阅读理解选择题的设计及解题技巧

第四节　阅读理解选择题的设计及解题技巧

一、同义语转换

所谓同义语转换就是指利用一些同义词、近义词、同义短语来代替原文中的某个意思设计成选择项，或者转换成另一种句子结构表达方式来进行。这就使得答案往往比较隐蔽。在阅读中只要我们能通过题干找出问题的出处，仔细比照题干与选择项信息是否与原文意思等同，就能确认正确答案。例如:

The new computers represent a big improvement over past models，but they also cost much more． Company officials do not think the higher price will slow down buyers who want to step up to a more powerful computer． Apple wants to stay in the high price end of the personal computer market to finance research for even faster，more sophisticated computers．

Q: Apple sells its new computer models at a high price because．

A) they have new features and functions

B) they are more sophisticated than other models

C) they have new accessories attached

D) it wants to accumulate funds for future research

答案为D。本题题干问“苹果公司以高的价位销售其新型电脑是因为什么?” ，而原文最后一句话“Apple wants to stay in the high price end of the per sonal computer market to finance research for even faster，more sophisticated computers． ”正好回答了这一问题。答案“it wants to accumulate funds for future re search”的意义正好可以替换“to finance research for...” 。

二、概括

所谓概括就是把文章中的某层意思或分散于文章若干处的某个意思概括表达出来。例如:

Cyberspace(网络空间) ， data superhighways，multimedia—for those who have seen the future，the linking of computers，television and telephones will change our lives for ever． Yet for all the talk of a forthcoming technological utopia(乌托邦) little attention has been given to the implications of these developments for the poor． As with all new high technology，while the West concerns itself with the“how” ，the question of“for whom”is put aside once again．

Economists are only now realizing the full extent to which the communication revolution has affected the world economy． Information technology allows the ex tension of trade across geographical and industrial boundaries，and transnational corporations take full advantage of it． Terms of trade，exchange and interest rates and money movements are more important than the production of goods． The electronic economy made possible by information technology allows the haves to in crease their control on global markets—with destructive impact on the have- nots．Q: From the passage we know that the development of high technology is in the interests of．

A) the rich countries 　　　　B) scientific development

C) the elite 　　　　　　　　D) the world economy

答案为A。题干+选择项A的意思为“高科技的发展是为了富裕国家的利益” 。首先，第一段后两句说“没有人注意技术的‘乌托邦’对穷国意味着什么，西方国家关注如何发展高技术的同时，把为谁发展的问题撇在了一边” 。其次，第二段最后一句“电子经济使得掌握了信息技术的国家加强了对全球市场的控制，而对没有掌握的国家造成毁灭性的影响” 。选项A正好概括了上述意思。

三、逆向陈述

所谓逆向陈述就是指在设计选择项时将原文中正面陈述的某个意思用“反说”的方式表达，或将原文“反说”的某个意思采用“正说”的形式表达。例如:

So what are the options for regaining control? One alternative is for developing countries to buy in the latest computers and telecommunications themselves—so called“development communications”modernization． Yet this leads to long term dependency and perhaps permanent constraints on developing countries' economies．

Q: The development of modern communications technology in developing countries may__________．

A) hinder their industrial production

B) cause them to lose control of their trade

C) force them to reduce their share of exports

D) cost them their economic independence

答案为D。本段最后一句话“然而这会导致长期的依赖并造成或许是对发展中国家经济的永久束缚” ，句中“leads to long term dependency”在选择项D中被逆向陈述为“cost them their economic independence”语义相同，只是陈述角度不同。