的朱镕基总理赴欧出席中国欧盟领导人第五次会晤,并访问了法国、丹麦等国。今年1月胡锦涛主席访问法国与希拉克总统进行了重要会谈。欧盟国家中,比利时、卢森堡、西班牙、德国、丹麦等国政府领导人,这两年也先后访问了我国。高层的互访,有力地推动了双边关系特别是经贸关系的发展。

中国国民经济和社会发展第十个五年计划正在顺利实施。2001年国内生产总值比上年增长7.3%,2002年比2001年增长8%,2003年又增长9.1%。我国工农业生产和固定资产投资都将持续增长,商品贸易继续发展,服务贸易逐步对外开放,关税总水平将进一步下调。这些都为中国和欧盟之间经贸关系的发展提供了良好的机会。

中国政府这两年关注的经济工作重点,包括发展农业和农村经济,增加农民收入;继续扩大内需;加强经济结构调整、推进西部开发和振兴东北工业基地;深化经济体制改革,规范市场经济秩序;继续扩大对外开放;继续实施可持续发展战略;改进行政管理,深化机构改革,等等。相信在中国政府实施各项重点工作后,中国今年的经济将继续顺利发展,人民生活水平进一步提高,社会保持稳定,对外经济交往将进一步发展。此次对外经济贸易大学和中国国际贸易学会主办的中欧经济论坛,为增进中欧了解、促进中欧经贸合作、研究解决中欧经贸关系中出现的问题,提供了交流和沟通的平台,很有意义。在此,我预祝中欧经济论坛取得圆满成功。(资料来源:商务部网站)

词语注解

经贸关系:economic and trade relations

贸易伙伴:trading partners

获得各方面的好评:receive compliments from all parties

严格按照承诺:strictly comply with its commitments

中国的对外开放呈现出新局面:China’s opening-up has taken on a new look.

正式启动:official launch

呈现出良好的发展势头:take on a good momentum of development

继续保持中国第三大贸易伙伴地位:continue to remain as China’s third largest trading partner

为……的发展奠定了坚实的基础:lay a solid foundation for the growth of…

定期会晤机制:regular meeting mechanism

上海合作组织:the Shanghai Cooperation Organization

高层互访:exchange of high-level visits

上海合作组织宪章:Charter of Shanghai Cooperation Organization

深化机构改革:deepen institutional reforms

规范市场经济秩序:regulate market economy

交流和沟通的平台:a platform of communication

独联体:the Commonwealth of Independent States

修改相关的法律法规:modify relevant laws and regulations

贸易顺差:trade surplus; favorable balance of trade

外国直接投资:foreign direct investment

欧元区:the euro zone

欧盟的一体化建设:the EU integration process

同比增长44.4%:increase by 44.4% compared with the previous year

仅次于:next to; only after

重要原材料商品的来源地:source of important raw materials

全面伙伴关系和战略协作伙伴关系:comprehensive and strategic cooperative partnership

以贸易投资便利化为主要内容:with the trade and investment facilitation as the mainstay

固定资产投资:fixed assets investment

扩大内需:expand domestic demands

振兴东北工业基地:revitalize Northeast China, a traditional industrial base

预祝……取得圆满成功:wish … a complete success

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